Add fake backends for new IBM Quantum systems (#7392)

* Add fake backends for new IBM Quantum systems (#6808)

This commit adds new fake backend classes for new IBM Quantum systems:
Cairo, Hanoi, Kolkata, Nairobi, and Washington. Just as with the other
fake backends these new classes contain snapshots of calibration and error
data taken from the real system, and can be used for local testing,
compilation and simulation.

Legacy backends are not added for these new fake backends as the
legacy backend interface is deprecated and will be removed in a future
release so there is no need to expose that for the new backends (it was
only added for compatibility testing on the old fake backends).

* Update qiskit/test/mock/backends/washington/fake_washington.py

Co-authored-by: Ali Javadi-Abhari <[email protected]>

* Update releasenotes/notes/new-fake-backends-04ea9cb26374e385.yaml

Co-authored-by: Luciano Bello <[email protected]>

* Fix lint

Co-authored-by: Ali Javadi-Abhari <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Luciano Bello <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: mergify[bot] <37929162+mergify[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

qiskit/test/mock/backends/__init__.py

@@ -24,13 +24,16 @@
 from .bogota import FakeBogota
 from .brooklyn import FakeBrooklyn
 from .burlington import FakeBurlington
+from .cairo import FakeCairo
 from .cambridge import FakeCambridge
 from .cambridge import FakeCambridgeAlternativeBasis
 from .casablanca import FakeCasablanca
 from .essex import FakeEssex
 from .guadalupe import FakeGuadalupe
+from .hanoi import FakeHanoi
 from .jakarta import FakeJakarta
 from .johannesburg import FakeJohannesburg
+from .kolkata import FakeKolkata
 from .lagos import FakeLagos
 from .lima import FakeLima
 from .london import FakeLondon
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@
 from .melbourne import FakeMelbourne
 from .montreal import FakeMontreal
 from .mumbai import FakeMumbai
+from .nairobi import FakeNairobi
 from .ourense import FakeOurense
 from .paris import FakeParis
 from .poughkeepsie import FakePoughkeepsie
@@ -54,6 +58,7 @@
 from .toronto import FakeToronto
 from .valencia import FakeValencia
 from .vigo import FakeVigo
+from .washington import FakeWashington
 from .yorktown import FakeYorktown
 
 # Legacy Backends

qiskit/test/mock/backends/cairo/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2021.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+
+"""Mock cairo backend"""
+
+from .fake_cairo import FakeCairo

qiskit/test/mock/backends/cairo/fake_cairo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2021.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+
+"""
+Fake Cairo device (27 qubit).
+"""
+
+import os
+from qiskit.test.mock import fake_pulse_backend
+
+
+class FakeCairo(fake_pulse_backend.FakePulseBackend):
+    """A fake 27 qubit backend."""
+
+    dirname = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+    conf_filename = "conf_cairo.json"
+    props_filename = "props_cairo.json"
+    defs_filename = "defs_cairo.json"
+    backend_name = "fake_cairo"

qiskit/test/mock/backends/hanoi/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2021.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+
+"""Mock hanoi backend"""
+
+from .fake_hanoi import FakeHanoi

qiskit/test/mock/backends/hanoi/fake_hanoi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2021.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+
+"""
+Fake Hanoi device (27 qubit).
+"""
+
+import os
+from qiskit.test.mock import fake_pulse_backend
+
+
+class FakeHanoi(fake_pulse_backend.FakePulseBackend):
+    """A fake 27 qubit backend."""
+
+    dirname = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+    conf_filename = "conf_hanoi.json"
+    props_filename = "props_hanoi.json"
+    defs_filename = "defs_hanoi.json"
+    backend_name = "fake_hanoi"

qiskit/test/mock/backends/kolkata/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2021.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+
+"""Mock kolkata backend"""
+
+from .fake_kolkata import FakeKolkata

