Adds HeaderSHA256 predicate (#1905)

`HeaderSHA256` predicate matches SHA-256 hash of the configured header value.

```
go test ./predicates/auth/ -run NONE -bench BenchmarkHeaderSHA256Match -benchmem
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/zalando/skipper/predicates/auth
cpu: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8350U CPU @ 1.70GHz
BenchmarkHeaderSHA256Match-8     4675351               237.2 ns/op             0 B/op          0 allocs/op
```

Signed-off-by: Alexander Yastrebov <[email protected]>

docs/reference/predicates.md

@@ -378,6 +378,78 @@ JWTPayloadAllKVRegexp("iss", "^https://")
 JWTPayloadAnyKVRegexp("iss", "^https://")
 ```
 
+### HeaderSHA256
+
+Matches if SHA-256 hash of the header value (known as [pre-shared key](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-shared_key) or secret)
+equals to any of the configured hash values.
+Several hash values could be used to match multiple secrets e.g. during secret rotation.
+
+Hash values only hide secrets from parties that have access to the source of Skipper routes.
+Authentication strength depends on the strength of the secret value so e.g.
+`HeaderSHA256("X-Secret", "2bb80d537b1da3e38bd30361aa855686bde0eacd7162fef6a25fe97bf527a25b")`
+is not stronger than just `Header("X-Secret", "secret")`.
+
+The secret value must be kept secret, must be used by a single client and must be rotated periodically.
+See below how to generate random secret value using [OpenSSL](https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.1/man1/rand.html).
+
+Parameters:
+
+* header name (string)
+* one or more hex-encoded SHA-256 hashes of the matching header values (string)
+
+Secure secret value example:
+```sh
+#
+# 1. Generate cryptographically secure pseudo random secret header value:
+# - length of at least 32 bytes (the size of the SHA-256 output)
+# - encode as -base64 or -hex to get ASCII text value
+#
+SECRET=$(openssl rand -base64 32)
+echo $SECRET
+3YchPsliGjBXvyl/ncLWEI8/loKGrj/VNM4garxWEmA=
+
+#
+# 2. Get SHA-256 hash of the secret header value to use as HeaderSHA256 argument:
+# - use echo -n to not output the trailing newline
+#
+echo -n $SECRET | sha256sum
+a6131ba920df753c8109500cc11818f7192336d06532f6fa13009c2e4f6e1841  -
+```
+```
+// 3. Configure route to match hash of the secret value
+HeaderSHA256(
+    "X-Secret",
+    "a6131ba920df753c8109500cc11818f7192336d06532f6fa13009c2e4f6e1841"
+) -> inlineContent("ok\n") -> <shunt>
+```
+```sh
+# 4. Test secret value
+curl -H "X-Secret: $SECRET" http://localhost:9090
+```
+
+Secret rotation example:
+```
+// To rotate secret:
+// * add new secret - both old and new secrets match during rotation
+// * update client to use new secret
+// * remove old secret
+HeaderSHA256(
+    "X-Secret",
+    "cba06b5736faf67e54b07b561eae94395e774c517a7d910a54369e1263ccfbd4", // SHA256("old")
+    "11507a0e2f5e69d5dfa40a62a1bd7b6ee57e6bcd85c67c9b8431b36fff21c437"  // SHA256("new")
+) -> inlineContent("ok\n") -> <shunt>
+```
+
+[Basic access authentication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication) example:
+```
+anon: * -> setResponseHeader("WWW-Authenticate", `Basic realm="foo", charset="UTF-8"`) -> status(401) -> <shunt>;
+auth: HeaderSHA256(
+    "Authorization",
+    "caae07e42ed8d231a58edcde95782b0feb67186172c18c89894ce4c2174df137", // SHA256("Basic " + BASE64("test:123£"))
+    "157da8472590f0ce0a7c651bd79aecb5cc582944fcf76cbabada915d333deee8"  // SHA256("Basic " + BASE64("Aladdin:open sesame"))
+) -> inlineContent("ok\n") -> <shunt>;
+```
+
 ## Interval
 
 An interval implements custom predicates to match routes only during some period of time.

predicates/auth/headersha256.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/zalando/skipper/predicates"
+	"github.com/zalando/skipper/routing"
+)
+
+type headerSha256Spec struct{}
+
+type headerSha256Predicate struct {
+	name   string
+	hashes [][sha256.Size]byte
+}
+
+// NewHeaderSHA256 creates a predicate specification, whose instances match SHA-256 hash of the header value.
+// The HeaderSHA256 predicate requires the header name and one or more hex-encoded SHA-256 hash values of the matching header.
+func NewHeaderSHA256() routing.PredicateSpec {
+	return &headerSha256Spec{}
+}
+
+func (*headerSha256Spec) Name() string {
+	return predicates.HeaderSHA256Name
+}
+
