effects: relax recursion detection for effects analysis

In a similar spirit to #40561, we can relax the recursion detection to
guarantee `:terminates` effect and allow the effects analysis to not
taint `:terminates` effect when there are no cycles in `MethodInstance`s
in a call graph.

fix #45781

base/compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl

@@ -653,14 +653,43 @@ function abstract_call_method(interp::AbstractInterpreter, method::Method, @nosp
         # this edge is known to terminate
         edge_effects = Effects(edge_effects; terminates=ALWAYS_TRUE)
     elseif edgecycle
-        # Some sort of recursion was detected. Even if we did not limit types,
-        # we cannot guarantee that the call will terminate
-        edge_effects = Effects(edge_effects; terminates=TRISTATE_UNKNOWN)
+        # Some sort of recursion was detected.
+        if edge !== nothing && !edgelimited && !is_edge_recursed(edge, sv)
+            # no `MethodInstance` cycles -- don't taint :terminate
+        else
+            # we cannot guarantee that the call will terminate
+            edge_effects = Effects(edge_effects; terminates=ALWAYS_FALSE)
+        end
     end
     return MethodCallResult(rt, edgecycle, edgelimited, edge, edge_effects)
 end
 
-# keeps result and context information of abstract method call, will be used by succeeding constant-propagation
+function is_edge_recursed(edge::MethodInstance, sv::InferenceState)
+    return any(InfStackUnwind(sv)) do infstate
+        return edge === infstate.linfo
+    end
+end
+
+function is_method_recursed(method::Method, sv::InferenceState)
+    return any(InfStackUnwind(sv)) do infstate
+        return method === infstate.linfo.def
+    end
+end
+
+function is_constprop_edge_recursed(edge::MethodInstance, sv::InferenceState)
+    return any(InfStackUnwind(sv)) do infstate
+        return edge === infstate.linfo && any(infstate.result.overridden_by_const)
+    end
+end
+
+function is_constprop_method_recursed(method::Method, sv::InferenceState)
+    return any(InfStackUnwind(sv)) do infstate
+        return method === infstate.linfo.def && any(infstate.result.overridden_by_const)
+    end
+end
+
+# keeps result and context information of abstract_method_call, which will later be used for
+# backedge computation, and concrete evaluation or constant-propagation
 struct MethodCallResult
     rt
     edgecycle::Bool
@@ -802,17 +831,14 @@ function abstract_call_method_with_const_args(interp::AbstractInterpreter, resul
     if inf_result === nothing
         # if there might be a cycle, check to make sure we don't end up
         # calling ourselves here.
-        let result = result # prevent capturing
-            if result.edgecycle && _any(InfStackUnwind(sv)) do infstate
-                    # if the type complexity limiting didn't decide to limit the call signature (`result.edgelimited = false`)
-                    # we can relax the cycle detection by comparing `MethodInstance`s and allow inference to
-                    # propagate different constant elements if the recursion is finite over the lattice
-                    return (result.edgelimited ? match.method === infstate.linfo.def : mi === infstate.linfo) &&
-                            any(infstate.result.overridden_by_const)
-                end
-                add_remark!(interp, sv, "[constprop] Edge cycle encountered")
-                return nothing
-            end
+        if result.edgecycle && (result.edgelimited ?
+            is_constprop_method_recursed(match.method, sv) :
+            # if the type complexity limiting didn't decide to limit the call signature (`result.edgelimited = false`)
+            # we can relax the cycle detection by comparing `MethodInstance`s and allow inference to
+            # propagate different constant elements if the recursion is finite over the lattice
+            is_constprop_edge_recursed(mi, sv))
+            add_remark!(interp, sv, "[constprop] Edge cycle encountered")
+            return nothing
         end
         inf_result = InferenceResult(mi, (arginfo, sv))
         if !any(inf_result.overridden_by_const)