Introduce Slf4jLoggerDeclaration check

error-prone-contrib/src/main/java/tech/picnic/errorprone/bugpatterns/EmptyMethod.java

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public Description matchMethod(MethodTree tree, VisitorState state) {
   }
 
   private static boolean isInPossibleTestHelperClass(VisitorState state) {
-    return Optional.ofNullable(ASTHelpers.findEnclosingNode(state.getPath(), ClassTree.class))
+    return Optional.ofNullable(state.findEnclosing(ClassTree.class))
         .map(ClassTree::getSimpleName)
         .filter(name -> name.toString().contains("Test"))
         .isPresent();

error-prone-contrib/src/main/java/tech/picnic/errorprone/bugpatterns/FormatStringConcatenation.java

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+import tech.picnic.errorprone.utils.MoreASTHelpers;
 import tech.picnic.errorprone.utils.SourceCode;
 
 /**
@@ -203,14 +204,10 @@ private static boolean hasNonConstantStringConcatenationArgument(
 
     ExpressionTree argument = ASTHelpers.stripParentheses(arguments.get(argPosition));
     return argument instanceof BinaryTree
-        && isStringTyped(argument, state)
+        && MoreASTHelpers.isStringTyped(argument, state)
         && ASTHelpers.constValue(argument, String.class) == null;
   }
 
-  private static boolean isStringTyped(ExpressionTree tree, VisitorState state) {
-    return ASTHelpers.isSameType(ASTHelpers.getType(tree), state.getSymtab().stringType, state);
-  }
-
   private static class ReplacementArgumentsConstructor
       extends SimpleTreeVisitor<@Nullable Void, VisitorState> {
     private final StringBuilder formatString = new StringBuilder();
@@ -223,7 +220,7 @@ private static class ReplacementArgumentsConstructor
 
     @Override
     public @Nullable Void visitBinary(BinaryTree tree, VisitorState state) {
-      if (tree.getKind() == Kind.PLUS && isStringTyped(tree, state)) {
+      if (tree.getKind() == Kind.PLUS && MoreASTHelpers.isStringTyped(tree, state)) {
         tree.getLeftOperand().accept(this, state);
         tree.getRightOperand().accept(this, state);
       } else {

error-prone-contrib/src/main/java/tech/picnic/errorprone/bugpatterns/Slf4jLoggerDeclaration.java

