diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS/AWSXRayRemoteSamplerBuilder.cs b/src/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS/AWSXRayRemoteSamplerBuilder.cs
index 0aa3aa32d8..4c8497ede1 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS/AWSXRayRemoteSamplerBuilder.cs
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS/AWSXRayRemoteSamplerBuilder.cs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public AWSXRayRemoteSamplerBuilder SetPollingInterval(TimeSpan pollingInterval)
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Sets the endpoint for the TCP proxy to connect to. This is the address to the port on the
-    /// OpenTelemetry Collector configured for proxying X-Ray sampling requests.If unset, defaults to
+    /// OpenTelemetry Collector configured for proxying X-Ray sampling requests. If unset, defaults to
     /// <see cref="DefaultEndpoint"/>.
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="endpoint">the endpoint for the TCP proxy.</param>
@@ -90,12 +90,7 @@ public AWSXRayRemoteSampler Build()
     // Should not be exposed to public.
     internal AWSXRayRemoteSamplerBuilder SetClock(Clock clock)
     {
-        if (clock == null)
-        {
-            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(clock));
-        }
-
-        this.clock = clock;
+        this.clock = clock ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(clock));
 
         return this;
     }
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS/SamplingRuleApplier.cs b/src/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS/SamplingRuleApplier.cs
index 56cc0f0443..3450c30577 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS/SamplingRuleApplier.cs
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS/SamplingRuleApplier.cs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS;
 
 internal class SamplingRuleApplier
 {
-    public SamplingRuleApplier(string clientId, Clock clock, SamplingRule rule, Statistics statistics)
+    public SamplingRuleApplier(string clientId, Clock clock, SamplingRule rule, Statistics? statistics)
     {
         this.ClientId = clientId;
         this.Clock = clock;
diff --git a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests.csproj b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests.csproj
index e0fb3a51f5..59ebd9591e 100644
--- a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests.csproj
+++ b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests.csproj
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup>
     <TargetFrameworks>net7.0;net6.0</TargetFrameworks>
     <TargetFrameworks Condition="$(OS) == 'Windows_NT'">$(TargetFrameworks);$(NetFrameworkMinimumSupportedVersion)</TargetFrameworks>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
diff --git a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestAWSXRayRemoteSampler.cs b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestAWSXRayRemoteSampler.cs
index 652165e0ab..aab1148cdc 100644
--- a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestAWSXRayRemoteSampler.cs
+++ b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestAWSXRayRemoteSampler.cs
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public void TestSamplerUpdateAndSample()
         // create sampler
         AWSXRayRemoteSampler sampler = AWSXRayRemoteSampler.Builder(ResourceBuilder.CreateEmpty().Build())
             .SetPollingInterval(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(10))
-            .SetEndpoint(mockServer.Url)
+            .SetEndpoint(mockServer.Url!)
             .SetClock(clock)
             .Build();
 
@@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ private SamplingDecision DoSample(Trace.Sampler sampler, string serviceName)
             ActivityTraceId.CreateRandom(),
             "myActivityName",
             ActivityKind.Server,
-            new List<KeyValuePair<string, object>>()
+            new List<KeyValuePair<string, object?>>
             {
-                new KeyValuePair<string, object>("test", serviceName),
+                new("test", serviceName),
             },
             null);
 
diff --git a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestAWSXRaySamplerClient.cs b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestAWSXRaySamplerClient.cs
index fa78d9a108..863024a6cd 100644
--- a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestAWSXRaySamplerClient.cs
+++ b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestAWSXRaySamplerClient.cs
@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ namespace OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests;
 
 public class TestAWSXRaySamplerClient : IDisposable
 {
-    private WireMockServer mockServer;
+    private readonly WireMockServer mockServer;
 
-    private AWSXRaySamplerClient client;
+    private readonly AWSXRaySamplerClient client;
 
     public TestAWSXRaySamplerClient()
     {
         this.mockServer = WireMockServer.Start();
-        this.client = new AWSXRaySamplerClient(this.mockServer.Url);
+        this.client = new AWSXRaySamplerClient(this.mockServer.Url!);
     }
 
     public void Dispose()
@@ -116,23 +116,23 @@ public void TestGetSamplingTargets()
 
         this.CreateResponse("/SamplingTargets", "Data/GetSamplingTargetsResponse.json");
 