+// Create a predicate instance matching SHA256 hash of the header value
+func (*headerSha256Spec) Create(args []interface{}) (routing.Predicate, error) {
+	if len(args) < 2 {
+		return nil, predicates.ErrInvalidPredicateParameters
+	}
+
+	name, ok := args[0].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, predicates.ErrInvalidPredicateParameters
+	}
+
+	var hashes [][sha256.Size]byte
+	for _, arg := range args[1:] {
+		hexHash, ok := arg.(string)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, predicates.ErrInvalidPredicateParameters
+		}
+		hash, err := hex.DecodeString(hexHash)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if len(hash) != sha256.Size {
+			return nil, predicates.ErrInvalidPredicateParameters
+		}
+		hashes = append(hashes, *(*[sha256.Size]byte)(hash)) // https://github.com/golang/go/issues/46505
+	}
+
+	return &headerSha256Predicate{name, hashes}, nil
+}
+
+func (p *headerSha256Predicate) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
+	value := r.Header.Get(p.name)
+	if value == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	valueHash := sha256.Sum256([]byte(value))
+
+	for _, hash := range p.hashes {
+		if valueHash == hash {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

predicates/auth/headersha256_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestHeaderSHA256Args(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewHeaderSHA256()
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		args []interface{}
+	}{
+		{
+			args: []interface{}{},
+		},
+		{
+			args: []interface{}{"X-Secret", "xyz"},
+		},
+		{
+			args: []interface{}{"X-Secret", "00112233"},
+		},
+		{
+			args: []interface{}{"X-Secret", "00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff", "AA"},
+		},
+	} {
+		if _, err := s.Create(tc.args); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected error for arguments: %v", tc.args)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHeaderSHA256Match(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewHeaderSHA256()
+	p, err := s.Create([]interface{}{
+		"X-Secret",
+		"2bb80d537b1da3e38bd30361aa855686bde0eacd7162fef6a25fe97bf527a25b", // "secret"
+		"5e884898da28047151d0e56f8dc6292773603d0d6aabbdd62a11ef721d1542d8", // "password"
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		header http.Header
+		match  bool
+	}{
+		{
+			header: http.Header{
+				"X-Test": []string{"foo"},
+			},
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			header: http.Header{
+				"X-Secret": []string{"foo"},
+			},
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			header: http.Header{
+				"X-Secret": []string{"SECRET"},
+			},
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			header: http.Header{
+				"X-Secret": []string{"PASSWORD"},
+			},
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			header: http.Header{
+				"X-Secret": []string{"secret"},
+			},
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			header: http.Header{
+				"X-Secret": []string{"password"},
+			},
+			match: true,
+		},
+	} {
+		if p.Match(&http.Request{Header: tc.header}) != tc.match {
+			t.Errorf("expected match: %v", tc.match)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkHeaderSHA256Match(b *testing.B) {
+	s := NewHeaderSHA256()
+	p, err := s.Create([]interface{}{"X-Secret", "2bb80d537b1da3e38bd30361aa855686bde0eacd7162fef6a25fe97bf527a25b"})
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	r := &http.Request{Header: http.Header{"X-Secret": []string{"secret"}}}
+	if !p.Match(r) {
+		b.Fatal("match expected")
+	}
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		p.Match(r)
+	}
+}

predicates/predicates.go

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ const (
 	JWTPayloadAllKVName       = "JWTPayloadAllKV"
 	JWTPayloadAnyKVRegexpName = "JWTPayloadAnyKVRegexp"
 	JWTPayloadAllKVRegexpName = "JWTPayloadAllKVRegexp"
+	HeaderSHA256Name          = "HeaderSHA256"
 	AfterName                 = "After"
 	BeforeName                = "Before"
 	BetweenName               = "Between"

skipper.go

@@ -1733,6 +1733,7 @@ func run(o Options, sig chan os.Signal, idleConnsCH chan struct{}) error {
 		pauth.NewJWTPayloadAnyKV(),
 		pauth.NewJWTPayloadAllKVRegexp(),
 		pauth.NewJWTPayloadAnyKVRegexp(),
+		pauth.NewHeaderSHA256(),
 		methods.New(),
 		tee.New(),
 		forwarded.NewForwardedHost(),