The World Dynamics project aims to provide a modern framework to investigate models of global dynamics focused on sustainable development based on current software engineering and scientific machine learning techniques. Our group is developing a Julia library to allow scientists to easily use and adapt different world models, from Forrester's World2 to Meadows et al.'s World3 to recent proposals. By enabling an open, interdisciplinary, and consistent comparative approach to scientific model development, our goal is to supply high-quality information to global policy making on environmental and economic issues.
The World Dynamics project aims to provide a modern framework to investigate models of global dynamics focused on sustainable development based on current software engineering and scientific machine learning techniques. Our group is developing a Julia library to allow scientists to easily use and adapt different world models, from Forrester's World2 to Meadows et al.'s World3 to recent proposals. By enabling an open, interdisciplinary, and consistent comparative approach to scientific model development, our goal is to supply high-quality information to global policy making on environmental and economic issues.
This document was generated with Documenter.jl version 0.27.25 on Saturday 16 September 2023. Using Julia version 1.6.7.
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This document was generated with Documenter.jl version 0.27.25 on Sunday 17 September 2023. Using Julia version 1.6.7.
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var documenterSearchIndex = {"docs":
-[{"location":"source/#Source-code-documentation","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#Contents","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Contents","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Pages = [\"source.md\"]\nDepth = 3","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics-constants","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics constants","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics]\nOrder = [:constant]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics-functions","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics functions","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#Functions-in-functions.jl","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Functions in functions.jl","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"This functions correspond to DYNAMO functions used in the World3 model.","category":"page"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics]\nOrder = [:function]\nPages = [\"functions.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.clip-NTuple{4, Any}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.clip","text":"clip(returnifgte, returniflt, inputvalue, threshold)\n\nReturns returnifgte if the value inputvalue is greater than the threshold threshold, returniflt otherwise. This function corresponds to the CLIP (also called FIFGE) function in the DYNAMO language.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.interpolate-Tuple{Any, Tuple{Vararg{Float64, N} where N}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.interpolate","text":"interpolate(x, yvalues, xrange)\n\nReturns the value of a function with input x, by linearly interpolating the function itself through the table yvalues and the range xrange. If x is out of the range, the value at the corresponding extremity is returned. This function corresponds to the TABHL function in the DYNAMO language. This latter function receives a table (that is, yvalues), a value (that is, x), a left and a right extreme of an interval (that is, xrange), and an increment value.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.step-Tuple{Any, Any, Any}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.step","text":"step(inputvalue, returnifgte, threshold)\n\nReturns 0 if the value inputvalue is smaller than the threshold threshold, returnifgte otherwise. This function corresponds to the STEP function in the DYNAMO language.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.switch-Tuple{Any, Any, Any}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.switch","text":"switch(returnifzero, returnifnotzero, inputvalue)\n\nReturns returnifzero if the value inputvalue is approximately 0 with tolerance 1e-16, returnifnotzero otherwise. This function corresponds to the SWITCH (also called FIFZE) function in the DYNAMO language.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Functions-in-plotvariables.jl","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Functions in plotvariables.jl","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics]\nOrder = [:function]\nPages = [\"plotvariables.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.plotvariables-Tuple{Any, Any, Vector{var\"#s9\"} where var\"#s9\"<:NTuple{4, Any}}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.plotvariables","text":"plotvariables(solution, xrange, variables::Vector{<:NTuple{4, Any}}; title=\"\", showaxis=true, showlegend=true, linetype=\"lines\", colored=true)\n\nPlot the values of the variables in the vector variables obtained by the ODE system solution (normally, obtained by using the solve function in solvesystems.jl) in the specified xrange interval. For each variable, the vector variables includes a quadruple, containing the Julia variable, its range, and its symbolic name to be shown in the plot.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Functions-in-solvesystems.jl","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Functions in solvesystems.jl","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics]\nOrder = [:function]\nPages = [\"solvesystems.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.compose-Tuple{Vector{ModelingToolkit.ODESystem}, Vector{Symbolics.Equation}}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.compose","text":"compose(systems::Vector{ODESystem}, connection_eqs::Vector{Equation})\n\nReturn the ODE system obtained by composing the ODE systems in the vector systems and by making use of the variable equalities in connection_eqs. Normally, each ODE systems in systems corresponds to a subsystem of a system in the World3 model, and the variable equalities specify which variables are shared between the subsystems.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.solve-Tuple{ModelingToolkit.ODESystem, Any}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.solve","text":"solve(system::ODESystem, timespan; solver=AutoVern9(Rodas5())\n\nReturn the solution of the system ODE system in the timespan interval (for the available different ODE system solvers, see the documentation of DifferentialEquations.jl).\n\nWe use the AutoVern9(Rodas5()) solver since it is among the suggested ones in the documentation of DifferentialEquations.jl, and among those we tested, it is the one that works best.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Reproducing-World1-figures","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Reproducing World1 figures","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#World1-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"World1 system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World1]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_1-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_1","text":"fig_1(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-1. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_10-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_10","text":"fig_10(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-10. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_11-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_11","text":"fig_11(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-11. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_12-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_12","text":"fig_12(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-12. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_2-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_2","text":"fig_2(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-2. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_3-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_3","text":"fig_3(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-3. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_4-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_4","text":"fig_4(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-4. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_5-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_5","text":"fig_5(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-5. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of [World1](https://dome.mit.edu/handle/1721.3/189645).\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_6-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_6","text":"fig_6(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-6. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_7-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_7","text":"fig_7(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-7. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_8-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_8","text":"fig_8(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-8. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_9-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_9","text":"fig_9(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-9. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_std-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_std","text":"fig_std(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. WORLD1-STD. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Reproducing-World2-figures","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Reproducing World2 figures","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#World2-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"World2 system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World2]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_1-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_1","text":"fig_4_1(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-1. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Basic behavior of the world model, showing the mode in which industrialization and population are suppressed by falling natural resources.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_10-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_10","text":"fig_4_10(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-10. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: System ratios when growth is suppressed by crowding.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_11-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_11","text":"fig_4_11(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-11. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Food shortage as the only remaining pressure to stop population growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_12-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_12","text":"fig_4_12(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-12. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: System ratios during the food-shortage mode.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_2-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_2","text":"fig_4_2(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-2. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Original model as in Fig. 4-1. Material standard of living reaches a maximum and then declines as natural resources are depleted.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_3-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_3","text":"fig_4_3(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Original model as in Fig 4-1. Natural-resource-usage rate reaches a peak about year 2010 and declines as natural resources, population, and capital investment decline.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_4-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_4","text":"fig_4_4(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-4. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption:Original model as in Fig. 4-1. The rate of capital-investment generation declines after 2010 but does not fall below the rate of capital-investment discard until 2040, at which time the level of capital investment begins to decline.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_5-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_5","text":"fig_4_5(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-5. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Reduced usage rate of natural resources leads to a pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_6-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_6","text":"fig_4_6(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-6. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: System ratios during the pollution mode of growth suppression.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_7-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_7","text":"fig_4_7(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-7. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Dynamics of the pollution sector. A positive-feedback growth in pollution occurs when the pollution-absorption time increases faster than the pollution.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_8-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_8","text":"fig_4_8(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-8. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Population sector during the pollution mode.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_9-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_9","text":"fig_4_9(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-9. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Growth suppressed by crowding when natural resources and pollution are inactive.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_1-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_1","text":"fig_5_1(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-1. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Higher capital-investment generation triggers the pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_10-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_10","text":"fig_5_10(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-10. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for the conditions of Fig. 5-9. Higher food productivity causes capital reallocation away from agriculture.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_11-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_11","text":"fig_5_11(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-11. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Increased food production causes greater population and earlier pollution crisis compared with Fig. 5-8.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_12-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_12","text":"fig_5_12(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-12. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Compared with Fig. 5-11, increased capital generation causes an earlier pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_13-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_13","text":"fig_5_13(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-13. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Compared with Fig. 5-12, less pollution generation increases peak population and delays the pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_14-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_14","text":"fig_5_14(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-14. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Compared with Fig. 5-12, reduced birth rate lowers the peak population but does not ellminate or delay the pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_2-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_2","text":"fig_5_2(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-2. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Lower birth rate does not affect suppression of growth by falling natural resources.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_3-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_3","text":"fig_5_3(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for the same condition of lower birth rate as in Fig. 5-2.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_4-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_4","text":"fig_5_4(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-4. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Reduced birth rate still leads to the pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_5-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_5","text":"fig_5_5(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-5. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: With resource depletion and pollution suppressed, population still climbs even with a 30% reduction in \"normal\" birth rate.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_6-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_6","text":"fig_5_6(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-6. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: A 50% reduction in \"normal\" birth rate causes growth of population to pause for 20 years, then resume.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_7-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_7","text":"fig_5_7(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-7. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for conditions of Fig. 5-6.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_8-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_8","text":"fig_5_8(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-8. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Reduction of pollution generation allows population and capital investment to increase further before the pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_9-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_9","text":"fig_5_9(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-9. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Increased food production causes increased population.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_1-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_1","text":"fig_6_1(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-1. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Natural-resource-usage rate and pollution generation are reduced in 1970.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_2-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_2","text":"fig_6_2(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-2. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for conditions of Fig. 6-1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_3-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_3","text":"fig_6_3(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Capital generation is reduced 40% in 1970 in addition to changes in Fig. 6-1. Population stabilizes at a lower level; quality of life is increased.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_4-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_4","text":"fig_6_4(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-4. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for conditions of Fig. 6-3.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_5-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_5","text":"fig_6_5(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-5. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Food productivity is reduced 20% in 1970 along with changes in Fig. 6-3. Population is lower, quality of life higher.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_6-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_6","text":"fig_6_6(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-6. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for conditions of Fig. 6-5.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_7-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_7","text":"fig_6_7(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-7. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Normal birth rate reduced 30% in 1970 along with changes in Fig. 6-5. Population is lower, quality of life higher again.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_8-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_8","text":"fig_6_8(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-8. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for conditions of Fig. 6-7.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Reproducing-World3-figures","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Reproducing World3 figures","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#Agriculture-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Agriculture system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69a","text":"fig_69a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.69a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-1: historical run. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69b","text":"fig_69b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.69b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-1: historical run. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69c","text":"fig_69c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.69c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-1: historical run. The allocation mechanism.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69d-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69d","text":"fig_69d(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.69d. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-1: historical run. The behavior of land fertility.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70a","text":"fig_70a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.70a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-2: standard run. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70b","text":"fig_70b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.70b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-2: standard run. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70c","text":"fig_70c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.70c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-2: standard run. The allocation mechanism.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70d-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70d","text":"fig_70d(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.70d. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-2: standard run. The behavior of land fertility.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_72a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_72a","text":"fig_72a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.72a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-3: sensitivity test of the land yield multiplier from capital table, using the optimistic LYMCT. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_72b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_72b","text":"fig_72b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.72b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-3: sensitivity test of the land yield multiplier from capital table, using the optimistic LYMCT. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_73a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_73a","text":"fig_73a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.73a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-4: sensitivity test of the land yield multiplier from capital table, using the pessimistic LYMCT. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_73b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_73b","text":"fig_73b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.73b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-4: sensitivity test of the land yield multiplier from capital table, using the pessimistic LYMCT. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_74a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_74a","text":"fig_74a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.74a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-5: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_74b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_74b","text":"fig_74b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.74b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-5: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_75a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_75a","text":"fig_75a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.75a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-6: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_75b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_75b","text":"fig_75b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.75b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-6: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_76a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_76a","text":"fig_76a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.76a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-7: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and development costs adjusted to maintain historical behavior. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_76b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_76b","text":"fig_76b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.76b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-7: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and development costs adjusted to maintain historical behavior. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_77a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_77a","text":"fig_77a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.77a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-8: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 50 percent increase in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_77b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_77b","text":"fig_77b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.77b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-8: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 50 percent increase in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_78a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_78a","text":"fig_78a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.78a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-9: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 25 percent decrease in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_78b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_78b","text":"fig_78b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.78b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-9: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 25 percent decrease in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_82a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_82a","text":"fig_82a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.82a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-10: sensitivity test with optimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_82b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_82b","text":"fig_82b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.82b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-10: sensitivity test with optimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_83a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_83a","text":"fig_83a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.83a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-11: sensitivity test with pessimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_83b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_83b","text":"fig_83b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.83b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-11: sensitivity test with pessimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_84a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_84a","text":"fig_84a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.84a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-12: policy run in which the impairment of land fertility from persistent pollutants is completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_84b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_84b","text":"fig_84b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.84b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-12: policy run in which the impairment of land fertility from persistent pollutants is completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_85a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_85a","text":"fig_85a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.85a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-13: policy run in which the adverse effects of air pollution on land yield and the impairment of land fertility by persistent pollutants are completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_85b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_85b","text":"fig_85b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.85b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-13: policy run in which the adverse effects of air pollution on land yield and the impairment of land fertility by persistent pollutants are completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_86a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_86a","text":"fig_86a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.86a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-14: policy run in which efforts to combat land erosion are initiated in 1975, in addition to the previous policies that eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_86b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_86b","text":"fig_86b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.86b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-14: policy run in which efforts to combat land erosion are initiated in 1975, in addition to the previous policies that eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_87a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_87a","text":"fig_87a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.87a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-15: policy run in which the land required for urban and industrial use is reduced to 25 percent of expected requirements, in addition to the previous policies that combat land erosion and eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_87b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_87b","text":"fig_87b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.87b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-15: policy run in which the land required for urban and industrial use is reduced to 25 percent of expected requirements, in addition to the previous policies that combat land erosion and eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_88a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_88a","text":"fig_88a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.88a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-16: equilibrium run in which the exogenous inputs level off in the year 2050. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_88b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_88b","text":"fig_88b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.88b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-16: equilibrium run in which the exogenous inputs level off in the year 2050. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_89a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_89a","text":"fig_89a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.89a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-17: equilibrium run in which the exogenous inputs level off in the year 2025. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_89b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_89b","text":"fig_89b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.89b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-17: equilibrium run in which the exogenous inputs level off in the year 2025. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_90a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_90a","text":"fig_90a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.90a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-18: equilibrium run in which the exogenous inputs level off in the year 2000. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_90b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_90b","text":"fig_90b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.90b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-18: equilibrium run in which the exogenous inputs level off in the year 2000. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Capital-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Capital system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.Capital]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_36-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_36","text":"Reproduce Fig 3.36. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of [DGFW](https://archive.org/details/dynamicsofgrowth0000unse).\n\nCaption: Driving functions for the standard run of the capital sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_37-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_37","text":"fig_37(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.37. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-1: standard run of the capital sector with exogenous inputs.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_38-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_38","text":"fig_38(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.38. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-2: behavior of the capital sector when the average lifetime of industrial capital is increased from 14 to 21 years with standard inputs.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_39-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_39","text":"fig_39(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.39. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run3-3: behaviorofthecapital sector when the capital-output ratio is decreased from 3 to 2 years with standard inputs.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_40-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_40","text":"fig_40(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.40. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-4: behavior of the capital sector when the industrial capital-output ratio is increased from 3 to 4 years with standard inputs. Note: Scales for IOPC, SOPC, and IO have been changed from their normal values.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_41-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_41","text":"fig_41(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.41. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-5: behavior of the capital sector when the fraction of capital allocated to obtaining resources is increased from 0.05 to 0.35 with other inputs at their standard values. Note: Scales for IOPC, SOPC, and IO have been changed from their normal values.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_42-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_42","text":"fig_42(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.42. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-6: behavior of the capital sector when the service capital-output ratio is increased from 1 to 2 years with standard inputs.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_43-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_43","text":"fig_43(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.43. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Driving functions for capital sector experiencing increasing resource costs.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_44-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_44","text":"fig_44(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.44. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-7: behavior of the capital sector when the fraction of capital allocated to obtaining resources increases after 1970.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_45-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_45","text":"fig_45(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.45. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Driving functions for capital sector undergoing increasing food. costs\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_46-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_46","text":"fig_46(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.46. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-8: behavior of the capital sector when the fraction of industrial output allocated to agriculture increases after 1970.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_47-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_47","text":"fig_47(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.47. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Driving functions for a population decline in the capital sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_48-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_48","text":"fig_48(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.48. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-9: behavior of the capital sector when the population declines after 1970.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Non-Renewable-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Non-Renewable system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_25-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_25","text":"fig_25(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 5.25. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 5-1: standard run for the nonrenewable resource sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_26-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_26","text":"fig_26(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 5.26. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 5-2: Behavior of the sector with double the initial value of nonrenewable resources.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_28-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_28","text":"fig_28(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 5.28. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 5-3: The effects of cost-reducing technologies on the behavior of the nonrenewable resource sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_29-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_29","text":"fig_29(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 5.29. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 5-4: the effects of resource-conserving technologies on the behavior of the nonrenewable resource sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_30-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_30","text":"fig_30(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 5.30. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 5-5: The effects of zero population growth and advanced technological policies on the behavior of the nonrenewable resource sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Pollution-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Pollution system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_26-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_26","text":"fig_26(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.26. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-1: behavior of the pollution sector in response to a pulse input in persistent pollution generation in 1920.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_27-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_27","text":"fig_27(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.27. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-2: behavior of the pollution sector in response to a step increase and decrease in persistent pollution generation.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_28-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_28","text":"fig_28(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.28. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Inputs to Run 6-3, the historical run of the pollution sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_29-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_29","text":"fig_29(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.29. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-3: historical run of the pollution sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_30-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_30","text":"fig_30(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.30. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Inputs to Run 6-4 of the pollution sector when continued material growth is assumed.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_31-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_31","text":"fig_31(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.31. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-4: behavior of the pollution sector in response to continued material growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_32-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_32","text":"fig_32(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.32. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-5: behavior of the pollution sector with decreased toxicity indices.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_33-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_33","text":"fig_33(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.33. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-6: behavior of the pollution sector when the estimate of the persistent pollution transmission delay is doubled.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_34-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_34","text":"fig_34(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.34. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-7: behavior of the pollution sector when the estimate of the persistent pollution transmission delay is halved.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_35-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_35","text":"fig_35(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.35. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-8: behavior of the pollution sector when the assimilation half-life is assumed to increase twice as fast with a rising index of persistent pollution.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_36-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_36","text":"fig_36(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.36. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-9: behavior of the pollution sector when the assimilation half-life is assumed to be constant.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_37-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_37","text":"fig_37(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.37. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-10: behavior of the pollution sector in response to a doubling of the persistent pollution transmission delay in 1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_38-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_38","text":"fig_38(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.38. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-11: behavior of the pollution sector in response to an advance in persistent pollution assimilation technology in 1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_39-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_39","text":"fig_39(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.39. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-12: behavior of the pollution sector in response to a 50 percent increase in human health and land fertility technology in 1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_40-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_40","text":"fig_40(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.40. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-13: behavior of the pollution sector in response to a sudden increase in persistent pollution generation control technology in 1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_41-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_41","text":"fig_41(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.41. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-14: behavior of the pollution sector in response to adaptive persistent pollution generation control technologies when the persistent pollution transmission delay is assumed to be 20 years.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_43-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_43","text":"fig_43(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.43. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-15: behavior of the pollution sector in response to adaptive persistent pollution generation control technologies when the persistent pollution transmission delay is assumed to be 2 years.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_44-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_44","text":"fig_44(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.44. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-16: behavior of the pollution sector when persistent pollution generation stabilizes in the year 2000.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_45-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_45","text":"fig_45(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.45. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-17: behavior of the pollution sector when persistent pollution generation stabilizes in the year 2020.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_46-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_46","text":"fig_46(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.46. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-18: behavior of the pollution sector when adaptive persistent pollution generation control technologies are combined with material equilibrium in the year 2020.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#One-level-population-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"One level population system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_100-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_100","text":"fig_100(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.100. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2- 15: constant total output, perfect fertility control, reduced desired family size.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_103a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_103a","text":"fig_103a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.103a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-18: maximum life expectancy of 100 years.