-        var request = new GetSamplingTargetsRequest(new List<SamplingStatisticsDocument>()
+        var request = new GetSamplingTargetsRequest(new List<SamplingStatisticsDocument>
         {
-            new SamplingStatisticsDocument(
+            new(
                 "clientId",
                 "rule1",
                 100,
                 50,
                 10,
                 clock.ToDouble(clock.Now())),
-            new SamplingStatisticsDocument(
+            new(
                 "clientId",
                 "rule2",
                 200,
                 100,
                 20,
                 clock.ToDouble(clock.Now())),
-            new SamplingStatisticsDocument(
+            new(
                 "clientId",
                 "rule3",
                 20,
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ public void TestGetSamplingTargets()
         var responseTask = this.client.GetSamplingTargets(request);
         responseTask.Wait();
 
-        GetSamplingTargetsResponse targetsResponse = responseTask.Result;
+        GetSamplingTargetsResponse targetsResponse = responseTask.Result!;
 
         Assert.Equal(2, targetsResponse.SamplingTargetDocuments.Count);
         Assert.Single(targetsResponse.UnprocessedStatistics);
@@ -175,9 +175,9 @@ public void TestGetSamplingTargetsWithMalformed()
             .RespondWith(
                 Response.Create().WithStatusCode(200).WithHeader("Content-Type", "application/json").WithBody("notJson"));
 
-        var request = new GetSamplingTargetsRequest(new List<SamplingStatisticsDocument>()
+        var request = new GetSamplingTargetsRequest(new List<SamplingStatisticsDocument>
         {
-            new SamplingStatisticsDocument(
+            new(
                 "clientId",
                 "rule1",
                 100,
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public void TestGetSamplingTargetsWithMalformed()
         var responseTask = this.client.GetSamplingTargets(request);
         responseTask.Wait();
 
-        GetSamplingTargetsResponse targetsResponse = responseTask.Result;
+        GetSamplingTargetsResponse? targetsResponse = responseTask.Result;
 
         Assert.Null(targetsResponse);
     }
diff --git a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestClock.cs b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestClock.cs
index a5444b3b9a..806f714578 100644
--- a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestClock.cs
+++ b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestClock.cs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests;
 
 internal class TestClock : Clock
 {
-    private static readonly DateTime EpochStart = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+    private static readonly DateTime EpochStart = new(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
     private DateTime nowTime;
 
     public TestClock()
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public override double ToDouble(DateTime dateTime)
         return timestamp;
     }
 
-    // Advnaces the clock by a given time span.
+    // Advances the clock by a given time span.
     public void Advance(TimeSpan time)
     {
         this.nowTime = this.nowTime.Add(time);
diff --git a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestMatcher.cs b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestMatcher.cs
index 3c320f2d81..671810abd2 100644
--- a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestMatcher.cs
+++ b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestMatcher.cs
@@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ public void TestWildcardDoesNotMatch(string input, string pattern)
     [Fact]
     public void TestAttributeMatching()
     {
-        var tags = new List<KeyValuePair<string, object>>()
+        var tags = new List<KeyValuePair<string, object?>>
         {
-            new KeyValuePair<string, object>("dog", "bark"),
-            new KeyValuePair<string, object>("cat", "meow"),
-            new KeyValuePair<string, object>("cow", "mooo"),
+            new("dog", "bark"),
+            new("cat", "meow"),
+            new("cow", "mooo"),
         };
 
-        var ruleAttributes = new Dictionary<string, string>()
+        var ruleAttributes = new Dictionary<string, string>
         {
             { "dog", "bar?" },
             { "cow", "mooo" },
@@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ public void TestAttributeMatching()
     [Fact]
     public void TestAttributeMatchingWithoutRuleAttributes()
     {
-        var tags = new List<KeyValuePair<string, object>>()
+        var tags = new List<KeyValuePair<string, object?>>
         {
-            new KeyValuePair<string, object>("dog", "bark"),
-            new KeyValuePair<string, object>("cat", "meow"),
-            new KeyValuePair<string, object>("cow", "mooo"),
+            new("dog", "bark"),
+            new("cat", "meow"),
+            new("cow", "mooo"),
         };
 
         var ruleAttributes = new Dictionary<string, string>();
@@ -82,13 +82,13 @@ public void TestAttributeMatchingWithoutRuleAttributes()
     [Fact]
     public void TestAttributeMatchingWithoutSpanTags()
     {
-        var ruleAttributes = new Dictionary<string, string>()
+        var ruleAttributes = new Dictionary<string, string>
         {
             { "dog", "bar?" },
             { "cow", "mooo" },
         };
 
