Examples of solving captchas using the Python programming language, and the 2captcha-python and Selenium libraries.
This repository contains examples of automation of solving the most popular types of captcha, such as reCAPTCHA, Cloudflare Turnstile, Cloudflare Challenge page, normal captcha and others. Selenium library is used for browser automation in the examples. The 2Captcha service is used for solving captchas, therefore, for the correct work of the examples it is necessary to have an account in the captcha solving service service with a positive balance, or you can try to test it using sandbox mode to solve captchas manually.
Also, for proxy examples to work correctly, you need to have your own proxy and set it in the example code. The examples of captcha automation solving use captchas located on the captchas demo pages.
We have our own proxies that we can offer you. Buy residential proxies to avoid restrictions and blocks. Quick start. Official 2Captcha webpage for selenium captcha solver.
- Code examples of solving captchas in python using selenium
git clone [email protected]:2captcha/captcha-solver-selenium-python-examples.git
cd captcha-solver-selenium-python-examples
pip install -r requirements.txt
Set the APIKEY environment variable. You can get the APIKEY value in your personal 2captcha account.
export APIKEY=your_api_key
Go to the examples directory and run the required example.
Running the recaptcha_v2.py example:
cd examples/reCAPTCHA
python recaptcha_v2.py
Examples of captcha solving using Selenium are described below.
reCAPTCHA is one of the most popular captcha types. reCAPTCHA has different types. The approach to solving reCAPTCHA depends on the type of reCAPTCHA. reCAPTCHA is divided into two types, first type is reCAPTCHA V2 and second type is reCAPTCHA V3. Type reCAPTCHA V3 is characterized by the fact that the captcha task is not displayed and the captcha independently determines the user's rating, if as a result of checking the rating will be lower than required, then successfully pass the captcha will not be possible. Type reCAPTCHA V2 is characterized by the fact that the user is offered to pass the task with captcha, for example, to select all traffic lights on the displayed image.
Additionally, there are subspecies of reCAPTCHA such as:
In practice, you can often see two types of reCAPTCHA on a page. For example reCAPTCHA V3 and reCAPTCHA V2. First the user passes reCAPTCHA V3, then depending on the result of passing reCAPTCHA V3 the user may be shown reCAPTCHA V2 captcha. In case of successful passing of reCAPTCHA V3 the reCAPTCHA V2 captcha is not displayed, and in case of unsuccessful passing of reCAPTCHA V3 the user will be offered to pass additional verification with reCAPTCHA V2.
The reCAPTCHA bypass can also be complicated by the presence of additional parameters such as data-s. Example described in the article.
There are several fundamentally different ways to bypass reCAPTCHA V2:
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Token based solution - Solution of reCAPTCHA V2 on token based. In this case our worker receives a captcha sent to the service and solves it. The answer of the captcha is a token to be applied on the captcha page.
You can find examples of bypassing reCAPTCHA using a token-based method in the following directory: https://github.com/2captcha/captcha-solver-selenium-python-examples/tree/main/examples/reCAPTCHA.
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Grid - Solution of reCAPTCHA V2 using Grid method. In this case it is necessary to send to the service the source image with captcha, and the instruction to the captcha. The worker will receive the image and select the quadrants matching the requirements. The response returns the numbers of quadrants corresponding to the instructions sent. When solving captchas with this method, it is necessary to independently retrieve the original captcha image and instructions to the captcha. Then after receiving the answer, you need to click on the required squares by yourself.
This method can help to bypass complex reCAPTCHA implementations, for example, when it is difficult to figure out how to apply the token, or in cases when captcha traversal is intentionally complicated. The advantages of this approach are that the built-in logic of applying the token works when the token is applied. When solving in this way, it is necessary to pay attention to browser automation anti-detection, and take measures to hide the fact of browser automation.
Example of bypass for a reCAPTCHA v2 using the Grid method can be found in the repository: https://github.com/2captcha/selenium-recaptcha-solver-using-grid
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Coordinates - Solution of reCAPTCHA V2 using coordinates method. In this case it is necessary to send a screenshot of the captcha to the service. The instruction to the captcha can be contained in the captcha image itself or can be sent as a separate parameter. The employee receives the image and clicks with the mouse on the corresponding coordinates on the image. The response returns the coordinates of the clicks that correspond to the sent instructions. In this case it is also necessary to retrieve images and instructions to them independently, then, after receiving the response, it is necessary to click on the received coordinates independently.
This method can help to bypass complex reCAPTCHA implementations, for example, when it is difficult to figure out how to apply the token, or in cases when captcha traversal is intentionally complicated. The advantages of this approach are that the built-in logic of applying the token works when the token is applied. When solving in this way, it is necessary to pay attention to browser automation anti-detection, and take measures to hide the fact of browser automation.
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Audio - Solution of reCAPTCHA V2 with audio method. For people with disabilities reCAPTCHA has the functionality of passing captcha with the help of audio task. This method can be used as an alternative to the previous ones. To use this audio method, you need to capture an audio recording containing the task, then send the audio recording to the service using audio method. The response will contain the text contained in the audio recording. After receiving the response you need to use it on the page.
