CI: update image with spack generated recipefile

[rem1776]

Description
Updates the dockerfile to use a spack generated one instead of a handwritten one that uses spack. The spack.yml and Dockerfile.template file generate the image.

Updates to the newest versions of gcc/gfortran and the rest of dependencies (besides hdf5, due to the issue with the FPE trapping flag). Also adds the libgomp package, which may fix some openmp inconsistencies we've seen in the CI.

How Has This Been Tested?
FMS make check and coupler null model build

Checklist:

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• My changes generate no new warnings
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules
• New check tests, if applicable, are included
• make distcheck passes

[rem1776]

@thomas-robinson gonna have to add one more commit to this PR, forgot I've been tagging the containers with the compiler versions they use so I'll need to update the tags used by the various workflows