-        Assert.False(Matcher.AttributeMatch(new List<KeyValuePair<string, object>>(), ruleAttributes));
+        Assert.False(Matcher.AttributeMatch(new List<KeyValuePair<string, object?>>(), ruleAttributes));
         Assert.False(Matcher.AttributeMatch(null, ruleAttributes));
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestRateLimiter.cs b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestRateLimiter.cs
index 446cb4af6e..a0c60c7d29 100644
--- a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestRateLimiter.cs
+++ b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestRateLimiter.cs
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ public async Task TestRateLimiterConcurrencyAsync()
         TestClock clock = new TestClock();
         RateLimiter limiter = new RateLimiter(1, numWorkers * creditsPerWorker, clock);
         int count = 0;
-        List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>(numWorkers);
+        List<Task> tasks = new(numWorkers);
 
         for (int w = 0; w < numWorkers; ++w)
         {
diff --git a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestRulesCache.cs b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestRulesCache.cs
index eafc974c00..fbfa0fb250 100644
--- a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestRulesCache.cs
+++ b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestRulesCache.cs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public void TestUpdateRules()
 
         // set up rules cache with a default rule
         var defaultRule = this.CreateDefaultRule(1, 0.05);
-        var stats = new Statistics()
+        var stats = new Statistics
         {
             RequestCount = 10,
             SampleCount = 5,
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ public void TestUpdateRules()
 
         var cache = new RulesCache(clock, "test", ResourceBuilder.CreateEmpty().Build(), new AlwaysOffSampler())
         {
-            RuleAppliers = new List<SamplingRuleApplier>()
+            RuleAppliers = new List<SamplingRuleApplier>
             {
-                { new SamplingRuleApplier("testId", clock, defaultRule, stats) },
+                { new("testId", clock, defaultRule, stats) },
             },
         };
 
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ public void TestUpdateRulesRemovesOlderRule()
         // set up rule cache with 2 rules
         var rulesCache = new RulesCache(clock, "test", ResourceBuilder.CreateEmpty().Build(), new AlwaysOffSampler())
         {
-            RuleAppliers = new List<SamplingRuleApplier>()
+            RuleAppliers = new List<SamplingRuleApplier>
             {
-                { new SamplingRuleApplier("testId", clock, this.CreateDefaultRule(1, 0.05), null) },
-                { new SamplingRuleApplier("testId", clock, this.CreateRule("Rule1", 5, 0.20, 1), null) },
+                { new("testId", clock, this.CreateDefaultRule(1, 0.05), null) },
+                { new("testId", clock, this.CreateRule("Rule1", 5, 0.20, 1), null) },
             },
         };
 
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ public void TestShouldSampleMatchesExactRule()
         var clock = new TestClock();
         var rulesCache = new RulesCache(clock, "clientId", ResourceBuilder.CreateEmpty().Build(), new AlwaysOffSampler())
         {
-            RuleAppliers = new List<SamplingRuleApplier>()
+            RuleAppliers = new List<SamplingRuleApplier>
             {
-                { new SamplingRuleApplier("clientId", clock, this.CreateRule("ruleWillMatch", 1, 0.0, 1), new Statistics()) }, // higher priority rule will sample
-                { new SamplingRuleApplier("clientId", clock, this.CreateRule("ruleWillNotMatch", 0, 0.0, 2), new Statistics()) }, // this rule will not sample
+                { new("clientId", clock, this.CreateRule("ruleWillMatch", 1, 0.0, 1), new Statistics()) }, // higher priority rule will sample
+                { new("clientId", clock, this.CreateRule("ruleWillNotMatch", 0, 0.0, 2), new Statistics()) }, // this rule will not sample
             },
         };
 
@@ -144,10 +144,10 @@ public void TestUpdateTargets()
         var clock = new TestClock();
         var rulesCache = new RulesCache(clock, "clientId", ResourceBuilder.CreateEmpty().Build(), new AlwaysOffSampler())
         {
-            RuleAppliers = new List<SamplingRuleApplier>()
+            RuleAppliers = new List<SamplingRuleApplier>
             {
-                { new SamplingRuleApplier("clientId", clock, this.CreateRule("rule1", 1, 0.0, 1), new Statistics()) }, // this rule will sample 1 req/sec
-                { new SamplingRuleApplier("clientId", clock, this.CreateRule("rule2", 0, 0.0, 2), new Statistics()) },
+                { new("clientId", clock, this.CreateRule("rule1", 1, 0.0, 1), new Statistics()) }, // this rule will sample 1 req/sec
+                { new("clientId", clock, this.CreateRule("rule2", 0, 0.0, 2), new Statistics()) },
             },
         };
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ public void TestUpdateTargets()
         Assert.Equal(SamplingDecision.Drop, rulesCache.ShouldSample(default).Decision);
 