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_103b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_103b","text":"fig_103b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.103b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-18: maximum life expectancy of 100 years.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_103c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_103c","text":"fig_103c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.103c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-18: maximum life expectancy of 100 years.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_84-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_84","text":"fig_84(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.84. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-1: historical behavior, 1900-1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_85-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_85","text":"fig_85(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.85. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2—2: historical behavior, 1900—1975, mortality variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_86-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_86","text":"fig_86(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.86. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-3: historical behavior, 1900-1975, fertility variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_87-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_87","text":"fig_87(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.87. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-4: constant low income.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_88-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_88","text":"fig_88(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.88. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-5: constant high income.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_89-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_89","text":"fig_89(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.89. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-6: constant low income, improved health care.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_90-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_90","text":"fig_90(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.90. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-7: exponential economic growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_91-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_91","text":"fig_91(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.91. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-8: exponential economic growth, mortality variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_93-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_93","text":"fig_93(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.93. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-9: exponential economic growth, fertility variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_96-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_96","text":"fig_96(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.96. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-11: exponential economic growth, perfect fertility control.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_97-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_97","text":"fig_97(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.97. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-12: exponential economic growth, perfect fertility control, reduced desired family size.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_98-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_98","text":"fig_98(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.98. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-13: constant total output.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_99-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_99","text":"fig_99(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.99. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-14: constant total output, perfect fertility control.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Four-level-population-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Four level population system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_100-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_100","text":"fig_100(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.100. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2- 15: constant total output, perfect fertility control, reduced desired family size.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_101a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_101a","text":"fig_101a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.101a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-16: constant total output, reference for sensitivity tests.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_101b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_101b","text":"fig_101b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.101b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-16: constant total output, reference for sensitivity tests.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_101c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_101c","text":"fig_101c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.101c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-16: constant total output, reference for sensitivity tests.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_102a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_102a","text":"fig_102a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.102a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-17: equitable food distribution and nutrition education.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_102b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_102b","text":"fig_102b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.102b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-17: equitable food distribution and nutrition education.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_102c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_102c","text":"fig_102c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.102c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-17: equitable food distribution and nutrition education.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_104a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_104a","text":"fig_104a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.104a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-19: greater allocations to health services.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_104b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_104b","text":"fig_104b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.104b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-19: greater allocations to health services.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_104c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_104c","text":"fig_104c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.104c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-19: greater allocations to health services.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_105a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_105a","text":"fig_105a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.105a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-20: no crowding effect.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_105b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_105b","text":"fig_105b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.105b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-20: no crowding effect.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_105c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_105c","text":"fig_105c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.105c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-20: no crowding effect.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_106a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_106a","text":"fig_106a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.106a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-21: constant maximum total fertility.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_106b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_106b","text":"fig_106b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.106b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-21: constant maximum total fertility.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_106c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_106c","text":"fig_106c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.106c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-21: constant maximum total fertility.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_107a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_107a","text":"fig_107a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.107a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-22: lower family size norm.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_107b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_107b","text":"fig_107b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.107b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-22: lower family size norm.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_107c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_107c","text":"fig_107c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.107c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-22: lower family size norm.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_108a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_108a","text":"fig_108a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.108a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-23: constant family size norm of 3.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_108b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_108b","text":"fig_108b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.108b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-23: constant family size norm of 3.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_108c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_108c","text":"fig_108c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.108c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-23: constant family size norm of 3.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_109a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_109a","text":"fig_109a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.109a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-24: increased social adjustment delay.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_109b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_109b","text":"fig_109b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.109b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-24: increased social adjustment delay.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_109c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_109c","text":"fig_109c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.109c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-24: increased social adjustment delay.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_110a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_110a","text":"fig_110a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.110a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-25: no income expectation effect.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_110b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_110b","text":"fig_110b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.110b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-25: no income expectation effect.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_110c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_110c","text":"fig_110c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.110c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-25: no income expectation effect.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_111a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_111a","text":"fig_111a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.111a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-26: increased compensation for perceived life expectancy.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_111b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_111b","text":"fig_111b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.111b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-26: increased compensation for perceived life expectancy.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_111c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_111c","text":"fig_111c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.111c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-26: increased compensation for perceived life expectancy.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_112a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_112a","text":"fig_112a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.112a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-27: decreased lifetime perception delay.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_112b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_112b","text":"fig_112b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.112b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-27: decreased lifetime perception delay.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_112c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_112c","text":"fig_112c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.112c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-27: decreased lifetime perception delay.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_113a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_113a","text":"fig_113a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.113a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-28: decreased fertility control effectiveness.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_113b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_113b","text":"fig_113b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.113b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-28: decreased fertility control effectiveness.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_113c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_113c","text":"fig_113c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.113c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-28: decreased fertility control effectiveness.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_84-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_84","text":"fig_84(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.84. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-1: historical behavior, 1900-1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_85-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_85","text":"fig_85(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.85. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2—2: historical behavior, 1900—1975, mortality variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_86-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_86","text":"fig_86(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.86. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-3: historical behavior, 1900-1975, fertility variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_87-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_87","text":"fig_87(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.87. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-4: constant low income.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_88-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_88","text":"fig_88(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.88. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-5: constant high income.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_89-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_89","text":"fig_89(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.89. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-6: constant low income, improved health care.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_90-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_90","text":"fig_90(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.90. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-7: exponential economic growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_91-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_91","text":"fig_91(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.91. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-8: exponential economic growth, mortality variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_93-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_93","text":"fig_93(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.93. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-9: exponential economic growth, fertility variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_96-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_96","text":"fig_96(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.96. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-11: exponential economic growth, perfect fertility control.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_97-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_97","text":"fig_97(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.97. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-12: exponential economic growth, perfect fertility control, reduced desired family size.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_98-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_98","text":"fig_98(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.98. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-13: constant total output.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_99-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_99","text":"fig_99(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.99. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-14: constant total output, perfect fertility control.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Fifteen-level-population-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Fifteen level population system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_100-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_100","text":"fig_100(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.100. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2- 15: constant total output, perfect fertility control, reduced desired family size.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_84-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_84","text":"fig_84(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.84. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-1: historical behavior, 1900-1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_85-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_85","text":"fig_85(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.85. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2—2: historical behavior, 1900—1975, mortality variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_86-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_86","text":"fig_86(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.86. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-3: historical behavior, 1900-1975, fertility variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_87-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_87","text":"fig_87(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.87. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-4: constant low income.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_88-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_88","text":"fig_88(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.88. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-5: constant high income.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_89-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_89","text":"fig_89(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.89. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-6: constant low income, improved health care.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_90-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_90","text":"fig_90(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.90. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-7: exponential economic growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_91-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_91","text":"fig_91(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.91. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-8: exponential economic growth, mortality variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_93-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_93","text":"fig_93(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.93. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-9: exponential economic growth, fertility variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_94a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_94a","text":"fig_94a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.94a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-10: exponential economic growth, higher childbearing age.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_94b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_94b","text":"fig_94b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.94b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-10: exponential economic growth, higher childbearing age.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_94c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_94c","text":"fig_94c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.94c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-10: exponential economic growth, higher childbearing age.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_96-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_96","text":"fig_96(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.96. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-11: exponential economic growth, perfect fertility control.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_97-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_97","text":"fig_97(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.97. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-12: exponential economic growth, perfect fertility control, reduced desired family size.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_98-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_98","text":"fig_98(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.98. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-13: constant total output.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_99-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_99","text":"fig_99(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.99. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-14: constant total output, perfect fertility control.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#World3-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"World3 system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_10-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_10","text":"fig_10(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.10. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-7: sensitivity of the initial value of nonrenewable resources to a doubling of NRI. To test the sensitivity of the reference run (Figure 7.7) to an error in the estimate of initial nonrenewable resources, NRI is doubled. As a result, industrialization continues for an additional 15 years until growth is again halted by the effects of resource depletion.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_11-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_11","text":"fig_11(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.11. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-8: sensitivity of the initial value of nonrenewable resources to a tenfold increase in NRI. The initial value of nonrenewable resources NRI is increased by a factor of 10, to a value well outside its most likely range. Under this optimistic assumption, the effects of nonrenewable resource depletion are no longer a constraint to growth. Note that there is no dynamic difference in this run between setting resources at 10 times their reference value or assum¬ ing an infinite value of resources. However, population and capital con¬ tinue to grow until constrained by the rising level of pollution.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_13-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_13","text":"fig_13(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.13. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-9: sensitivity of the fraction of industrial output allocated to agriculture. The slope of the fraction of industrial output allocated to agriculture FIOAA relationship is increased, reducing the time needed to redirect industrial output into or out of agricultural investment. This change has very little effect on the overall behavior of the model.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_14-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_14","text":"fig_14(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.14. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-10: sensitivity of the average lifetime of industrial capital. The average lifetime of industrial capital ALIC is increased 50 percent over its value in the reference run (from 14 years to 21 years), causing capital to grow faster than in the reference run. Although the behavior mode of the model is unchanged, the model variables do not pass through their 1970 historical values. This parameter, as well as the other parameters in the capital growth loop, is an important factor in determining the growth rate of capital.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_15-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_15","text":"fig_15(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.15. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-11: sensitivity of the average lifetime of industrial capital and the industrial capital-output ratio. As in the previous run, the average lifetime of industrial capital ALIC is increased from 14 to 21 years. To ensure that the model duplicates historical behavior, the industrial capital-output ratio ICOR is also increased (from 3 to 3.75). The resulting behavior is very similar to that of the reference run. Changes in the elements affecting capital growth, when constrained to produce behavior consistent with historical behavior, do not significantly affect the behavior of the model.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_16-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_16","text":"fig_16(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.16. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-12: improved resource exploration and extraction technologies. The implementation of improved resource exploration and extraction technologies in 1975 is modeled by lowering the capital cost of obtaining resources for industrial production. This policy allows industrial production to continue growing for a few more years than in the reference run, but it is ineffective in avoiding the effects of resource depletion.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_18-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_18","text":"fig_17(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.18. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-13: recycling technologies. The advances in resource exploration and extraction technologies of Run 7-12 are supplemented by an improvement in recycling technologies that reduces per capita resource usage by a factor of eight in 1975. That policy removes the constraining effects of resource depletion and allows population and capital growth to continue until checked by persistent pollution.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_19-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_19","text":" fig_19(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.19. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of [DGFW](https://archive.org/details/dynamicsofgrowth0000unse).\n\nCaption: Run 7-14: resource and air pollution control technologies.\nAs resource technologies eliminate the resource constraint to growth,\nindustrial output continues to grow until it generates intolerable levels of\npollution. To decrease the constraining effects of pollution on the system,\nRun 7-14 assumes that new air pollution control technologies are implemented in 1975. These additional technologies substantially reduce the\nadverse effects of air pollution on land yield. However, land yield and\nfood per capita still decline, for the high index of persistent pollution\nPPOLX decreases the land fertility. The improvement in air pollution\ncontrol technologies has solved only a small part of the pollution problem, for the rise in persistent pollutants ends growth in the other sectors of\nthe model.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_2-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_2","text":"fig_2(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.2. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-1: population sector behavior, 1900-1970. Population POP increases over time at an average growth rate of 1.2 percent per year. Both the birth rate CBR and the death rate CDR decrease over the period, the former largely because of a lower desired total fertility DTF, and the latter primarily as a result of increased health services LMHS. Both trends occur as a result of industrialization.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_20-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_20","text":"fig_20(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.20. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-15: resource and pollution technologies. Note: The scale for lOPC has been increased from 1,000 to 2,000 dollars per person-year. The resource arid air pollution control technologies of the previous run are augmented in 1975 by a technological policy that reduces by a factor of 10 the index of persistent pollution PPOLX 'generated by each unit of agricultural and industrial output. The lower level of pollution allows population and industrial output to continue to grow until the amount of available food becomes the constraining factor. The decline in food per capita FPC eventually causes a reduction in both population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_21-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_21","text":"fig_21(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.21. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-16: resource, pollution, and land yield technologies. Note: The scale of IOPC has been increased from 1,000 to 2,000 dollars per person-year. To increase food production, new agricultural technologies are implemented, augmenting the resource and pollution technologies of the previous run; they increase the land yield LY by a factor of 2 in 1975. This policy successfully raises the level of food in the short run, but in the long run the high yields cause increased land erosion, which later decreases the available food. After the year 2050 the higher rate of erosion depresses yields (and thus food per capita FPC) below the values observed in the previous run. As a result, population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC decline earlier than in Run 7-15, which assumed no new land yield technologies.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_22-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_22","text":"fig_22(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.22. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-17: resource, pollution, and agricultural technologies. Note: The scale of IOPC has been increased from 1,000 to 8,000 dollars per person-year. The resource, pollution, and land yield technologies of the previous run are supplemented in 1975 by an improvement in land maintenance technologies. These new technologies ensure that higher land yields do not lead to any significant increase in land erosion. The reduced constraints in the resource, pollution, and agriculture sectors allow population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC to continue to grow until the effects of resource depletion are again evident, as in the reference run. Both population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC decline after the year\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_23-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_23","text":"fig_23(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.23. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-18: exponential changes in technology. Here it is assumed that exponentially increasing technologies are able to postpone indefinitely the effects of the constraints to growth, as modeled in World3, at no cost and with no delays in development and implementation. The improved technologies tend to reduce per capita resource usage and pollution generation per unit of agricultural and industrial output at 4 percent per year after 1975. At the same time, land yields tend to increase at 4 percent per year, with no upper limit and with practically no adverse side effects such as land erosion. Although industrialization grows exponentially, the rate of removal of land for urban-industrial use decreases to zero by the year 2000. Finally, air pollution is assumed to have no adverse effects on land yield. Under these assumptions, population reaches 14 billion people in the year 2100 and continues to grow (though at a slow rate of 0.6 percent per year). Food is in abundance throughout the run resource usage declines to zero as fewer resources are needed to sustain output, and industrial output per capita IOPC continues to grow indefinitely.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_24-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_24","text":"fig_24(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.24. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-19: adaptive technological policies—no delays, no costs. Technological advances in reducing per capita resource usage, diminishing pollution, and increasing land yield are assumed to occur in response to a perceived need for the technologies. The maximum rate of change for each technology is assumed to be 5 percent per year. In addition, discrete advances in exploration and extraction technologies, land maintenance technologies, and air pollution technologies are assumed to be implemented in 1975. This run is similar in behavior to Run 7-18, in which technological improvements rise continuously at 4 percent per year. Growth is maintained through the year 2100 because of the absence of significant delays and costs in the development of new technologies.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_26-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_26","text":"fig_26(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.26. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-20: adaptive technological policies—the effects of limitations to technological capabilities. The adaptive technological policies assumed in this run are identical to those in Run 7-19 except that the maximum rate of technological change is assumed to be 2 percent instead of 5 percent per year. Technology is unable to avoid the effects of the constraints to growth because industrial output per capita IOPC and population POP grow faster than the maximum rate of technological change. In this run, resource depletion again halts growth in population and industrial output.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_27-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_27","text":"fig_27(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.27. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-21: adaptive technological policies—the effects of technological development and implementation costs. Here it is assumed that more effective recycling, pollution control, and land yield advances can be obtained only at increasing costs. These higher costs are represented in the model by a rise in the industrial capital-output ratio I COR. A trade-off now occurs between the benefits of continued growth and the costs of the technologies that make further growth possible. The rising costs of the new technologies cause industrial output per capita IOPC to decline after the year 2010.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_3-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_3","text":"fig_3(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-2: capital sector behavior, 1900-1970. Industrial capital IC grows exponentially, causing industrial output IO to grow. Since their growth rate is greater than that of population, industrial output per capita IOPC also grows over the period, as do service output per capita SOPC and food per capita (not graphed). As development proceeds, (1) the fraction of output in agriculture FOA declines, (2) FOA is largely replaced by the increasing fraction of output in industry FOI, and (3) the fraction of output in services FOS remains relatively constant, near 50 percent of total output.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_30-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_30","text":"fig_30(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.30. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-22: adaptive technological policies—the effects of delays and costs of technological development and implementation. Advances in recycling, pollution control, and land yield technologies are again assumed to be obtainable only at a finite cost. In addition, it is assumed that the benefits of these technologies will not be realized until 10 years after their initiation. As in Run 7-21, the rising costs, modeled as a rise in the industrial capital-output ratio ICOR, cause industrial output per capita IOPC to decline. The added costs incurred by the continued implementation of new technologies even after IOPC has peaked force IOPC to fall more precipitously than in Run 7-21.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_32-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_32","text":"fig_32(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.32. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-23: adaptive technological policies—the effects of delays and costs,with a bias for continued growth in industrial output per capita. The previous run assumed that new recycling, pollution control, and land yield technologies are developed in response to a perceived need for them. Because of the time involved in technological development and implementation, however, these new technologies were effective only after a delay. Moreover, their development and implementation required additional capital, which increased the industrial capital-output ratio. In this run, the assumptions of Run 7-22 are augmented with a societal bias toward continued growth in industrial output per capita IOPC. Technological policies are implemented only as long as they do not hamper continued growth in IOPC. This policy is effective in continuing growth in the short run but counterproductive in the long run: the failure to implement the new technologies causes a significant depletion of resources and growth is ultimately terminated.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_34-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_34","text":"fig_34(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.34. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-24: reduction of the desired completed family size. To reduce the pressures of population growth in the reference run, the desired completed family size is reduced to 2 children per family in 1975. Population POP continues to grow gradually for 70 years because of the delays inherent in the age structure. However, the effects of resource depletion again force the population to decline after 2040, as in the reference run. Since population growth is reduced, industrial output per capita IOPC and food per capita FPC rise more rapidly between 1975 and 2020 than in the reference run.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_35-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_35","text":"fig_35(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.35. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-25: increase of industrial and service capital lifetimes. Both the average lifetime of industrial capital ALIC and the lifetime of service capital ALSC are increased 50 percent in 1975, thereby extending the productivity of capital. When implemented without additional policies to reduce the capital investment rate, this policy proves to be counterproductive in the long run. Compared with the reference run, the extension of product lifetimes allows industrial output to grow more rapidly, leading to a quicker depletion of resources. The rise in resource costs forces industrial output per capita IOPC to decline earlier than in the reference run.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_36-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_36","text":"fig_36(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.36. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-26: shift in the choice of output forms. The amount of food and services desired by the population per unit of industrial output is increased by 50 percent in 1975. This shift in the choice of output slows the growth in industrial capital and industrial output, putting less pressure on the resource base. In the long run, however, the continually rising population POP thwarts the effectiveness of this policy, forcing a decline in industrial output per capita IOPC due to resource depletion.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_37-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_37","text":"fig_37(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.37. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-27: population policy and shift of output choices. A combination of social policies that cause a reduction of growth both in population and in industrial capital is simulated in this run. In 1975 the desired completed family size is reduced to 2 children per family and the amount of services and food per unit of industrial output desired by the population is increased by 50 percent. The resulting behavior is substantially more stable than in the reference run, but the overshoot and decline mode is still evident. In World3, even these reduced levels of population and industrial capital cannot be sustained over the long term; new technological policies must be added to offset the effects of the limits to growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_38-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_38","text":"fig_38(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.38. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-28: equilibrium through discrete policy changes. To obtain one example of a sustainable state of equilibrium, this run combines discrete policy changes in both technology and social values. To stabilize the population POP, the desired completed family size is reduced to 2 children per family in 1975. The growth in industrial capital is reduced in 1990 by reinvesting only enough industrial output to keep industrial output per capita IOPC at a constant level. In addition, new recycling and pollution control technologies are developed, capital lifetimes are increased, and social choices of output forms are shifted toward a preference for food and services. Population POP stabilizes in 2050 at 5 billion people, industrial output per capita IOPC levels off in 1990 at 350 dollars per person-year, and food per capita FPC stabilizes by the year 2000 at three times the subsistence level. The index of persistent pollution PPOLX is kept at very low levels, and the rate of resource depletion is slow enough to permit technology and industrial processes to adjust to changes in the availability of resources.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_39-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_39","text":"fig_39(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.39. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-29: equilibrium through adaptive policies. Adaptive technological policies that increase resource recycling, reduce persistent pollution generation, and increase land yields are combined with social policies that stabilize population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC. The technological advances in recycling, pollution control , and land yields are assumed to be effective only after a delay and to require capital for their development and implementation. As in the adaptive technological runs described in section 7.5, additional technologies are assumed to be implemented in 1975. These policies lower resource costs, decrease the effects of air pollution, and reduce land erosion. The resulting model behavior reaches equilibrium because the stable population and capital reduce the need for new technologies. Thus the newly implemented technologies are less costly, and the delays in their development and implementation are less critical to their effectiveness.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_4-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_4","text":"fig_4(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.4. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-3: agriculture sector behavior, 1900-1970. Increases in arable land AL and land yields LY cause a rise in food production over the historical period. The increase in land yields is primarily attributable to greater agricultural inputs per hectare AIPH (fertilizers, pesticides), for the land fertility LFERT remains nearly constant. Food per capita FPC also grows during the 70-year period but at a much slower rate than total food F, since the population is also increasing.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_41-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_41","text":"fig_41(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.41. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-30: stabilization policies introduced in the year 2000. The combination of adaptive technological and social policies of the previous run are not introduced until the year 2000. The continuation of growth for an additional 25 years further erodes the carrying capacity of World3; therefore, the policies that led to equilibrium 25 years earlier are no longer effective.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_5-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_5","text":"fig_5(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.5. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-4: nonrenewable resource sector behavior, 1900-1970. The rate of usage of nonrenewable resources NRUR grows exponentially at 4 percent per year over the historical period. This continuous increase is caused by the growth in both population POP and resource usage per capita PCRUM. Per capita resource usage rises as a result of industrial development. The increase in resource usage occurs at no additional increase in unit costs (see FCAOR in graph), in accordance with historical trends. In 1970, over 90 percent of the initial supply of nonrenewable resources remains to be used.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_6-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_6","text":"fig_6(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.6. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-5: persistent pollution sector behavior, 1900-1970. The rate of generation of persistent pollutants PPGR increases exponentially as its two components, persistent pollutants generated from industrial output PPGIO and persistent pollutants generated from agricultural output PPG AO, rise over the 70-year period. After a 20-year delay, the persistent pollutant appearance rate PPAPR also rises, causing the index of persistent pollutants PPOLX to rise and eventually pass through its normalized value of 1.0 in 1970.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_7-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_7","text":"fig_7(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.7. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-6A: World3 reference run. This is the World3 reference run, to be compared with the sensitivity and policy tests that follow. Both population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC grow beyond sustainable levels and subsequently decline. The cause of their decline is traceable to the depletion of nonrenewable resources. Runs 7-6B and 7-6C illustrate the mechanisms that force population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC to decline.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_8-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_8","text":"fig_8(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.8. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-6B: capital sector variables from the reference run. This and the following run depict the mechanisms that forced population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC to decline in the preceding reference run (Figure 7.7). As resources are depleted, a larger fraction of capital must be allocated to obtaining resources FCAOR after the year 2000. FCAOR rises quite steeply because of the high rate of growth of the nonrenewable resource usage rate. The increase in FCAOR reduces the amount of capital allocated to producing industrial output so that both industrial output 10 and industrial output per capita 10PC decrease after the year 2015. The lower industrial output 10 causes a reduction in total agricultural investment TAI and therefore in the amount of agricultural inputs per hectare AIPH allocated to producing food.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_9-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_9","text":"fig_9(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.9. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-6C: agriculture sector variables from the reference run. As the level of agricultural inputs per hectare AIPH decreases after the year 2015 (Run 7-6B), land yield LY begins to fall. The resulting drop in food production causes food per capita FPC to decline after 2015. The lower food per capita FPC in turn reduces the lifetime multiplier from food LMF, which eventually raises the death rate and stops population growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Reproducing-World3-91-figures","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Reproducing World3-91 figures","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#World3-91-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"World3-91 system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3_91]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario1a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario1a","text":"fig_scenario1a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the first subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 133, in BTL.\n\nCaption: The \"Standard Run\" from The Limits to Growth The world society proceeds along its historical path as long as possible without major policy change. Population and industry output grow until a combination of environmental and natural resource constraints eliminate the capacity of the capital sector to sustain investment. Industrial capital begins to depreciate faster than the new investment can rebuild it. As it falls, food and health services also fall, decreasing life expectancy and raising the death rate.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario1b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario1b","text":"fig_scenario1b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the second subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 133, in BTL.\n\nCaption: The \"Standard Run\" from The Limits to Growth The world society proceeds along its historical path as long as possible without major policy change. Population and industry output grow until a combination of environmental and natural resource constraints eliminate the capacity of the capital sector to sustain investment. Industrial capital begins to depreciate faster than the new investment can rebuild it. As it falls, food and health services also fall, decreasing life expectancy and raising the death rate.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario2a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario2a","text":"fig_scenario2a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the first subfigure of Scenario 2 from Chapter 4, page 135, in BTL.\n\nCaption: Doubled Resources Are Added to Scenario 1 If we double the natural resource endowment we assumed in Scenario 1, industry can grow 20 years longer. Population rises to more than 9 billion in 2040. These increased levels generate much more pollution, which reduces land yield and forces much greater investment in agriculture. Eventually declining food raises the population death rate.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario2b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario2b","text":"fig_scenario2b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the second subfigure of Scenario 2 from Chapter 4, page 135, in BTL.\n\nCaption: Doubled Resources Are Added to Scenario 1 If we double the natural resource endowment we assumed in Scenario 1, industry can grow 20 years longer. Population rises to more than 9 billion in 2040. These increased levels generate much more pollution, which reduces land yield and forces much greater investment in agriculture. Eventually declining food raises the population death rate.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Reproducing-World3-03-figures","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Reproducing World3-03 figures","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#World3-03-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"World3-03 system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3_03]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_03.fig_scenario1a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_03.fig_scenario1a","text":"fig_scenario1a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the first subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 169, in LtG30y.\n\nCaption: Scenario 1: A Reference Point The world society proceeds in a traditional manner without any major deviation from the policies pursued during most of the twentieth century. Population and production increase until growth is halted by increasingly inaccessible nonrenewable resources. Ever more investment is required to maintain resource flows. Finally, lack of investment funds in the other sectors of the economy leads to declining output of both industrial goods and services. As they fall, food and health services are reduced, decreasing life expectancy and raising average death rates.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_03.fig_scenario1b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_03.fig_scenario1b","text":"fig_scenario1b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the second subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 169, in LtG30y.\n\nCaption: Scenario 1: A Reference Point The world society proceeds in a traditional manner without any major deviation from the policies pursued during most of the twentieth century. Population and production increase until growth is halted by increasingly inaccessible nonrenewable resources. Ever more investment is required to maintain resource flows. Finally, lack of investment funds in the other sectors of the economy leads to declining output of both industrial goods and services. As they fall, food and health services are reduced, decreasing life expectancy and raising average death rates.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_03.fig_scenario1c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_03.fig_scenario1c","text":"fig_scenario1c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the third subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 169, in LtG30y.\n\nCaption: Scenario 1: A Reference Point The world society proceeds in a traditional manner without any major deviation from the policies pursued during most of the twentieth century. Population and production increase until growth is halted by increasingly inaccessible nonrenewable resources. Ever more investment is required to maintain resource flows. Finally, lack of investment funds in the other sectors of the economy leads to declining output of both industrial goods and services. As they fall, food and health services are reduced, decreasing life expectancy and raising average death rates.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"world2/#eqs_vars_pars_2","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world2/","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"In this page we list the equations, the variables and the parameters of the World2 model as described in Chapter 3 and Appendix B of the book World dynamics (1973). Even if it is not said explicitily in the book, the World2 model consists of six systems containing several subsystems.","category":"page"},{"location":"world2/#Equations","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Equations","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world2/","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"System # Definition Reference Notes\nPopulation 1 fracdmathttpdt = mathttbr - mathttdr page 33 see initialisation of mathttp\nPopulation 2 mathttbr = mathttptimesmathitclip(mathttbrn mathttbrn1mathittmathttswt1)timesmathttbrfmtimesmathttbrmmtimesmathttbrcmtimesmathttbrpm page 34 see values of mathttbrn, mathttbrn1, and mathttswt1\nPopulation 3 mathttbrmm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttmslright) page 35 see table mathttbrmm\nCapital investment 4 mathttmsl=fracmathttecirmathttecirn page 36 see value of mathttecirn\nCapital investment 5 mathttecir=fracmathttcirtimes(1-mathttciaf)timesmathttnrem1-mathttciafn page 37 see value of mathttciafn\nNatural resources 6 mathttnrem=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttnrfrright) page 38 see table mathttnrem\nNatural resources 7 mathttnrfr=fracmathttnrmathttnri page 38 see initialisation of mathttnr\nNatural resources 8 fracdmathttnrdt = - mathttnrur page 39 see initialisation of mathttnr\nNatural resources 9 mathttnrur = mathttptimesmathitclip(mathttnrun mathttnrun1mathittmathttswt2)timesmathttnrmm page 39 see values of mathttnrun, mathttnrun1, and mathttswt2\nPopulation 10 mathttdr = mathttptimesmathitclip(mathttdrn mathttdrn1mathittmathttswt3)timesmathttdrfmtimesmathttdrmmtimesmathttdrcmtimesmathttdrpm page 40 see values of mathttdrn, mathttdrn1, and mathttswt3\nPopulation 11 mathttdrmm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttmslright) page 41 see table mathttdrmm\nPopulation 12 mathttdrpm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttpolrright) page 42 see table mathttdrpm\nPopulation 13 mathttdrfm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttfrright) page 43 see table mathttdrfm\nPopulation 14 mathttdrcm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttcrright) page 44 see table mathttdrcm\nPopulation 15 mathttcr=fracmathttpmathttlatimesmathttpdn page 44 see values of mathttla and mathttpdn\nPopulation 16 mathttbrcm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttcrright) page 45 see table mathttbrcm\nPopulation 17 mathttbrfm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttfrright) page 46 see table mathttbrfm\nPopulation 18 mathttbrpm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttpolrright) page 47 see table mathttbrpm\nAgricultural investment 19 mathttfr = fracmathttfpcitimesmathttfcmtimesmathttfpmtimesmathitclip(mathttfc mathttfc1mathittmathttswt7)mathttfn page 47 see values of mathttfc, mathttfc1, mathttfn, and mathttswt7\nAgricultural investment 20 mathttfcm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttcrright) page 48 see table mathttfcm\nAgricultural investment 21 mathttfpci=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttciraright) page 49 see table mathttfpci\nCapital investment 22 mathttcira=fracmathttcirtimesmathttciafmathttciafn page 50 see value of mathttciafn\nCapital investment 23 mathttcir=fracmathttcimathttp page 50 \nCapital investment 24 fracdmathttcidt = mathttcig-mathttcid page 50 see initialisation of mathttci\nCapital investment 25 mathttcig = mathttptimesmathttbrfmtimesmathitclip(mathttcign mathttcign1mathittmathttswt4) page 51 see values of mathttcign, mathttcign1, and mathttswt4\nCapital investment 26 mathttcim=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttmslright) page 52 see table mathttcim\nCapital investment 27 mathttcid = mathttcitimesmathitclip(mathttcidn mathttcidn1mathittmathttswt5) page 53 see values of mathttcidn, mathttcidn1, and mathttswt5\nAgriculture investment 28 mathttfpm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttpolrright) page 54 see table mathttfpm\nPollution 29 mathttpolr = fracmathttpolmathttpols page 54 see value of mathttpols\nPollution 30 fracdmathttpoldt = mathttpolg-mathttpola page 54 see initialisation of mathttpol\nPollution 31 mathttpolg = mathttptimesmathitclip(mathttpoln mathttpoln1mathittmathttswt6)timesmathttpolcm page 55 see values of mathttpoln, mathttpoln1, and mathttswt6\nPollution 32 mathttpolcm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttcirright) page 56 see table mathttpolcm\nPollution 33 mathttpola=fracmathttpolmathttpolat page 57 see table mathttpolcm\nPollution 34 mathttpolat=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttpolrright) page 58 see table mathttpolat\nAgriculture investment 35 fracdmathttciafdt = fracmathttcfifrtimesmathttciqr-mathttciafmathttciaft page 59 see initialisation of mathttciaf and value of mathttciaft\nAgriculture investment 36 mathttcfifr=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttfrright) page 60 see table mathttcfifr\nQuality life 37 mathttql = mathttqlstimesmathttqlmtimesmathttqlctimesmathttqlftimesmathttqlp page 60 see value of mathttqls\nQuality life 38 mathttqlm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttmslright) page 61 see table mathttqlm\nQuality life 39 mathttqlc=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttcrright) page 62 see table mathttqlc\nQuality life 40 mathttqlf=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttfrright) page 63 see table