Remove unsafe references from CLI and Formulary code

[dduugg]

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Relates to #18777

I cleaned up some unnecessary unsafe and active-support-ish code in the CLI, to help with #18847

Because of how the code is coupled to Formulary, I did the same there as well. I find the resulting code better to follow as well, there was a lot of options munging to avoid nil passing. (I think that strategy can be beneficial when used occasionally, but not so much in this specific instance.)

[MikeMcQuaid]

Looks good, thanks!