Token based reCAPTCHA V2 solution.
This example implements bypassing reCAPTCHA V2 captcha located on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/recaptcha-v2. Selenium library is used to automate browser actions. After receiving the solution result (token), the script automatically uses the received answer on the page with the captcha.
Source code: ./examples/reCAPTCAHA/recaptcha_v2.py
Token based reCAPTCHA V2 solution.
This example implements bypassing reCAPTCHA V2 captcha located on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/recaptcha-v2 using proxy. Selenium library is used to automate browser actions. After receiving the solution result (token), the script automatically uses the received answer on the page with the captcha.
From time to time when bypassing captchas there is a need to use proxies, in such cases it is important to use the same proxies both when loading the page and when solving the captcha itself. To do this, you need to pass the parameters of the proxy used with the parameters of the captcha, so that the captcha would be loaded and solved from the same ip address.
For the example to work correctly, you need to set the value of the proxy used in the example code.
Source code: ./examples/reCAPTCAHA/recaptcha_v2_proxy.py
Token based reCAPTCHA V2 with callback solutions.
In these examples implements bypassing reCAPTCHA V2 with callback located on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/recaptcha-v2-callback using different realizations. Selenium library is used to automate browser actions. After receiving the solution result (token), the script automatically uses the received answer on the page with the captcha.
Sometimes there's no submit button and a callback function is used isntead. The function is executed when reCAPTCHA is solved.
In this repository you can find three example implementations of the reCAPTCHA V2 with callback solution:
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recaptcha_v2_callback_variant1.py - The value of the
sitekeyparameter is extracted from the page code automaticly. The value of thecallbackfunction “verifyDemoRecaptcha()” is specified manually. The name of the “verifyDemoRecaptcha()” function may be different when bypassing captcha on another page. You need to fugure out the name of thecallbackfunction yourself and specify it in the code.Source code:
./examples/reCAPTCAHA/recaptcha_v2_callback_variant1.py -
recaptcha_v2_callback_variant2.py - Captcha parameters are determined automatically with the help of JavaScript script executed on the page.
Source code:
./examples/reCAPTCAHA/recaptcha_v2_callback_variant2.py -
recaptcha_v2_callback_proxy.py - This example describe below.
Source code:
./examples/reCAPTCAHA/recaptcha_v2_callback_proxy.py
Token based reCAPTCHA V2 with callback solutions using proxy.
In these example implements bypassing reCAPTCHA V2 with callback located on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/recaptcha-v2-callback using proxy. Selenium library is used to automate browser actions. After receiving the solution result (token), the script automatically uses the received answer on the page with the captcha.
For the example to work correctly, you need to set the value of the proxy used in the example code.
Source code: ./examples/reCAPTCAHA/recaptcha_v2_callback_proxy.py
Token based reCAPTCHA V3 solution.
This example demonstrates bypassing the reCAPTCHA V3 challenge on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/recaptcha-v3. The Selenium library automates browser interactions. Captcha parameters are determined automatically with the help of JavaScript script executed on the page. Upon obtaining the solution (token), the script programmatically applies the response to the captcha page.
Source code: ./examples/reCAPTCAHA/recaptcha_v3.py
Token based reCAPTCHA V3 solution.
This example demonstrates bypassing the reCAPTCHA V3 challenge on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/recaptcha-v3. The Selenium library automates browser interactions. Captcha parameters are determined automatically with the help of JavaScript extended script executed on the page. Upon obtaining the solution (token), the script programmatically applies the response to the captcha page.
Source code: ./examples/reCAPTCAHA/recaptcha_v3_extended_js_script.py
Token based reCAPTCHA V3 solution using proxy.
This example demonstrates bypassing the reCAPTCHA V3 challenge on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/recaptcha-v3. The Selenium library automates browser interactions. Captcha parameters are determined automatically with the help of JavaScript script on the page. Upon obtaining the solution (token), the script programmatically applies the response to the captcha page. A proxy is use during the captcha-solving process.
For the example to work correctly, you need to set the value of the proxy used in the example code.
Source code: ./examples/reCAPTCAHA/recaptcha_v3_proxy.py
Cloudflare is one of the most popular captcha types. Cloudflare has two types. First type is Cloudflare Turnstile and second type is Cloudflare challenge page.
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Cloudflare Turnstile - In this case, the captcha is displayed on the target page, the captcha badge is embedded in the target page code. An example of implementation is shown on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/cloudflare-turnstile.
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Cloudflare challenge - In this case, a redirect to the challenge page will occur to pass the captcha, as implemented here https://2captcha.com/demo/cloudflare-turnstile-challenge.
The approach to bypassing these two types is different, so you need to determine which type of Cloudflare you are facing. Read more about bypassing Cloudflare captcha types below.
Token-based Cloudflare Turnstile solution.
This example demonstrates how to bypass the Cloudflare Turnstile CAPTCHA located on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/cloudflare-turnstile. The Selenium library is used to automate browser actions and retrieve CAPTCHA parameters. To solve this type of Cloudflare CAPTCHA, it is necessary to send parameters such as pageurl and sitekey to the 2Captcha API. After receiving the solution result (token), the script automatically uses the received answer on the page.
