Introduce API for Circuit Breaker Strategy

[martintmk]

The issue or feature being addressed

Contributes to #1098

Details on the issue fix or feature implementation

This PR adds the public API for the circuit breaker strategy.

Usage:

// Advanced Circuit Breaker
builder
    .AddAdvancedCircuitBreaker(new AdvancedCircuitBreakerStrategyOptions
    {
        BreakDuration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),
        FailureThreshold = 0.4,
        OnOpened = new OutcomeEvent<OnCircuitOpenedArguments>().Register<double>(() => Console.WriteLine("Circuit opened!"))
    });

// Simple Circuit Breaker
builder
    .AddCircuitBreaker(new CircuitBreakerStrategyOptions
    {
        BreakDuration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),
        FailureThreshold = 90,
        OnOpened = new OutcomeEvent<OnCircuitOpenedArguments>().Register<double>(() => Console.WriteLine("Circuit opened!"))
    });

// Access control of Circuit Breaker
var manualControl = new CircuitBreakerManualControl();
var stateProvider = new CircuitBreakerStateProvider();

builder
    .AddAdvancedCircuitBreaker(new AdvancedCircuitBreakerStrategyOptions
    {
        BreakDuration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),
        FailureThreshold = 0.4,
        ManualControl = manualControl,
        StateProvider = stateProvider
    });

builder.Build();

await manualControl.IsolateAsync(CancellationToken.None);
var state = stateProvider.CircuitState;

No implementation yet, to be done in follow-up PRs. Some mutants to be killed but the API shape is ready for review.

Confirm the following

• I started this PR by branching from the head of the default branch
• I have targeted the PR to merge into the default branch
• I have included unit tests for the issue/feature
• I have successfully run a local build

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #1145 (5233ef6) into main (cec36cb) will increase coverage by 0.64%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

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@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1145      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   79.16%   79.81%   +0.64%     
==========================================
  Files         213      229      +16     
  Lines        5084     5198     +114     
  Branches      882      888       +6     
==========================================
+ Hits         4025     4149     +124     
+ Misses        854      844      -10     
  Partials      205      205              

Flag	Coverage Δ
linux	79.81% <100.00%> (+0.64%)	⬆️
macos	79.81% <100.00%> (?)
windows	79.81% <100.00%> (+0.64%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...r/AdvancedCircuitBreakerStrategyOptions.TResult.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...itBreaker/AdvancedCircuitBreakerStrategyOptions.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...eaker/BaseCircuitBreakerStrategyOptions.TResult.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...ircuitBreaker/BaseCircuitBreakerStrategyOptions.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...e/CircuitBreaker/BrokenCircuitException.TResult.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...olly.Core/CircuitBreaker/BrokenCircuitException.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...lly.Core/CircuitBreaker/CircuitBreakerConstants.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...Core/CircuitBreaker/CircuitBreakerManualControl.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...CircuitBreaker/CircuitBreakerPredicateArguments.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...CircuitBreaker/CircuitBreakerResilienceStrategy.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
... and 9 more

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[martincostello]

Nice work.