qiskit/test/mock/backends/kolkata/fake_kolkata.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2021.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+
+"""
+Fake Kolkata device (27 qubit).
+"""
+
+import os
+from qiskit.test.mock import fake_pulse_backend
+
+
+class FakeKolkata(fake_pulse_backend.FakePulseBackend):
+    """A fake 27 qubit backend."""
+
+    dirname = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+    conf_filename = "conf_kolkata.json"
+    props_filename = "props_kolkata.json"
+    defs_filename = "defs_kolkata.json"
+    backend_name = "fake_kolkata"

qiskit/test/mock/backends/nairobi/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2021.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+
+"""Mock nairobi backend"""
+
+from .fake_nairobi import FakeNairobi

qiskit/test/mock/backends/nairobi/conf_nairobi.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"backend_name": "ibm_nairobi", "backend_version": "1.0.13", "n_qubits": 7, "basis_gates": ["id", "rz", "sx", "x", "cx", "reset"], "gates": [{"name": "id", "parameters": [], "qasm_def": "gate id q { U(0, 0, 0) q; }", "coupling_map": [[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]]}, {"name": "rz", "parameters": ["theta"], "qasm_def": "gate rz(theta) q { U(0, 0, theta) q; }", "coupling_map": [[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]]}, {"name": "sx", "parameters": [], "qasm_def": "gate sx q { U(pi/2, 3*pi/2, pi/2) q; }", "coupling_map": [[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]]}, {"name": "x", "parameters": [], "qasm_def": "gate x q { U(pi, 0, pi) q; }", "coupling_map": [[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]]}, {"name": "cx", "parameters": [], "qasm_def": "gate cx q0, q1 { CX q0, q1; }", "coupling_map": [[0, 1], [1, 0], [1, 2], [1, 3], [2, 1], [3, 1], [3, 5], [4, 5], [5, 3], [5, 4], [5, 6], [6, 5]]}, {"name": "reset", "parameters": null, "qasm_def": null}], "local": false, "simulator": false, "conditional": false, "open_pulse": true, "memory": true, "max_shots": 100000, "coupling_map": [[0, 1], [1, 0], [1, 2], [1, 3], [2, 1], [3, 1], [3, 5], [4, 5], [5, 3], [5, 4], [5, 6], [6, 5]], "dynamic_reprate_enabled": true, "supported_instructions": ["cx", "u2", "sx", "delay", "measure", "reset", "rz", "setf", "u3", "acquire", "shiftf", "u1", "x", "id", "play"], "rep_delay_range": [0.0, 500.0], "default_rep_delay": 250.0, "max_experiments": 300, "sample_name": "family: Falcon, revision: 5.11, segment: H", "n_registers": 1, "credits_required": true, "online_date": "2021-05-20T04:00:00+00:00", "description": "7 qubit device", "dt": 0.2222222222222222, "dtm": 0.2222222222222222, "processor_type": {"family": "Falcon", "revision": "5.11", "segment": "H"}, "parametric_pulses": ["gaussian", "gaussian_square", "drag", "constant"], "allow_q_object": true, "clops": 2645, "measure_esp_enabled": false, "multi_meas_enabled": true, "quantum_volume": 