ubuntu-commands

List of all commands used in terminal

File and Directory Management

• ls: Lists files and directories in the current directory.
• cd: Changes the current directory.
• pwd: Prints the current working directory.
• mkdir: Creates a new directory.
• rmdir: Removes an empty directory.
• rm: Removes files or directories.
• cp: Copies files or directories.
• mv: Moves or renames files or directories.
• touch: Creates an empty file or updates the timestamp of an existing file.
• find: Searches for files and directories.
• locate: Finds files by name.

File Viewing and Editing

• cat: Concatenates and displays file content.
• less: Views file content one screen at a time.
• more: Views file content one screen at a time (less advanced than less).
• head: Displays the first few lines of a file.
• tail: Displays the last few lines of a file.
• nano: Simple text editor.
• vim: Advanced text editor.
• gedit: Graphical text editor.

File Compression and Archiving

• tar: Archives files (e.g., tar -cvf archive.tar directory).
• gzip: Compresses files.
• gunzip: Decompresses files.
• zip: Compresses files into a ZIP archive.
• unzip: Extracts files from a ZIP archive.

System Information and Management

• uname: Displays system information.
• top: Displays running processes.
• htop: Interactive process viewer (more advanced than top).
• ps: Displays a snapshot of current processes.
• df: Displays disk space usage.
• du: Displays directory space usage.
• free: Displays memory usage.
• uptime: Shows how long the system has been running.
• who: Shows who is logged into the system.

User Management

• adduser: Adds a new user.
• deluser: Deletes a user.
• passwd: Changes a user's password.
• usermod: Modifies user account information.
• groupadd: Adds a new group.
• groupdel: Deletes a group.
• groups: Shows the groups a user is a member of.

Package Management

• apt update: Updates the package list.
• apt upgrade: Upgrades all installed packages to their latest versions.
• apt install: Installs a package.
• apt remove: Removes a package.
• apt purge: Removes a package and its configuration files.
• apt autoremove: Removes unnecessary packages.

Networking

• ifconfig: Displays network interfaces (deprecated, use ip).
• ip: Manages network interfaces and routing.
• ping: Tests connectivity to a host.
• netstat: Displays network connections, routing tables, interface statistics (deprecated, use ss).
• ss: Displays socket statistics.
• wget: Downloads files from the web.
• curl: Transfers data from or to a server.

Permissions and Ownership

• chmod: Changes file permissions.
• chown: Changes file owner and group.
• chgrp: Changes group ownership of a file.

Disk Management

• mount: Mounts a filesystem.
• umount: Unmounts a filesystem.
• fdisk: Disk partitioning tool.
• mkfs: Creates a filesystem on a device.
• fsck: Checks and repairs a filesystem.

Search and Filter

• grep: Searches text using patterns.
• awk: Pattern scanning and processing language.
• sed: Stream editor for filtering and transforming text.
• sort: Sorts lines of text files.
• uniq: Reports or filters out repeated lines in a file.

System Monitoring and Performance

• dmesg: Prints kernel and boot messages.
• vmstat: Reports virtual memory statistics.
• iostat: Reports CPU and I/O statistics.
• sar: Collects, reports, or saves system activity information.

Miscellaneous

• echo: Displays a line of text.
• date: Displays or sets the system date and time.
• cal: Displays a calendar.
• history: Displays the command history.
• alias: Creates an alias for a command.
• kill: Sends a signal to a process.
• xkill: Forces a window to close.