         // update targets
-        var targetForRule1 = new SamplingTargetDocument()
+        var targetForRule1 = new SamplingTargetDocument
         {
             FixedRate = 0.0,
             Interval = 0,
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ public void TestUpdateTargets()
             ReservoirQuotaTTL = clock.ToDouble(clock.Now().AddMinutes(5)),
             RuleName = "rule1",
         };
-        var targetForRule2 = new SamplingTargetDocument()
+        var targetForRule2 = new SamplingTargetDocument
         {
             FixedRate = 0.0,
             Interval = 0,
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ public void TestUpdateTargets()
             RuleName = "rule2",
         };
 
-        var targets = new Dictionary<string, SamplingTargetDocument>()
+        var targets = new Dictionary<string, SamplingTargetDocument>
         {
             { "rule1", targetForRule1 },
             { "rule2", targetForRule2 },
@@ -192,15 +192,15 @@ public void TestNextTargetFetchTime()
         var clock = new TestClock();
         var rulesCache = new RulesCache(clock, "clientId", ResourceBuilder.CreateEmpty().Build(), new AlwaysOffSampler())
         {
-            RuleAppliers = new List<SamplingRuleApplier>()
+            RuleAppliers = new List<SamplingRuleApplier>
             {
-                { new SamplingRuleApplier("clientId", clock, this.CreateRule("rule1", 1, 0.0, 1), new Statistics()) },
-                { new SamplingRuleApplier("clientId", clock, this.CreateRule("rule2", 0, 0.0, 2), new Statistics()) },
+                { new("clientId", clock, this.CreateRule("rule1", 1, 0.0, 1), new Statistics()) },
+                { new("clientId", clock, this.CreateRule("rule2", 0, 0.0, 2), new Statistics()) },
             },
         };
 
         // update targets
-        var targetForRule1 = new SamplingTargetDocument()
+        var targetForRule1 = new SamplingTargetDocument
         {
             FixedRate = 0.0,
             Interval = 10, // next target poll after 10s
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ public void TestNextTargetFetchTime()
             ReservoirQuotaTTL = clock.ToDouble(clock.Now().Add(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5))),
             RuleName = "rule1",
         };
-        var targetForRule2 = new SamplingTargetDocument()
+        var targetForRule2 = new SamplingTargetDocument
         {
             FixedRate = 0.0,
             Interval = 5, // next target poll after 5s
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ public void TestNextTargetFetchTime()
             RuleName = "rule2",
         };
 
-        var targets = new Dictionary<string, SamplingTargetDocument>()
+        var targets = new Dictionary<string, SamplingTargetDocument>
         {
             { "rule1", targetForRule1 },
             { "rule2", targetForRule2 },
diff --git a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestSamplingRuleApplier.cs b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestSamplingRuleApplier.cs
index 34ae66df43..35128b85e3 100644
--- a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestSamplingRuleApplier.cs
+++ b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/TestSamplingRuleApplier.cs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public void TestRuleMatchesWithAllAttributes()
             version: 1,
             attributes: new Dictionary<string, string>());
 
-        var activityTags = new Dictionary<string, string>()
+        var activityTags = new Dictionary<string, string>
         {
             { "http.host", "localhost" },
             { "http.method", "GET" },
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public void TestRuleMatchesWithWildcardAttributes()
             version: 1,
             attributes: new Dictionary<string, string>());
 
-        var activityTags = new Dictionary<string, string>()
+        var activityTags = new Dictionary<string, string>
         {
             { "http.host", "localhost" },
             { "http.method", "GET" },
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ public void TestRuleMatchesWithHttpTarget()
             version: 1,
             attributes: new Dictionary<string, string>());
 
-        var activityTags = new Dictionary<string, string>()
+        var activityTags = new Dictionary<string, string>
         {
             { "http.target", "/helloworld" },
         };
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ public void TestRuleMatchesWithHttpTarget()
     [Fact]
     public void TestAttributeMatching()
     {
-        var ruleAttributes = new Dictionary<string, string>()
+        var ruleAttributes = new Dictionary<string, string>
         {
             { "dog", "bark" },
             { "cat", "meow" },
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ public void TestAttributeMatching()
             version: 1,
             attributes: ruleAttributes);
 
