Cleanup and minor CI bug fixes

[altheaden]

In this PR, I fixed a few minor issues:

1. The docs CI workflow was trying to reference a nonexistent variable to set the python version. I've changed this to reference a variable local to this file which will have to be manually changed if we want to build the docs in a later version of python (it's currently set to 3.10).
2. The build workflow was being skipped in relation to changes made in the setup.py file, but this should have been changed to pyproject.toml during Migrate setup procedures to pyproject.toml #1044
3. I added the fail-fast attribute to the build workflow so that jobs won't cancel other jobs if they fail, which will allow for more precise debugging for different python versions.
4. Some settings related to code linting were added during Migrate setup procedures to pyproject.toml #1044 and should not have been as we don't have pre-commit set up for MPAS-Analysis.
5. We prematurely dropped python 3.9 from CI, so I've added it back.

Checklist

• Testing comment in the PR documents testing used to verify the changes

[altheaden]

Testing

I pushed these changes to the develop branch of my fork and confirmed that each of the CI workflows ran successfully.

[xylar]

@altheaden, this all looks great. I appreciate the PYTHON_VERSION environment variable. That's a good fix.