Computer refactor part 2 (#37299)

* Remove unnecessary/unused members of class computer

* Make name and mission_id of computer private

* Make alerts a member of computer

* Move initialization of next_attempt to constructor

* Replace shutdown_terminal with reset_terminal

* Check option enum instead of (translated) option string

* Migrate computer_action and computer_failure_type to use enum conversion

* Use JSON (de)serialization in class computer

* Lift ordering restriction of computer_action and computer_failure_type

* Remove COMPACT_OBSOLETE

* Fix COMPFAIL_DESTROY_DATA range

* Remove const modifiers in function declarations

Co-Authored-By: ZhilkinSerg <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: ZhilkinSerg <[email protected]>