32, "qubit_channel_mapping": [["d0", "u0", "m0", "u1"], ["u2", "u5", "m1", "u3", "u1", "d1", "u0", "u4"], ["u2", "m2", "u4", "d2"], ["d3", "u8", "u5", "u6", "u3", "m3"], ["u9", "u7", "d4", "m4"], ["u8", "d5", "u9", "u10", "u6", "u11", "m5", "u7"], ["u10", "u11", "d6", "m6"]], "supported_features": ["q", "o", "b", "j"], "timing_constraints": {"acquire_alignment": 16, "granularity": 16, "min_length": 64, "pulse_alignment": 1}, "uchannels_enabled": true, "url": "None", "input_allowed": ["job", "runtime"], "allow_object_storage": true, "pulse_num_channels": 9, "pulse_num_qubits": 3, "n_uchannels": 12, "u_channel_lo": [[{"q": 1, "scale": [1.0, 0.0]}], [{"q": 0, "scale": [1.0, 0.0]}], [{"q": 2, "scale": [1.0, 0.0]}], [{"q": 3, "scale": [1.0, 0.0]}], [{"q": 1, "scale": [1.0, 0.0]}], [{"q": 1, "scale": [1.0, 0.0]}], [{"q": 5, "scale": [1.0, 0.0]}], [{"q": 5, "scale": [1.0, 0.0]}], [{"q": 3, "scale": [1.0, 0.0]}], [{"q": 4, "scale": [1.0, 0.0]}], [{"q": 6, "scale": [1.0, 0.0]}], [{"q": 5, "scale": [1.0, 0.0]}]], "meas_levels": [1, 2], "qubit_lo_range": [[4.760483791030155, 5.760483791030155], [4.670333454748703, 5.670333454748703], [4.774436548447222, 5.774436548447222], [4.526646125967889, 5.526646125967889], [4.677223413479857, 5.677223413479857], [4.79284383826766, 5.79284383826766], [4.6286976963519475, 5.6286976963519475]], "meas_lo_range": [[6.692252553, 7.692252553], [6.628685982, 7.628685982], [6.875559376, 7.875559376000001], [6.750891115000001, 7.750891115000001], [6.691408487, 7.691408487], [6.794383799, 7.794383799], [6.692597760000001, 7.692597760000001]], "meas_kernels": ["hw_qmfk"], "discriminators": ["quadratic_discriminator", "linear_discriminator", "hw_qmfk"], "rep_times": [1000.0], "meas_map": [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]], "acquisition_latency": [], "conditional_latency": [], "hamiltonian": {"description": "Qubits are modeled as Duffing oscillators. In this case, the system includes higher energy states, i.e. not just |0> and |1>. The Pauli operators are generalized via the following set of transformations:\n\n$(\\mathbb{I}-\\sigma_{i}^z)/2 \\rightarrow O_i \\equiv b^\\dagger_{i} b_{i}$,\n\n$\\sigma_{+} \\rightarrow b^\\dagger$,\n\n$\\sigma_{-} \\rightarrow b$,\n\n$\\sigma_{i}^X \\rightarrow b^\\dagger_{i} + b_{i}$.\n\nQubits are coupled through resonator buses. The provided Hamiltonian has been projected into the zero excitation subspace of the resonator buses leading to an effective qubit-qubit flip-flop interaction. The qubit resonance frequencies in the Hamiltonian are the cavity dressed frequencies and not exactly what is returned by the backend defaults, which also includes the dressing due to the qubit-qubit interactions.\n\nQuantities are returned in angular frequencies, with units 2*pi*GHz.\n\nWARNING: Currently not all system Hamiltonian information is available to the public, missing values have been replaced with 0.