Rollup merge of rust-lang#88412 - mdsn:slice-sort-safety, r=dtolnay

Remove ignore-tidy-undocumented-unsafe from core::slice::sort

Write down the missing safety arguments to be able to remove `ignore-tidy-undocumented-unsafe` from `core::slice::sort`.

Helps with rust-lang#66219

`@rustbot` label C-cleanup T-libs

library/core/src/slice/sort.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 //! Unstable sorting is compatible with libcore because it doesn't allocate memory, unlike our
 //! stable sorting implementation.
 
-// ignore-tidy-undocumented-unsafe
-
 use crate::cmp;
 use crate::mem::{self, MaybeUninit};
 use crate::ptr;
@@ -291,6 +289,9 @@ where
             } else if start_r < end_r {
                 block_l = rem;
             } else {
+                // There were the same number of elements to switch on both blocks during the last
+                // iteration, so there are no remaining elements on either block. Cover the remaining
+                // items with roughly equally-sized blocks.
                 block_l = rem / 2;
                 block_r = rem - block_l;
             }
@@ -437,6 +438,17 @@ where
         // Move its remaining out-of-order elements to the far right.
         debug_assert_eq!(width(l, r), block_l);
         while start_l < end_l {
+            // remaining-elements-safety
+            // SAFETY: while the loop condition holds there are still elements in `offsets_l`, so it
+            // is safe to point `end_l` to the previous element.
+            //
+            // The `ptr::swap` is safe if both its arguments are valid for reads and writes:
+            //  - Per the debug assert above, the distance between `l` and `r` is `block_l`
+            //    elements, so there can be at most `block_l` remaining offsets between `start_l`
+            //    and `end_l`. This means `r` will be moved at most `block_l` steps back, which
+            //    makes the `r.offset` calls valid (at that point `l == r`).
+            //  - `offsets_l` contains valid offsets into `v` collected during the partitioning of
+            //    the last block, so the `l.offset` calls are valid.
             unsafe {
                 end_l = end_l.offset(-1);
                 ptr::swap(l.offset(*end_l as isize), r.offset(-1));
@@ -449,6 +461,7 @@ where
         // Move its remaining out-of-order elements to the far left.
         debug_assert_eq!(width(l, r), block_r);
         while start_r < end_r {
+            // SAFETY: See the reasoning in [remaining-elements-safety].
             unsafe {
                 end_r = end_r.offset(-1);
                 ptr::swap(l, r.offset(-(*end_r as isize) - 1));
@@ -481,6 +494,8 @@ where
 
         // Read the pivot into a stack-allocated variable for efficiency. If a following comparison
         // operation panics, the pivot will be automatically written back into the slice.
+
+        // SAFETY: `pivot` is a reference to the first element of `v`, so `ptr::read` is safe.
         let mut tmp = mem::ManuallyDrop::new(unsafe { ptr::read(pivot) });
         let _pivot_guard = CopyOnDrop { src: &mut *tmp, dest: pivot };
         let pivot = &*tmp;
@@ -646,6 +661,12 @@ where
 
     if len >= 8 {
         // Swaps indices so that `v[a] <= v[b]`.
+        // SAFETY: `len >= 8` so there are at least two elements in the neighborhoods of
+        // `a`, `b` and `c`. This means the three calls to `sort_adjacent` result in
+        // corresponding calls to `sort3` with valid 3-item neighborhoods around each
+        // pointer, which in turn means the calls to `sort2` are done with valid
+        // references. Thus the `v.get_unchecked` calls are safe, as is the `ptr::swap`
+        // call.
         let mut sort2 = |a: &mut usize, b: &mut usize| unsafe {
             if is_less(v.get_unchecked(*b), v.get_unchecked(*a)) {
                 ptr::swap(a, b);