-        var activityTags = new Dictionary<string, string>()
+        var activityTags = new Dictionary<string, string>
         {
             { "http.target", "/helloworld" },
             { "dog", "bark" },
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public void TestAttributeMatching()
     [Fact]
     public void TestAttributeMatchingWithLessActivityTags()
     {
-        var ruleAttributes = new Dictionary<string, string>()
+        var ruleAttributes = new Dictionary<string, string>
         {
             { "dog", "bark" },
             { "cat", "meow" },
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ public void TestAttributeMatchingWithLessActivityTags()
             version: 1,
             attributes: ruleAttributes);
 
-        var activityTags = new Dictionary<string, string>()
+        var activityTags = new Dictionary<string, string>
         {
             { "http.target", "/helloworld" },
             { "dog", "bark" },
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ public void TestWithTarget()
 
         var applier = new SamplingRuleApplier("clientId", clock, rule, new Statistics());
 
-        // no target assigned yet. so borrow 1 from reseroir every second
+        // no target assigned yet. so borrow 1 from reservoir every second
         Assert.Equal(SamplingDecision.RecordAndSample, applier.ShouldSample(default).Decision);
         Assert.Equal(SamplingDecision.Drop, applier.ShouldSample(default).Decision);
         clock.Advance(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ public void TestWithTarget()
         Assert.Equal(SamplingDecision.Drop, applier.ShouldSample(default).Decision);
 
         // get the target
-        SamplingTargetDocument target = new SamplingTargetDocument()
+        SamplingTargetDocument target = new SamplingTargetDocument
         {
             FixedRate = 0.0,
             Interval = 10,
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ public void TestWithTargetWithoutQuota()
 
         var applier = new SamplingRuleApplier("clientId", clock, rule, new Statistics());
 
-        // no target assigned yet. so borrow 1 from reseroir every second
+        // no target assigned yet. so borrow 1 from reservoir every second
         Assert.Equal(SamplingDecision.RecordAndSample, applier.ShouldSample(default).Decision);
         Assert.Equal(SamplingDecision.Drop, applier.ShouldSample(default).Decision);
         clock.Advance(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ public void TestWithTargetWithoutQuota()
         Assert.Equal(2, statistics.BorrowCount);
 
         // get the target
-        SamplingTargetDocument target = new SamplingTargetDocument()
+        SamplingTargetDocument target = new SamplingTargetDocument
         {
             FixedRate = 1.0,
             Interval = 10,
diff --git a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/Utils.cs b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/Utils.cs
index b415200872..12e00e2ff2 100644
--- a/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/Utils.cs
+++ b/test/OpenTelemetry.Sampler.AWS.Tests/Utils.cs
@@ -28,17 +28,6 @@ internal static SamplingParameters CreateSamplingParameters()
         return CreateSamplingParametersWithTags(new Dictionary<string, string>());
     }
 
-    internal static SamplingParameters CreateSamplingParametersWithRootContext()
-    {
-        return new SamplingParameters(
-            default,
-            ActivityTraceId.CreateRandom(),
-            "myActivityName",
-            ActivityKind.Server,
-            null,
-            null);
-    }
-
     internal static SamplingParameters CreateSamplingParametersWithTags(Dictionary<string, string> tags)
     {
         ActivityTraceId traceId = ActivityTraceId.CreateRandom();
@@ -47,11 +36,11 @@ internal static SamplingParameters CreateSamplingParametersWithTags(Dictionary<s
 
         var parentContext = new ActivityContext(traceId, parentSpanId, traceFlags);
 
-        var tagList = new List<KeyValuePair<string, object>>();
+        var tagList = new List<KeyValuePair<string, object?>>();
 
         foreach (var tag in tags)
         {
-            tagList.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, object>(tag.Key, tag.Value));
+            tagList.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, object?>(tag.Key, tag.Value));
         }
 
         return new SamplingParameters(
@@ -65,10 +54,10 @@ internal static SamplingParameters CreateSamplingParametersWithTags(Dictionary<s
 
     internal static Resource CreateResource(string serviceName, string cloudPlatform)
     {
-        var resourceAttributes = new List<KeyValuePair<string, object>>()
+        var resourceAttributes = new List<KeyValuePair<string, object>>
         {
-            new KeyValuePair<string, object>("service.name", serviceName),
-            new KeyValuePair<string, object>("cloud.platform", cloudPlatform),
+            new("service.name", serviceName),
+            new("cloud.platform", cloudPlatform),
         };
 
         return ResourceBuilder.CreateEmpty().AddAttributes(resourceAttributes).Build();