Source code: ./examples/cloudflare/cloudflare_turnstile.py
Token-based Cloudflare Challenge page solution.
This example demonstrates how to bypass the Cloudflare Challenge located on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/cloudflare-turnstile-challenge. The Selenium library is used to automate browser actions and retrieve CAPTCHA parameters. To solve this type of Cloudflare CAPTCHA, it is necessary to send parameters such as pageurl,sitekey, action, data, pagedata, useragent to the 2Captcha API. After receiving the solution result (token), the script automatically uses the received answer on the page.
Note
When a web page first loads, some JavaScript functions and objects (such as window.turnstile) may already be initialized and executed. If the interception script is launched too late, this may lead to the fact that the necessary parameters will already be lost, or the script simply will not have time to intercept the right moment. Refreshing the page ensures that everything starts from scratch and you trigger the interception at the right time.
Source code: ./examples/cloudflare/cloudflare_challenge_page.py
Text captcha solutions.
In these example implements bypassing Text captcha located on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/text. Selenium library is used to automate browser actions. After receiving the solution result (token), the script automatically uses the received answer on the page with the captcha.
Source code: ./examples/text_captcha/text_captcha.py
Normal captcha is also one of the most popular types of captcha. Below are two examples of Normal captcha solutions. The examples differ in the way the captcha image is extracted from the page.
Normal captcha solutions.
In these example implements bypassing Normal captcha located on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/normal. Selenium library is used to automate browser actions. After receiving the solution result, the script automatically uses the received answer on the page with the captcha. In this example, the captcha image is retrieved by creating a screenshot of the captcha image.
Source code: ./examples/normal_captcha/normal_captcha_screenshot.py
Normal captcha solutions.
In these example implements bypassing Normal captcha located on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/normal. Selenium library is used to automate browser actions. After receiving the solution result, the script automatically uses the received answer on the page with the captcha. In this example, the captcha image is extracted using canvas.
Source code: ./examples/normal_captcha/normal_captcha_canvas.py
Normal captcha solutions using additional parameters.
In these example implements bypassing Normal captcha located on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/normal. Selenium library is used to automate browser actions. The captcha is sent using additional parameters such as numeric, minLen, maxLen, lang. Sending additional parameters allows you to increase the accuracy of the captcha solution. After receiving the solution result, the script automatically uses the received answer on the page with the captcha. In this example, the captcha image is extracted using canvas.
Source code: ./examples/normal_captcha/normal_captcha_screenshot_params.py
A coordinate captcha is a captcha in which you need to click on the image in corresponding to the instructions for the image.This example implements a bypass of the coordinate captcha located on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/clickcaptcha. The Selenium library is used to automate browser actions. After receiving the result of the solution, the script automatically clicks on the received coordinates on the captcha image.
Source code: ./examples/coordinates/coordinates.py
Token based MTCaptcha solutions.
In these example, we demonstrate bypassing MTCaptcha located on the page https://2captcha.com/demo/mtcaptcha. The Selenium library is utilized to automate browser actions. Upon receiving the solution result (token), the script automatically applies the obtained answer on the page containing the captcha.
Source code: ./examples/mtcaptcha/mtcaptcha.py
General algorithm for solving captchas using 2captcha service
The process of bypassing captcha with the help of 2captcha service can be divided into several main stages:
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Identifying the type of captcha on the target page.
You need to determine what type of captcha is located on the target page. In general, this is not difficult, as the captcha is usually clearly displayed on the page. In more complex cases, there may be several types of captcha on the page, or the captcha may be displayed not immediately but after certain actions.
You can try using 2captcha-detector tool to simplify captcha search on the page.
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Searching for captcha parameters.
After you have determined the type of captcha you need to solve, you need to find a list of mandatory parameters for this type of captcha in the documentation. Next, you need to find these captcha parameters on the target page.
Mostly these captcha parameters are static, but in some cases they are dynamic. In case you have dynamic captcha parameters, you need to get new values every time you receive a captcha, more details about it are described in the API documentation.
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Sending captcha to 2Captcha API.
After you have successfully defined the captcha parameters, you need to send the captcha parameters to the API 2captcha. In a successful case, the captcha id will be returned in response, which means that the captcha has been successfully passed to the worker for solving.
If the captcha parameters were sent correctly, the worker will solve the captcha you sent and you will be able to get the answer to the captcha using the received captcha id.
If for some reason the captcha could not be solved, you will receive a answer describing the error instead of the solution.
In the examples, the 2captcha-python library is used to interact with the 2Captcha API. There are also official libraries for other programming languages.
List of official libraries:
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Getting a captcha response.
Use the captcha id obtained in the previous step to get the captcha solution.
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Using of captcha answer.
After receiving the captcha solution, you need to correctly use the captcha solution on the target page. Standard methods of using the solution are described in the documentation and on demo pages.
In case the standard methods do not work, you need to figure out how the solution is used on the page. To do this, try to solve the captcha manually and understand how the captcha answer is used on the page.
The code in this repository is licensed under the MIT License. See the LICENSE file for more details.
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