\n", "h_latex": "\\begin{align} \\mathcal{H}/\\hbar = & \\sum_{i=0}^{6}\\left(\\frac{\\omega_{q,i}}{2}(\\mathbb{I}-\\sigma_i^{z})+\\frac{\\Delta_{i}}{2}(O_i^2-O_i)+\\Omega_{d,i}D_i(t)\\sigma_i^{X}\\right) \\\\ & + J_{0,1}(\\sigma_{0}^{+}\\sigma_{1}^{-}+\\sigma_{0}^{-}\\sigma_{1}^{+}) + J_{1,2}(\\sigma_{1}^{+}\\sigma_{2}^{-}+\\sigma_{1}^{-}\\sigma_{2}^{+}) + J_{4,5}(\\sigma_{4}^{+}\\sigma_{5}^{-}+\\sigma_{4}^{-}\\sigma_{5}^{+}) + J_{5,6}(\\sigma_{5}^{+}\\sigma_{6}^{-}+\\sigma_{5}^{-}\\sigma_{6}^{+}) \\\\ & + J_{1,3}(\\sigma_{1}^{+}\\sigma_{3}^{-}+\\sigma_{1}^{-}\\sigma_{3}^{+}) + J_{3,5}(\\sigma_{3}^{+}\\sigma_{5}^{-}+\\sigma_{3}^{-}\\sigma_{5}^{+}) \\\\ & + \\Omega_{d,0}(U_{0}^{(0,1)}(t))\\sigma_{0}^{X} + \\Omega_{d,1}(U_{1}^{(1,0)}(t)+U_{3}^{(1,3)}(t)+U_{2}^{(1,2)}(t))\\sigma_{1}^{X} \\\\ & + \\Omega_{d,2}(U_{4}^{(2,1)}(t))\\sigma_{2}^{X} + \\Omega_{d,3}(U_{5}^{(3,1)}(t)+U_{6}^{(3,5)}(t))\\sigma_{3}^{X} \\\\ & + \\Omega_{d,4}(U_{7}^{(4,5)}(t))\\sigma_{4}^{X} + \\Omega_{d,5}(U_{8}^{(5,3)}(t)+U_{10}^{(5,6)}(t)+U_{9}^{(5,4)}(t))\\sigma_{5}^{X} \\\\ & + \\Omega_{d,6}(U_{11}^{(6,5)}(t))\\sigma_{6}^{X} \\\\ \\end{align}", "h_str": ["_SUM[i,0,6,wq{i}/2*(I{i}-Z{i})]", "_SUM[i,0,6,delta{i}/2*O{i}*O{i}]", "_SUM[i,0,6,-delta{i}/2*O{i}]", "_SUM[i,0,6,omegad{i}*X{i}||D{i}]", "jq0q1*Sp0*Sm1", "jq0q1*Sm0*Sp1", "jq1q2*Sp1*Sm2", "jq1q2*Sm1*Sp2", "jq4q5*Sp4*Sm5", "jq4q5*Sm4*Sp5", "jq5q6*Sp5*Sm6", "jq5q6*Sm5*Sp6", "jq1q3*Sp1*Sm3", "jq1q3*Sm1*Sp3", "jq3q5*Sp3*Sm5", "jq3q5*Sm3*Sp5", "omegad1*X0||U0", "omegad0*X1||U1", "omegad3*X1||U3", "omegad2*X1||U2", "omegad1*X2||U4", "omegad1*X3||U5", "omegad5*X3||U6", "omegad5*X4||U7", "omegad3*X5||U8", "omegad6*X5||U10", "omegad4*X5||U9", "omegad5*X6||U11"], "osc": {}, "qub": {"0": 3, "1": 3, "2": 3, "3": 3, "4": 3, "5": 3, "6": 3}, "vars": {"delta0": -2.135243733769955, "delta1": -2.13994911280816, "delta2": -2.129394678066021, "delta3": -2.1521818261888614, "delta4": -2.139992595470489, "delta5": -2.1396276723776833, "delta6": -2.1390204375856214, "jq0q1": 0.015232735472195266, "jq1q2": 0.020731271939206836, "jq1q3": 0.02043730274123934, "jq3q5": 0.015020857056561223, "jq4q5": 0.021264092348739026, "jq5q6": 0.02072534082080968, "omegad0": 1.373110659068891, "omegad1": 1.1780873207435267, "omegad2": 0.9139845233449416, "omegad3": 0.9656993163503216, "omegad4": 0.9298407995337947, "omegad5": 0.9577198276355297, "omegad6": 0.9685069625647934, "wq0": 33.052594464457044, "wq1": 32.48616319609612, "wq2": 33.140262224854595, "wq3": 31.58334908307263, "wq4": 32.52945408356278, "wq5": 33.255918637799375, "wq6": 32.22455801068434}}, "channels": {"acquire0": {"operates": {"qubits": [0]}, "purpose": "acquire", "type": "acquire"}, "acquire1": {"operates": {"qubits": [1]}, "purpose": "acquire", "type": "acquire"}, "acquire2": {"operates": {"qubits": [2]}, "purpose": "acquire", "type": "acquire"}, "acquire3": {"operates": {"qubits": [3]}, "purpose": "acquire", "type": "acquire"}, "acquire4": {"operates": {"qubits": [4]}, "purpose": "acquire", "type": "acquire"}, "acquire5": {"operates": {"qubits": [5]}, "purpose": "acquire", "type": "acquire"}, "acquire6": {"operates": {"qubits": [6]}, "purpose": "acquire", "type": "acquire"}, "d0": {"operates": {"qubits": [0]}, "purpose": "drive", "type": "drive"}, "d1": {"operates": {"qubits": [1]}, "purpose": "drive", "type": "drive"}, "d2": {"operates": {"qubits": [2]}, "purpose": "drive", "type": "drive"}, "d3": {"operates": {"qubits": [3]}, "purpose": "drive", "type": "drive"}, "d4": {"operates": {"qubits": [4]}, "purpose": "drive", "type": "drive"}, "d5": {"operates": {"qubits": [5]}, "purpose": "drive", "type": "drive"}, "d6": {"operates": {"qubits": [6]}, "purpose": "drive", "type": "drive"}, "m0": {"operates": {"qubits": [0]}, "purpose": "measure", "type": "measure"}, "m1": {"operates": {"qubits": [1]}, "purpose": "measure", "type": "measure"}, "m2": {"operates": {"qubits": [2]}, "purpose": "measure", "type": "measure"}, "m3": {"operates": {"qubits": [3]}, "purpose": "measure", "type": "measure"}, "m4": {"operates": {"qubits": [4]}, "purpose": "measure", "type": "measure"}, "m5": {"operates": {"qubits": [5]}, "purpose": "measure", "type": "measure"}, "m6": {"operates": {"qubits": [6]}, "purpose": "measure", "type": "measure"}, "u0": {"operates": {"qubits": [0, 1]}, "purpose": "cross-resonance", "type": "control"}, "u1": {"operates": {"qubits": [1, 0]}, "purpose": "cross-resonance", "type": "control"}, "u10": {"operates": {"qubits": [5, 6]}, "purpose": "cross-resonance", "type": "control"}, "u11": {"operates": {"qubits": [6, 5]}, "purpose": "cross-resonance", "type": "control"}, "u2": {"operates": {"qubits": [1, 2]}, "purpose": "cross-resonance", "type": "control"}, "u3": {"operates": {"qubits": [1, 3]}, "purpose": "cross-resonance", "type": "control"}, "u4": {"operates": {"qubits": [2, 1]}, "purpose": "cross-resonance", "type": "control"}, "u5": {"operates": {"qubits": [3, 1]}, "purpose": "cross-resonance", "type": "control"}, "u6": {"operates": {"qubits": [3, 5]}, "purpose": "cross-resonance", "type": "control"}, "u7": {"operates": {"qubits": [4, 5]}, "purpose": "cross-resonance", "type": "control"}, "u8": {"operates": {"qubits": [5, 3]}, "purpose": "cross-resonance", "type": "control"}, "u9": {"operates": {"qubits": [5, 4]}, "purpose": "cross-resonance", "type": "control"}}}

qiskit/test/mock/backends/nairobi/fake_nairobi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2021.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+
+"""
+Fake Nairobi device (7 qubit).
+"""
+
+import os
+from qiskit.test.mock import fake_pulse_backend
+
+
+class FakeNairobi(fake_pulse_backend.FakePulseBackend):
+    """A fake 7 qubit backend."""
+
+    dirname = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+    conf_filename = "conf_nairobi.json"
+    props_filename = "props_nairobi.json"
+    defs_filename = "defs_nairobi.json"
+    backend_name = "fake_nairobi"

qiskit/test/mock/backends/washington/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2021.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+
+"""
+Fake Washington backend (127 qubit).
+"""
+
+from .fake_washington import FakeWashington