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+package tech.picnic.errorprone.bugpatterns;
+
+import static com.google.common.base.Verify.verify;
+import static com.google.errorprone.BugPattern.LinkType.CUSTOM;
+import static com.google.errorprone.BugPattern.SeverityLevel.WARNING;
+import static com.google.errorprone.BugPattern.StandardTags.STYLE;
+import static com.google.errorprone.matchers.Matchers.allOf;
+import static com.google.errorprone.matchers.Matchers.classLiteral;
+import static com.google.errorprone.matchers.Matchers.instanceMethod;
+import static com.google.errorprone.matchers.Matchers.staticMethod;
+import static com.google.errorprone.matchers.Matchers.toType;
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+import static tech.picnic.errorprone.utils.Documentation.BUG_PATTERNS_BASE_URL;
+
+import com.google.auto.service.AutoService;
+import com.google.common.base.CaseFormat;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import com.google.errorprone.BugPattern;
+import com.google.errorprone.ErrorProneFlags;
+import com.google.errorprone.VisitorState;
+import com.google.errorprone.bugpatterns.BugChecker;
+import com.google.errorprone.bugpatterns.BugChecker.VariableTreeMatcher;
+import com.google.errorprone.fixes.SuggestedFix;
+import com.google.errorprone.fixes.SuggestedFixes;
+import com.google.errorprone.matchers.Description;
+import com.google.errorprone.matchers.Matcher;
+import com.google.errorprone.util.ASTHelpers;
+import com.sun.source.tree.ClassTree;
+import com.sun.source.tree.ExpressionTree;
+import com.sun.source.tree.MethodInvocationTree;
+import com.sun.source.tree.ModifiersTree;
+import com.sun.source.tree.Tree.Kind;
+import com.sun.source.tree.VariableTree;
+import com.sun.tools.javac.code.Symbol;
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+import javax.inject.Inject;
+import javax.lang.model.element.Modifier;
+import tech.picnic.errorprone.utils.MoreASTHelpers;
+
+/** A {@link BugChecker} that flags non-canonical SLF4J logger declarations. */
+@AutoService(BugChecker.class)
+@BugPattern(
+    summary = "SLF4J logger declarations should follow established best-practices",
+    link = BUG_PATTERNS_BASE_URL + "Slf4jLoggerDeclaration",
+    linkType = CUSTOM,
+    severity = WARNING,
+    tags = STYLE)
+@SuppressWarnings("java:S2160" /* Super class equality definition suffices. */)
+public final class Slf4jLoggerDeclaration extends BugChecker implements VariableTreeMatcher {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+  private static final Matcher<ExpressionTree> IS_GET_LOGGER =
+      staticMethod().onDescendantOf("org.slf4j.LoggerFactory").named("getLogger");
+  private static final String CANONICAL_STATIC_LOGGER_NAME_FLAG =
+      "Slf4jLogDeclaration:CanonicalStaticLoggerName";
+  private static final String DEFAULT_CANONICAL_LOGGER_NAME = "LOG";
+  private static final Matcher<ExpressionTree> IS_STATIC_ENCLOSING_CLASS_REFERENCE =
+      classLiteral(Slf4jLoggerDeclaration::isEnclosingClassReference);
+  private static final Matcher<ExpressionTree> IS_DYNAMIC_ENCLOSING_CLASS_REFERENCE =
+      toType(
+          MethodInvocationTree.class,
+          allOf(
+              instanceMethod().anyClass().named("getClass").withNoParameters(),
+              Slf4jLoggerDeclaration::getClassReceiverIsEnclosingClassInstance));
+  private static final ImmutableSet<Modifier> INSTANCE_DECLARATION_MODIFIERS =
+      Sets.immutableEnumSet(Modifier.PRIVATE, Modifier.FINAL);
+  private static final ImmutableSet<Modifier> STATIC_DECLARATION_MODIFIERS =
+      Sets.immutableEnumSet(Modifier.PRIVATE, Modifier.STATIC, Modifier.FINAL);
+
+  private final String canonicalStaticFieldName;
+  private final String canonicalInstanceFieldName;
+
+  /** Instantiates a default {@link Slf4jLoggerDeclaration} instance. */
+  public Slf4jLoggerDeclaration() {
+    this(ErrorProneFlags.empty());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a customized {@link Slf4jLoggerDeclaration}.
+   *
+   * @param flags Any provided command line flags.
+   */
+  @Inject
+  Slf4jLoggerDeclaration(ErrorProneFlags flags) {
+    canonicalStaticFieldName =
+        flags.get(CANONICAL_STATIC_LOGGER_NAME_FLAG).orElse(DEFAULT_CANONICAL_LOGGER_NAME);
+    canonicalInstanceFieldName =
+        CaseFormat.UPPER_UNDERSCORE.to(CaseFormat.LOWER_CAMEL, canonicalStaticFieldName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Description matchVariable(VariableTree tree, VisitorState state) {
+    ExpressionTree initializer = tree.getInitializer();
+    if (!IS_GET_LOGGER.matches(initializer, state)) {
+      return Description.NO_MATCH;
+    }
+
+    ClassTree clazz = getEnclosingClass(state);
+    ExpressionTree factoryArg =
+        Iterables.getOnlyElement(((MethodInvocationTree) initializer).getArguments());
+
+    SuggestedFix.Builder fix = SuggestedFix.builder();
+
+    if (clazz.getModifiers().getFlags().contains(Modifier.ABSTRACT)
+        && IS_DYNAMIC_ENCLOSING_CLASS_REFERENCE.matches(factoryArg, state)) {
+      /*
+       * While generally we prefer `Logger` declarations to be static and named after their
+       * enclosing class, we allow one exception: loggers in abstract classes with a name derived
+       * from `getClass()`.
+       */
+      suggestModifiers(tree, INSTANCE_DECLARATION_MODIFIERS, fix, state);
+      suggestRename(tree, canonicalInstanceFieldName, fix, state);
+    } else {
+      suggestModifiers(
+          tree,
+          clazz.getKind() == Kind.INTERFACE ? ImmutableSet.of() : STATIC_DECLARATION_MODIFIERS,
+          fix,
+          state);
+      suggestRename(tree, canonicalStaticFieldName, fix, state);
+
+      if (!MoreASTHelpers.isStringTyped(factoryArg, state)
+          && !IS_STATIC_ENCLOSING_CLASS_REFERENCE.matches(factoryArg, state)) {
+        /*
+         * Loggers with a custom string name are generally "special", but those with a name derived
+         * from a class other than the one that encloses it are likely in error.
+         */
+        fix.merge(SuggestedFix.replace(factoryArg, clazz.getSimpleName() + ".class"));
+      }
+    }
+
+    return fix.isEmpty() ? Description.NO_MATCH : describeMatch(tree, fix.build());
+  }
+
+  private static void suggestModifiers(
+      VariableTree tree,
+      ImmutableSet<Modifier> modifiers,
+      SuggestedFix.Builder fixBuilder,
+      VisitorState state) {
+    ModifiersTree modifiersTree =
+        requireNonNull(ASTHelpers.getModifiers(tree), "`VariableTree` must have modifiers");
+    SuggestedFixes.addModifiers(tree, modifiersTree, state, modifiers).ifPresent(fixBuilder::merge);
+    SuggestedFixes.removeModifiers(
+            modifiersTree, state, Sets.difference(EnumSet.allOf(Modifier.class), modifiers))
+        .ifPresent(fixBuilder::merge);
+  }
+
+  private static void suggestRename(
+      VariableTree variableTree, String name, SuggestedFix.Builder fixBuilder, VisitorState state) {
+    if (!variableTree.getName().contentEquals(name)) {
+      fixBuilder.merge(SuggestedFixes.renameVariable(variableTree, name, state));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isEnclosingClassReference(ExpressionTree tree, VisitorState state) {
+    return ASTHelpers.getSymbol(getEnclosingClass(state)).equals(ASTHelpers.getSymbol(tree));
+  }
+
+  private static boolean getClassReceiverIsEnclosingClassInstance(
+      MethodInvocationTree getClassInvocationTree, VisitorState state) {
+    ExpressionTree receiver = ASTHelpers.getReceiver(getClassInvocationTree);
+    if (receiver == null) {
+      /*
+       * Method invocations without an explicit receiver either involve static methods (possibly
+       * statically imported), or instance methods invoked on the enclosing class. As the given
+       * `getClassInvocationTree` is guaranteed to be a nullary `#getClass()` invocation, the latter
+       * must be the case.
+       */
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    Symbol symbol = ASTHelpers.getSymbol(receiver);
+    return symbol != null
+        && symbol.asType().tsym.equals(ASTHelpers.getSymbol(getEnclosingClass(state)));
+  }
+
+  private static ClassTree getEnclosingClass(VisitorState state) {
+    ClassTree clazz = state.findEnclosing(ClassTree.class);
+    // XXX: Review whether we should relax this constraint in the face of so-called anonymous
+    // classes. See
+    // https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/23/language/implicitly-declared-classes-and-instance-main-methods.html
+    verify(clazz != null, "Variable not defined inside class");
+    return clazz;
+  }
+}