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+<html lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><title>Funcion basics · Julia for Optimization and Learning</title><meta name="title" content="Funcion basics · Julia for Optimization and Learning"/><meta property="og:title" content="Funcion basics · Julia for Optimization and Learning"/><meta property="twitter:title" content="Funcion basics · Julia for Optimization and Learning"/><meta name="description" content="Documentation for Julia for Optimization and Learning."/><meta property="og:description" content="Documentation for Julia for Optimization and Learning."/><meta property="twitter:description" content="Documentation for Julia for Optimization and Learning."/><script data-outdated-warner src="../../assets/warner.js"></script><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lato-font/3.0.0/css/lato-font.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><link 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type="image/x-icon"/></head><body><div id="documenter"><nav class="docs-sidebar"><a class="docs-logo" href="../../"><img class="docs-light-only" src="../../assets/logo.svg" alt="Julia for Optimization and Learning logo"/><img class="docs-dark-only" src="../../assets/logo-dark.svg" alt="Julia for Optimization and Learning logo"/></a><div class="docs-package-name"><span class="docs-autofit"><a href="../../">Julia for Optimization and Learning</a></span></div><button class="docs-search-query input is-rounded is-small is-clickable my-2 mx-auto py-1 px-2" id="documenter-search-query">Search docs (Ctrl + /)</button><ul class="docs-menu"><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../">Home</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../why/">Why Julia?</a></li><li><input class="collapse-toggle" id="menuitem-3" type="checkbox"/><label class="tocitem" for="menuitem-3"><span class="docs-label">Installation</span><i class="docs-chevron"></i></label><ul class="collapsed"><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../installation/installation/">Installation</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../installation/tutorial/">Quickstart guide</a></li></ul></li><li><input class="collapse-toggle" id="menuitem-4" type="checkbox"/><label class="tocitem" for="menuitem-4"><span class="docs-label">1: Basics I</span><i class="docs-chevron"></i></label><ul class="collapsed"><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_01/variables/">Variables</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_01/operators/">Elementary functions</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_01/strings/">Strings</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_01/arrays/">Arrays</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_01/data_structures/">Data structures</a></li></ul></li><li><input class="collapse-toggle" id="menuitem-5" type="checkbox" checked/><label class="tocitem" for="menuitem-5"><span class="docs-label">2: Basics II</span><i class="docs-chevron"></i></label><ul class="collapsed"><li class="is-active"><a class="tocitem" href>Funcion basics</a><ul class="internal"><li><a class="tocitem" href="#Function-basics"><span>Function basics</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../conditions/">Conditional evaluations</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../loops/">Loops and iterators</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../scope/">Soft local scope</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../exercises/">Exercises</a></li></ul></li><li><input class="collapse-toggle" id="menuitem-6" type="checkbox"/><label class="tocitem" for="menuitem-6"><span class="docs-label">3: Packages</span><i class="docs-chevron"></i></label><ul class="collapsed"><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_03/standardlibrary/">Standard library</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_03/pkg/">Package manager</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_03/Plots/">Plots.jl</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_03/DataFrames/">DataFrames.jl</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_03/otherpackages/">Other useful packages</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_03/interaction/">Interaction with other languages</a></li></ul></li><li><input class="collapse-toggle" id="menuitem-7" type="checkbox"/><label class="tocitem" for="menuitem-7"><span class="docs-label">4: Functions and methods</span><i class="docs-chevron"></i></label><ul class="collapsed"><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_04/functions/">Functions</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_04/methods/">Methods</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_04/scope/">Scope of variables</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_04/exceptions/">Exception handling</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_04/exercises/">Exercises</a></li></ul></li><li><input class="collapse-toggle" id="menuitem-8" type="checkbox"/><label class="tocitem" for="menuitem-8"><span class="docs-label">5: Type system and generic programming</span><i class="docs-chevron"></i></label><ul class="collapsed"><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_05/compositetypes/">Abstract and composite types</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_05/currencies/">Generic programming</a></li></ul></li><li><input class="collapse-toggle" id="menuitem-9" type="checkbox"/><label class="tocitem" for="menuitem-9"><span class="docs-label">6: Code organization I</span><i class="docs-chevron"></i></label><ul class="collapsed"><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_06_07/modules/">Files and modules</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_06_07/develop/">Package development</a></li></ul></li><li><span class="tocitem">7: Code organization II</span></li><li><input class="collapse-toggle" id="menuitem-11" type="checkbox"/><label class="tocitem" for="menuitem-11"><span class="docs-label">8: Optimization</span><i class="docs-chevron"></i></label><ul class="collapsed"><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_08/theory/">Introduction to continuous optimization</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_08/gradients/">Gradients</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_08/unconstrained/">Unconstrained optimization</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_08/constrained/">Constrained optimization</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_08/exercises/">Exercises</a></li></ul></li><li><input class="collapse-toggle" id="menuitem-12" type="checkbox"/><label class="tocitem" for="menuitem-12"><span class="docs-label">9: Regression and classification</span><i class="docs-chevron"></i></label><ul class="collapsed"><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_09/theory/">Introduction to regression and classification</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_09/linear/">Linear regression</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_09/logistic/">Logistic regression</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_09/exercises/">Exercises</a></li></ul></li><li><input class="collapse-toggle" id="menuitem-13" type="checkbox"/><label class="tocitem" for="menuitem-13"><span class="docs-label">10: Neural networks I.