ci(python): ensure wheel/sdist builds are tested in CI

[mcous]

Overview

After I so rudely broke the opentrons_shared_data build with #9822, I figured it'd be smart to add wheel/sdist builds to regular CI for api + robot-server + shared-data to save us from ourselves in the future.

Changelog

• ci(python): ensure wheel/sdist builds are tested in CI

Review requests

Check out the CI config file changes and inspect the CI runs of:

• API test/lint/deploy
• Robot server lint/test
• shared-data test/lint/deploy

Risk assessment

Hopefully low! More CI checks for more safety in the future, especially when messing with setup.py et. al.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #9848 (52cc889) into edge (95f8e9c) will not change coverage.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             edge    #9848   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   75.29%   75.29%           
=======================================
  Files        2003     2003           
  Lines       53126    53126           
  Branches     5159     5159           
=======================================
  Hits        40001    40001           
  Misses      12111    12111           
  Partials     1014     1014           

Flag	Coverage Δ
app	71.50% <ø> (ø)
notify-server	89.17% <ø> (ø)
protocol-designer	44.51% <ø> (ø)
shared-data	85.02% <ø> (ø)
step-generation	90.33% <ø> (ø)

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[DerekMaggio]

This looks good to me. Thank you for fixing all this so quickly :)