calamares: fix errors and update modules

[vlinkz]

Description of changes

Same as #184061 without pinging everyone and targeting staging.

Changes that fix the calamares installer on unstable, update versions, and add more stability by adding a backup network check url.

Things done

• Update calamares to 0.3.59
• Add SUPPORTED file to glibcLocales
• Make calamares read that SUPPORTED files to find suitable locales
  • fixes Error: unsupported locales detected #180935
  • Caused as a side effect of nixos/i18n: don't build all supportedLocales by default #177318
• Add https://cache.nixos.org connectivity check
  • fixes Add more connectivity check URLs in case geoip.kde.org goes down calamares-nixos-extensions#11

• Built on platform(s)
  • x86_64-linux
  • aarch64-linux
  • x86_64-darwin
  • aarch64-darwin
• For non-Linux: Is sandbox = true set in nix.conf? (See Nix manual)
• Tested, as applicable:
  • NixOS test(s) (look inside nixos/tests)
  • and/or package tests
  • or, for functions and "core" functionality, tests in lib/tests or pkgs/test
  • made sure NixOS tests are linked to the relevant packages
• Tested compilation of all packages that depend on this change using nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review rev HEAD". Note: all changes have to be committed, also see nixpkgs-review usage
• Tested basic functionality of all binary files (usually in ./result/bin/)
• 22.11 Release Notes (or backporting 22.05 Release notes)
  • (Package updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is major or breaking
  • (Module updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is significant
  • (Module addition) Added a release notes entry if adding a new NixOS module
  • (Release notes changes) Ran nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh to update generated release notes
• Fits CONTRIBUTING.md.

[mweinelt]

Can you please rebase, so can see if the manual errors vanish?

[vlinkz]

Seems like everything passes now!