</span><i class="docs-chevron"></i></label><ul class="collapsed"><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_10/theory/">Theory of neural networks</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_10/nn/">Neural networks</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_10/exercises/">Exercises</a></li></ul></li><li><input class="collapse-toggle" id="menuitem-14" type="checkbox"/><label class="tocitem" for="menuitem-14"><span class="docs-label">11: Neural networks II.</span><i class="docs-chevron"></i></label><ul class="collapsed"><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_11/theory/">Theory of neural networks</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_11/iris/">Introduction to Flux</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_11/nn/">More complex networks</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_11/exercises/">Exercises</a></li></ul></li><li><input class="collapse-toggle" id="menuitem-15" type="checkbox"/><label class="tocitem" for="menuitem-15"><span class="docs-label">12: Statistics</span><i class="docs-chevron"></i></label><ul class="collapsed"><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_12/sparse/">Linear regression with sparse constraints</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_12/monte/">Monte Carlo sampling</a></li><li><a class="tocitem" href="../../lecture_12/glm/">Linear regression revisited</a></li></ul></li></ul><div class="docs-version-selector field has-addons"><div class="control"><span class="docs-label button is-static is-size-7">Version</span></div><div class="docs-selector control is-expanded"><div class="select is-fullwidth is-size-7"><select id="documenter-version-selector"></select></div></div></div></nav><div class="docs-main"><header class="docs-navbar"><a class="docs-sidebar-button docs-navbar-link fa-solid fa-bars is-hidden-desktop" id="documenter-sidebar-button" href="#"></a><nav class="breadcrumb"><ul class="is-hidden-mobile"><li><a class="is-disabled">2: Basics II</a></li><li class="is-active"><a href>Funcion basics</a></li></ul><ul class="is-hidden-tablet"><li class="is-active"><a href>Funcion basics</a></li></ul></nav><div class="docs-right"><a class="docs-navbar-link" href="https://github.com/JuliaTeachingCTU/Julia-for-Optimization-and-Learning" title="View the repository on GitHub"><span class="docs-icon fa-brands"></span><span class="docs-label is-hidden-touch">GitHub</span></a><a class="docs-navbar-link" href="https://github.com/JuliaTeachingCTU/Julia-for-Optimization-and-Learning/blob/master/docs/src/lecture_02/functions.md" title="Edit source on GitHub"><span class="docs-icon fa-solid"></span></a><a class="docs-settings-button docs-navbar-link fa-solid fa-gear" id="documenter-settings-button" href="#" title="Settings"></a><a class="docs-article-toggle-button fa-solid fa-chevron-up" id="documenter-article-toggle-button" href="javascript:;" title="Collapse all docstrings"></a></div></header><article class="content" id="documenter-page"><h2 id="Function-basics"><a class="docs-heading-anchor" href="#Function-basics">Function basics</a><a id="Function-basics-1"></a><a class="docs-heading-anchor-permalink" href="#Function-basics" title="Permalink"></a></h2><p>So far, we did not show how to define functions. In Julia, a function is an object that maps a tuple of argument values to a return value. There are multiple ways to create a function. Each of them is useful in different situations. The following example shows the basic way how to define a function using <code>function ... end</code> syntax </p><pre><code class="language-julia hljs">function quadratic(x::Real; a::Real = 1, b::Real = 1, c::Real = 1)
+    value = a*x^2 + b*x + c 
+    deriv = 2* a*x + b
+
+    return value, deriv
+end</code></pre><p>The function definition consists of multiple parts:</p><ul><li>keywords <code>function</code> and <code>end</code></li><li>function name <code>quadratic</code></li><li>positional argument <code>x</code> with type annotation</li><li>separator <code>;</code> of positional and keyword arguments  </li><li>keyword arguments <code>a</code>, <code>b</code> and <code>c</code> with type annotations and default values</li><li>actual code that computed the output values</li><li><code>return</code> keyword that specifies the function output followed by comma separated list of output values</li></ul><p>Note that not all parts of the function definition above are mandatory. The following parts are optional:</p><ul><li>type annotations</li><li>separator of positinal and keywor arguments</li><li><code>return</code> keyword</li></ul><p>However, we highly recommend to use these optional features when writing own functions, since it will improve code readibility and prevent unwanted errors. </p><p>We will discuss the function declaration in more detail <a href="../../lecture_04/functions/#Functions">later</a>.</p></article><nav class="docs-footer"><a class="docs-footer-prevpage" href="../../lecture_01/data_structures/">« Data structures</a><a class="docs-footer-nextpage" href="../conditions/">Conditional evaluations »</a><div class="flexbox-break"></div><p class="footer-message">Powered by <a href="https://github.com/JuliaDocs/Documenter.jl">Documenter.jl</a> and the <a href="https://julialang.org/">Julia Programming Language</a>.</p></nav></div><div class="modal" id="documenter-settings"><div class="modal-background"></div><div class="modal-card"><header class="modal-card-head"><p class="modal-card-title">Settings</p><button class="delete"></button></header><section class="modal-card-body"><p><label class="label">Theme</label><div class="select"><select id="documenter-themepicker"><option value="auto">Automatic (OS)</option><option value="documenter-light">documenter-light</option><option value="documenter-dark">documenter-dark</option><option value="catppuccin-latte">catppuccin-latte</option><option value="catppuccin-frappe">catppuccin-frappe</option><option value="catppuccin-macchiato">catppuccin-macchiato</option><option value="catppuccin-mocha">catppuccin-mocha</option></select></div></p><hr/><p>This document was generated with <a href="https://github.com/JuliaDocs/Documenter.jl">Documenter.jl</a> version 1.7.0 on <span class="colophon-date" title="Sunday 22 September 2024 08:11">Sunday 22 September 2024</span>. Using Julia version 1.10.5.</p></section><footer class="modal-card-foot"></footer></div></div></div></body></html>
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