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nickynicolson committed Dec 1, 2022
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A decade after electronic publication was adopted by the botanical community with the hope that it would make plant diversity information more openly and widely accessible, it is clear that despite initial uptake [@nicolson_impact_2017], we show that xx % of the literature associated with new names for taxa remains undiscoverable by by electronic means (Fig. X). This does not mean that this information is not available in electronic space, but the lack of identifiers means that searching for, retrieving and ultimately refinding such resources is time-consuming and can be costly. This may not seem a problem for individuals and institutions with access to computers and server time, but for those botanists working in institutions where a single computer is available for all staff or who use mobile data for searches, this is a significant barrier.

We outline below some specific recommendations for actions that could aid accessibility to resources and future research that can further analyse the situation:
We outline below some specific recommendations for actions that could aid accessibility to resources and future research that can further analyse the situation.

## Recommendations

**Authors** publishing new taxa in books should encourage deposition of taxonomic data in repositories eg. descriptions in treatment bank [@agosti_possible_2022] or other suitable repository [@miralles_repositories_2020]. Authors producing large taxonomic revisions including type citation information should mobilise these as material citation datasets to GBIF.
Auhtors should include specimen catalogue numbers or persistent urls when citing specimens [@nelson_use_2018] and nomenclators should capture these identifiers for types to assist discovery and reuse of the specimen data.

**Nomenclators** have a potential role in promoting the understanding of open access amongst both authors and users of nomenclature. We recommend that flags are displayed alongside nomenclatural act records to indicate the OA status of the containing work. The publication record could also indicate its presence in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).
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**Journals** which currently publish online but which do not assign DOIs to their content (categorised as undiscoverable in this analysis), should assign DOIs. There could be a role for collaborative projects like the Biodiversity Heritage Library (who are assigning DOIs to historic content through initiatives such as their RetroPIDSs project) to also assign DOIs to more recent content which they display - eg articles in the title "Phytoneuron" which are archived in BHL and include ==1646== currently undiscoverable nomenclatural acts. Eligible journals should register in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).

**Publishers** could shorten the embargo period for articles with nomenclatural content, to allow broader dissemination through self-archiving.

**Future research work**: ability to use OA
**Publishers** could shorten the embargo period for articles with nomenclatural content, to allow broader dissemination through self-archiving. Publishers should also waive or lower publication costs for primary biodiversity data encouraging...

- examination of affiliations
- career stage seniority
- collaboration makeup
- roles (nomenclatural acts where author is also collector)
As a botanical community we should facilitate and increase digitisation of herbaria to mobilise specimen data to promote research [@nelson_history_2019] [@hedrick_digitization_2020]

## Future research work

We propose future work on better understanding participants ability to use Open Access,by examining information that can be derived from authors and places of publication such as affiliations, career stage seniority, collaboration makeup and roles (collectors of specimen material from the field, identifiers of material in institutional collections and authors of published taxonomic work).

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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions references.bib
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file = {Hedrick_et_al_2020_.pdf}
}

@article{nelson_history_2019-1,
@article{nelson_history_2019,
title = {The History and Impact of Digitization and Digital Data Mobilization on Biodiversity Research},
author = {Nelson, Gil and Ellis, Shari},
date = {2019-01-07},
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keywords = {Anthropocene,biodiversity,data mobilization,digital data,digitization,iDigBio},
file = {Nelson_et_al_2019_.pdf}
}
@article{nelson_use_2018-1,
@article{nelson_use_2018,
title = {Use of Globally Unique Identifiers ({{GUIDs}}) to Link Herbarium Specimen Records to Physical Specimens},
author = {Nelson, Gil and Sweeney, Patrick and Gilbert, Edward},
date = {2018-03-07},
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