Merge pull request #196 from urko94/feature/asset-hub

Feature/asset hub

web3-services/11-asset-hub.md

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+# Asset Hub
+
+The **Asset Hub** is a dedicated parachain within the **Polkadot ecosystem** specializing in creating, managing, and tracking assets. These assets can represent various types, from a parachain’s native tokens to NFTs or on-chain representations of off-chain reserves. The Asset Hub acts as a central "home base" for assets within the network, maintaining a secure and trusted environment.
+
+---
+
+## Key Features
+
+### Asset Representation
+- **Sufficient Assets**: Assets deemed “sufficient” allow an account to exist without holding the native token (e.g., DOT or KSM).
+- **Non-Sufficient Assets**: Accounts holding non-sufficient assets require a minimum native token balance to remain on-chain.
+- **Asset Conversion**: Enables token conversions through an automated market maker (AMM) for any assets with sufficient liquidity.
+
+### Asset Creation and Management
+Anyone with sufficient funds can create assets on the Asset Hub by reserving a deposit. When creating an asset:
+- **Unique Asset ID**: A unique `AssetId` (u32 integer) is assigned, serving as a canonical identifier.
+- **Metadata**: Each asset can have associated metadata, like links to off-chain resources (e.g., IPFS).
+- **Privileged Roles**: The asset creator can assign roles, such as owner, issuer, admin, and freezer, which determine permissions for tasks like minting, burning, and freezing.
+
+---
+
+## Advanced Management and Features
+
+### Transaction Fees and Payments
+- **Sufficient Asset Fees**: Assets deemed sufficient can cover transaction fees without requiring the native token.
+- **Polkadot-JS UI**: Users must pay transaction fees in the native token on Polkadot-JS UI, regardless of sufficient asset holdings.
+
+### Cross-Chain Accounting and Asset Transfer
+Asset Hub tracks cross-chain transfers and supports reserve-backed assets across parachains, allowing asset owners to monitor total issuance and manage transfers securely.
+
+### Application Development Interface
+Developers can use `approve_transfer`, `transfer_approved`, and `cancel_approval` functions for user-authorized transfers, enabling controlled asset movements within applications.
+
+---
+
+## Transferring and Destroying Assets
+
+### Transferring Assets
+- **Simple Transfers**: Users can transfer both fungible and non-fungible assets, with additional functions like `transfer_keep_alive` to ensure accounts remain active post-transfer.
+- **NFT Transfers**: NFTs can be transferred and approved for third-party transfers by applications.
+
+### Freezing Assets
+Asset creators can freeze assets via specific function (`assets.freezeAsset`).
+
+---
+
+## Application and Advanced Use Cases
+
+### Multisig and Proxy Accounts
+Although the Asset Hub does not support smart contracts, users can leverage Multisig and Proxy accounts to replicate common contract functions such as multi-signature approvals and delegations.
+
+### Reserve-Backed Transfers
+The Asset Hub tracks assets sent across parachains, maintaining accurate reserves and preventing over-issuance by ensuring that cross-chain transactions follow network protocols.
+
+---
+
+### Additional Resources
+
+For additional technical guidance, video tutorials, and step-by-step instructions on creating, transferring, and managing assets, please refer to the official [Asset Hub documentation](https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/learn-assets).