diff --git a/features/makepot.feature b/features/makepot.feature
index 04414d0..9f9bef3 100644
--- a/features/makepot.feature
+++ b/features/makepot.feature
@@ -3687,6 +3687,23 @@ Feature: Generate a POT file of a WordPress project
         }
       }
       """
+    And a foo-theme/incorrect/styles/my-style.json file:
+      """
+      {
+        "version": "1",
+        "settings": {
+          "blocks": {
+            "core/paragraph": {
+              "color": {
+                "palette": [
+                  { "slug": "white", "color": "#ffffff", "name": "White" }
+                ]
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      """
 
     When I try `wp i18n make-pot foo-theme`
     Then STDOUT should be:
@@ -3699,6 +3716,10 @@ Feature: Generate a POT file of a WordPress project
       msgctxt "Color name"
       msgid "Black"
       """
+    And the foo-theme/foo-theme.pot file should not contain:
+      """
+      msgid "White"
+      """
 
   Scenario: Extract strings from the patterns directory
     Given an empty foo-theme/patterns directory
@@ -3710,6 +3731,14 @@ Feature: Generate a POT file of a WordPress project
        * Description: My pattern description.
        */
       """
+    And a foo-theme/incorrect/patterns/other-pattern.php file:
+      """
+      <?php
+      /**
+       * Title: Other pattern title.
+       * Description: Other pattern description.
+       */
+      """
     And a foo-theme/style.css file:
       """
       /*
@@ -3736,3 +3765,11 @@ Feature: Generate a POT file of a WordPress project
       msgid "My pattern description."
       msgstr ""
       """
+    And the foo-theme/foo-theme.pot file should not contain:
+      """
+      msgid "Other pattern title."
+      """
+    And the foo-theme/foo-theme.pot file should not contain:
+      """
+      msgid "Other pattern description."
+      """
diff --git a/src/IterableCodeExtractor.php b/src/IterableCodeExtractor.php
index d341d96..346f88b 100644
--- a/src/IterableCodeExtractor.php
+++ b/src/IterableCodeExtractor.php
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ public static function fromFile( $file_or_files, Translations $translations, arr
 				}
 			}
 
-			if ( ! empty( $options['wpExtractPatterns'] ) ) {
+			// Patterns are only supported when in a top-level patterns/ folder.
+			if ( ! empty( $options['wpExtractPatterns'] ) && 0 === strpos( $options['file'], 'patterns/' ) ) {
 				$headers = FileDataExtractor::get_file_data_from_string(
 					$string,
 					[
diff --git a/src/MakePotCommand.php b/src/MakePotCommand.php
index 3f53250..74db870 100644
--- a/src/MakePotCommand.php
+++ b/src/MakePotCommand.php
@@ -606,6 +606,8 @@ protected function extract_strings() {
 
 		unset( $this->main_file_data['Version'], $this->main_file_data['License'], $this->main_file_data['Domain Path'], $this->main_file_data['Text Domain'] );
 
+		$is_theme = isset( $this->main_file_data['Theme Name'] );
+
 		// Set entries from main file data.
 		foreach ( $this->main_file_data as $header => $data ) {
 			if ( empty( $data ) ) {
@@ -614,7 +616,7 @@ protected function extract_strings() {
 
 			$translation = new Translation( '', $data );
 
-			if ( isset( $this->main_file_data['Theme Name'] ) ) {
+			if ( $is_theme ) {
 				$translation->addExtractedComment( sprintf( '%s of the theme', $header ) );
 			} else {
 				$translation->addExtractedComment( sprintf( '%s of the plugin', $header ) );
@@ -627,7 +629,9 @@ protected function extract_strings() {
 			if ( ! $this->skip_php ) {
 				$options = [
 					// Extract 'Template Name' headers in theme files.
-					'wpExtractTemplates' => isset( $this->main_file_data['Theme Name'] ),
+					'wpExtractTemplates' => $is_theme,
+					// Extract 'Title' and 'Description' headers from pattern files.
+					'wpExtractPatterns'  => $is_theme,
 					'include'            => $this->include,
 					'exclude'            => $this->exclude,
 					'extensions'         => [ 'php' ],
@@ -636,17 +640,6 @@ protected function extract_strings() {
 				PhpCodeExtractor::fromDirectory( $this->source, $translations, $options );
 			}
 
-			if ( ! $this->skip_php ) {
-				$options = [
-					// Extract 'Title' and 'Description' headers from pattern files.
-					'wpExtractPatterns' => isset( $this->main_file_data['Theme Name'] ),
-					'include'           => array_merge( $this->include, array( 'patterns' ) ),
-					'exclude'           => $this->exclude,
-					'extensions'        => [ 'php' ],
-				];
-				PhpCodeExtractor::fromDirectory( $this->source, $translations, $options );
-			}
-
 			if ( ! $this->skip_blade ) {
 				$options = [
 					'include'       => $this->include,
@@ -699,31 +692,15 @@ protected function extract_strings() {
 			}
 
 			if ( ! $this->skip_theme_json ) {
-				// Look for the top-level theme.json file, nothing else.
-				JsonSchemaExtractor::fromDirectory(
-					$this->source,
-					$translations,
-					[
-						'schema'            => JsonSchemaExtractor::THEME_JSON_SOURCE,
-						'schemaFallback'    => JsonSchemaExtractor::THEME_JSON_FALLBACK,
-						'restrictFileNames' => [ 'theme.json' ],
-						'include'           => $this->include,
-						'exclude'           => $this->exclude,
-						'extensions'        => [ 'json' ],
-						'addReferences'     => $this->location,
-					]
-				);
-			}
-
-			if ( ! $this->skip_theme_json ) {
-				// Look for any JSON file within the 'styles' directory.
-				JsonSchemaExtractor::fromDirectory(
+				// This will look for the top-level theme.json file, as well as
+				// any JSON file within the top-level styles/ directory.
+				ThemeJsonExtractor::fromDirectory(
 					$this->source,
 					$translations,
 					[
 						'schema'         => JsonSchemaExtractor::THEME_JSON_SOURCE,
 						'schemaFallback' => JsonSchemaExtractor::THEME_JSON_FALLBACK,
-						'include'        => array_merge( $this->include, array( 'styles' ) ),
+						'include'        => $this->include,
 						'exclude'        => $this->exclude,
 						'extensions'     => [ 'json' ],
 						'addReferences'  => $this->location,
diff --git a/src/ThemeJsonExtractor.php b/src/ThemeJsonExtractor.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7ef638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ThemeJsonExtractor.php
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace WP_CLI\I18n;
+
+use Gettext\Extractors\Extractor;
+use Gettext\Extractors\ExtractorInterface;
+use Gettext\Translations;
+use WP_CLI;
+use WP_CLI\Utils;
+
+final class ThemeJsonExtractor extends JsonSchemaExtractor {
+
+	/**
+	 * @inheritdoc
+	 */
+	public static function fromString( $string, Translations $translations, array $options = [] ) {
+		$file = $options['file'];
+
+		// Only support top-level theme.json file or any JSON file within a top-level styles/ folder.
+		if (
+			'theme.json' !== $file &&
+			0 !== strpos( $file, 'styles/' )
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		parent::fromString( $string, $translations, $options );
+	}
+}