mathttqlf\nQuality life 41 mathttqlp=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttpolrright) page 64 see table mathttqlp\nNatural resources 42 mathttnrmm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttmslright) page 64 see table mathttnrmm\nAgriculture investment 43 mathttciqr=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttqlmmathttqlfright) page 65 see table mathttciqr","category":"page"},{"location":"world2/#Variable-and-(ODE)-subsystem-correspondance","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Variable and (ODE) subsystem correspondance","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world2/","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Description Name Main subsystem Other subsystems\nPopulation p population birth_rate, capital_investment, capital_investment_generation, death_rate, natural_resources_usage_rate, pollution_generation\nBirth rate br birth_rate population\nBirth rate from crowding multiplier brcm birth_rate \nBirth rate from food multiplier brfm birth_rate \nBirth rate from material multiplier brmm birth_rate \nBirth rate from pollution multiplier brpm birth_rate \nCapital investment ci capital_investment capital_investment_discard\nCapital fraction indicated by food ratio cfifr agriculture_investment \nCapital investment in agriculture fraction ciaf agriculture_investment capital_investment\nCapital investment discard cid capital_investment_discard capital_investment\nCapital investment generation cig capital_investment_generation capital_investment\nCapital investment multiplier cim capital_investment_generation \nCapital investment from quality ratio ciqr agriculture_investment \nCapital investment ratio cir capital_investment pollution_generation\nCapital investment ratio in agriculture cira capital_investment agriculture_investment\nCrowding ratio cr population agriculture_investment, birth_rate, death_rate, quality_life\nDeath rate dr death_rate population\nDeath rate from crowding multiplier drcm death_rate \nDeath rate from food multiplier drfm death_rate \nDeath rate from material multiplier drmm death_rate \nDeath rate from pollution multiplier drpm death_rate \nEffective capital investment ratio ecir capital_investment \nFood from crowding multiplier fcm agriculture_investment \nFood potential from capital investment fpci agriculture_investment \nFood from pollution multiplier fpm agriculture_investment \nFood ratio fr agriculture_investment birth_rate, death_rate, quality_life\nMaterial standard of living msl capital_investment birth_rate, capital_investment_generation, death_rate, natural_resources_usage_rate, quality_life\nNatural resources nr natural_resources \nNatural resource extraction multiplier nrem natural_resources capital_investment\nNatural resource fraction remaining nrfr natural_resources \nNatural resources from material multiplier nrmm natural_resources_usage_rate \nNatural resource usage rate nrur natural_resources_usage_rate natural_resources\nPollution pol pollution pollution_absorption\nPollution absorption pola pollution_absorption pollution\nPollution absorption time polat pollution_absorption \nPollution from capital multiplier polcm pollution_generation \nPollution generation polg pollution_generation pollution\nPollution ratio polr pollution agriculture_investment, birth_rate, death_rate, pollution_absorption, quality_life\nQuality of life ql quality_life \nQuality of life from crowding qlc quality_life \nQuality of life from food qlf quality_life agriculture_investment\nQuality of life from material qlm quality_life agriculture_investment\nQuality of life from pollution qlp quality_life ","category":"page"},{"location":"world2/#Variable-initializations","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Variable initializations","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world2/","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Description Initialization Reference\nCapital investment mathttci(0)=04e9 page 50\nAgriculture investment mathttciaf(0)=02 page 59\nNatural resources mathttnr(0)=900e9 page 39\nPopulation mathttp(0)=165e9 page\nPollution mathttpol(0)=02e9 page 54","category":"page"},{"location":"world2/#Parameters","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Parameters","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world2/","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Description Name Value System\nBirth rate normal mathttbrn 004 Population\nBirth rate normal no. 1 mathttbrn1 004 Population\nCapital investment in agriculture fraction normal mathttciafn 03 Capital investment\nCapital investment in agriculture fraction adjustment time mathttciaft 15 Agriculture investment\nCapital investment discard normal mathttcidn 0025 Capital investment\nCapital investment discard normal no. 1 mathttcidn1 0025 Capital investment\nCapital investment generation normal mathttcign 005 Capital investment\nCapital investment generation normal no. 1 mathttcign1 005 Capital investment\nDeath rate normal mathttdrn 0028 Population\nDeath rate normal no. 1 mathttdrn1 0028 Population\nEffective capital investment ratio normal mathttecirn 1 Capital investment\nFood coefficient mathttfc 1 Agriculture investment\nFood coefficient no. 1 mathttfc1 1 Agriculture investment\nFood normal mathttfn 1 Agriculture investment\nLand area mathttla 135e6 Population\nNatural resource usage normal mathttnrun 1 Natural resources\nNatural resource usage normal no. 1 mathttnrun1 1 Natural resources\nPopulation density normal mathttpdn 265 Population\nPollution normal mathttpoln 1 Pollution\nPollution normal no. 1 mathttpoln1 1 Pollution\nPollution standard mathttpols 36e9 Pollution\nQuality of life standard mathttqls 1 Quality life\nSwitch time no. 1 for brn mathttswt1 1970 Population\nSwitch time no. 2 for nrun mathttswt2 1970 Natural resources\nSwitch time no. 3 for nrun mathttswt3 1970 Population\nSwitch time no. 4 for cign mathttswt4 1970 Capital investment\nSwitch time no. 5 for cidn mathttswt5 1970 Capital investment\nSwitch time no. 6 for poln mathttswt6 1970 Pollution\nSwitch time no. 7 for fc mathttswt7 1970 Population","category":"page"},{"location":"world2/#Tables-and-ranges","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Tables and ranges","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world2/","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Variable name Table Range System\nmathttbrcm (105 10 09 07 06 055) (0 5) Population\nmathttbrfm (00 10 16 19 20) (0 4) Population\nmathttbrmm (12 10 085 075 07 07) (0 5) Population\nmathttbrpm (102 09 07 04 025 015 01) (0 60) Population\nmathttcfifr (10 06 03 015 01) (0 2) Agriculture investment\nmathttcim (01 10 18 24 28 30) (0 5) Capital investment\nmathttciqr (07 08 10 15 20) (0 2) Agriculture investment\nmathttdrcm (09 10 12 15 19 30) (0 5) Population\nmathttdrfm (300 30 20 14 10 07 06 05 05) (0 2) Population\nmathttdrmm (30 18 10 08 07 06 053 05 05 05 05) (0 5) Population\nmathttdrpm (092 13 20 32 48 68 92) (0 60) Population\nmathttfcm (24 10 06 04 03 02) (0 5) Agricultural investment\nmathttfpci (05 10 14 17 19 205 22) (0 6) Agricultural investment\nmathttfpm (102 09 065 035 02 01 005) (0 60) Agricultural investment\nmathttnrem (00 015 05 085 10) (0 1) Natural resources\nmathttnrmm (00 10 18 24 29 33 36 38 39 395 40) (0 10) Natural resources\nmathttpolat (06 25 50 80 115 155 200) (0 60) Pollution\nmathttpolcm (005 10 30 54 74 80) (0 5) Pollution\nmathttqlc (20 13 10 075 055 045 038 03 025 022 02) (0 5) Quality life\nmathttqlf (00 10 18 24 27) (0 4) Quality life\nmathttqlm (02 10 17 23 27 29) (0 5) Quality life\nmathttqlp (104 085 06 03 015 005 002) (0 60) Quality life","category":"page"},{"location":"world3/#eqs_vars_pars","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world3/","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"In this page we list the equations, the variables and the parameters of the World3 model as described in Appendices A and B of the book Dynamics of growth in a finite world (1974) (our code also implement the model corresponding to each system of the entire World3 model as described in Chapter 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the book, but we do not list here the equations, the variables and the parameters of each such model).","category":"page"},{"location":"world3/#Equations","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Equations","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world3/","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"System # Definition Reference Notes\nPopulation 1 mathttpop = mathttp1 + mathttp2 + mathttp3 + mathttp4 page 567 \nPopulation 2 fracdmathttp1dt = mathttbr - mathttd1 - mathttmat1 page 567 see initialisation of mathttp1\nPopulation 3 mathttd1 = mathttm1timesmathttp1 page 567 \nPopulation 4 mathttm1=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttleright) page 567 see table mathttm1\nPopulation 5 mathttmat1 = frac115times(1 - mathttm1)timesmathttp1 page 567 \nPopulation 6 fracdmathttp2dt = mathttmat1 - mathttd2 - mathttmat2 page 567 see initialisation of mathttp2\nPopulation 7 mathttd2 = mathttm2timesmathttp2 page 567 \nPopulation 8 mathttm2=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttleright) page 568 see table mathttm2\nPopulation 9 mathttmat2 = frac130times(1 - mathttm2)timesmathttp2 page 568 \nPopulation 10 fracdmathttp3dt = mathttmat2 - mathttd3 - mathttmat3 page 568 see initialisation of mathttp3\nPopulation 11 mathttd3 = mathttm3timesmathttp3 page 568 \nPopulation 12 mathttm3=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttleright) page 568 see table mathttm3\nPopulation 13 mathttmat3 = frac120times(1 - mathttm3)timesmathttp3 page 568 \nPopulation 14 fracdmathttp4dt = mathttmat3 - mathttd4 page 568 see initialisation of mathttp1=4\nPopulation 15 mathttd4 = mathttm4timesmathttp4 page 568 \nPopulation 16 mathttm4=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttleright) page 568 see table mathttm4\nPopulation 17 mathttd=mathttd1+mathttd2+mathttd3+mathttd4 page 568 mathttdr in our code\nPopulation 18 mathttcdr=1000timesfracmathttdmathttpop page 568 \nPopulation 19 mathttle=mathttlentimesmathttlmftimesmathttlmhstimesmathttlmptimesmathttlmc page 568 see value of mathttlen\nPopulation 20 mathttlmf=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttfpcmathttsfpcright) page 569 see table mathttlmf\nPopulation 21 mathtthsapc=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttsopcright) page 569 see table mathtthsapc\nPopulation 22 fracdmathttehspcdt=fracmathtthsapc-mathttehspcmathtthsid page 569 see value of mathtthsid\nPopulation 23 $ \\mathtt{lmhs}=clip(\\mathtt{lmhs2},\\mathtt{lmhs1},t,\\mathtt{iphst}) $ page 569 see value of mathttiphst\nPopulation 24 mathttlmhs1=mathitinterpolate(mathttehspc) page 569 see table mathttlmhs1\nPopulation 25 mathttlmhs2=mathitinterpolate(mathttehspc) page 569 see table mathttlmhs2\nPopulation 26 mathttfpu=mathitinterpolate(mathttpop) page 569 see table mathttfpu\nPopulation 27 mathttcmi=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 569 see table mathttcmi\nPopulation 28 mathttlmc=1-mathttcmitimesmathttfpu page 570 \nPopulation 29 mathttlmp=mathitinterpolate(mathttppolx) page 570 see table mathttlmp\nPopulation 30 $ \\mathtt{b}=clip(\\mathtt{d},\\frac{\\mathtt{tf}\\times\\mathtt{p2}\\times0.5}{\\mathtt{rlt}},t,\\mathtt{pet}) $ page 570 mathttbr in our code, see values of mathttrlt and mathttpet\nPopulation 31 mathttcbr=1000timesfracmathttbmathttpop page 570 \nPopulation 32 mathttlmp=mathitmin(mathttmtf mathttmtftimes(1-mathttfce)+mathttdtftimesmathttfce) page 570 \nPopulation 33 mathttmtf=mathttmtfntimesmathttfm page 570 see value of mathttmtfn\nPopulation 34 mathttfm=mathitinterpolate(mathttle) page 570 see table mathttfm\nPopulation 35 mathttdtf=mathttdcfstimesmathttcmple page 570 \nPopulation 36 mathttcmple=mathitinterpolate(mathttple) page 570 see table mathttcmple\nPopulation 37 fracdmathttpledt=3timesfracmathttple2-mathttplemathttlpd page 571 see value of mathttlpd\nPopulation 37 fracdmathttple2dt=3timesfracmathttple1-mathttple2mathttlpd page 571 see value of mathttlpd\nPopulation 37 fracdmathttple1dt=3timesfracmathttle-mathttple1mathttlpd page 571 see value of mathttlpd\nPopulation 38 $ \\mathtt{dcfs}=clip(2,\\mathtt{dcfsn}\\times\\mathtt{frsn}\\times\\mathtt{sfsn},t,\\mathtt{zpgt}) $ page 571 see values of mathttdcfsn and mathttzpgt\nPopulation 39 mathttsfsn=mathitinterpolate(mathttdiopc) page 571 see table mathttsfsn\nPopulation 40 fracdmathttdiopcdt=3timesfracmathttdiopc2-mathttdiopcmathttsad page 571 see value of mathttsad\nPopulation 40 fracdmathttdiopc2dt=3timesfracmathttdiopc1-mathttdiopc2mathttsad page 571 see value of mathttsad\nPopulation 40 fracdmathttdiopc1dt=3timesfracmathttiopc-mathttdiopc1mathttsad page 571 see value of mathttsad\nPopulation 41 mathttfrsn=mathitinterpolate(mathttfie) page 571 see table mathttfrsn and initialisation of mathttfrsn\nPopulation 42 mathttfie=fracmathttiopc-mathttaiopcmathttaiopc page 571 \nPopulation 43 fracdmathttaiopcdt=fracmathttiopc-mathttaiopcmathttieat page 571 see value of mathttieat\nPopulation 44 mathttnfc=fracmathttmtfmathttdtf-1 page 571 \nPopulation 45 mathttfce=clip(1mathitinterpolate(mathttfcfpc)tmathttfcest) page 571 see table mathttfce and value of mathttfcest\nPopulation 46 fracdmathttfcfpcdt=3timesfracmathttfcfpc2-mathttfcfpcmathtthsid page 572 see value of mathtthsid\nPopulation 46 fracdmathttfcfpc2dt=3timesfracmathttfcfpc1-mathttfcfpc2mathtthsid page 572 see value of mathtthsid\nPopulation 46 fracdmathttfcfpc1dt=3timesfracmathttfcapc-mathttfcfpc1mathtthsid page 572 see value of mathtthsid\nPopulation 47 mathttfcapc=mathttfsafctimesmathttsopc page 572 \nPopulation 48 mathttfsafc=mathitinterpolate(mathttnfc) page 572 see table mathttfsafc\nCapital 49 mathttiopc=fracmathttiomathttpop page 572 \nCapital 50 mathttio=fracmathttictimes(1-mathttfcaor)timesmathttcufmathtticor page 572 \nCapital 51 mathttfce=clip(mathtticor2mathtticor1tmathttpyear) page 572 see values of mathtticor1, mathtticor2, and mathttpyear\nCapital 52 fracdmathtticdt=mathtticir-mathtticdr page 572 see initialisation of mathttic\nCapital 53 mathtticdr=fracmathtticmathttalic page 572 \nCapital 54 mathttalic=clip(mathttalic2mathttalic1tmathttpyear) page 573 see values of mathttalic1, mathttalic2, and mathttpyear\nCapital 55 mathtticir=mathttiotimesmathttfioai page 573 \nCapital 56 mathttfioai=1-mathttfioaa-mathttfioas-mathttfioac page 573 \nCapital 57 mathttfioac=clip(mathttfioacvmathttfioacctmathttiet) page 573 see value of mathttiet\nCapital 58 mathttfioacc=clip(mathttfioac2mathttfioac1tmathttpyear) page 573 see values of mathttfioac1, mathttfioac2, and mathttpyear\nCapital 59 mathttfioacv=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttiopcmathttiopcdright) page 571 see table mathttfioacv\nCapital 60 mathttisopc=clip(mathttisopc2mathttisopc1tmathttpyear) page 573 see value of mathttpyear\nCapital 61 mathttisopc1=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 573 see table mathttisopc1\nCapital 62 mathttisopc2=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 574 see table mathttisopc2\nCapital 63 mathttfioas=clip(mathttfioas2mathttfioas1tmathttpyear) page 574 see value of mathttpyear\nCapital 64 mathttfioas1=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttsopcmathttisopcright) page 574 see table mathttfioas1\nCapital 65 mathttfioas2=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttsopcmathttisopcright) page 574 see table mathttfioas2\nCapital 66 mathttscir=mathttiotimesmathttfioas page 574 \nCapital 67 fracdmathttscdt=mathttscir-mathttscdr page 574 see initialisation of mathttsc\nCapital 68 mathttscdr=fracmathttscmathttalsc page 574 \nCapital 69 mathttalsc=clip(mathttalsc2mathttalsc1tmathttpyear) page 574 see values of mathttalsc1, mathttalsc2, and mathttpyear\nCapital 70 mathttso=fracmathttsctimesmathttcufmathttscor page 575 \nCapital 71 mathttsopc=fracmathttsomathttpop page 575 \nCapital 72 mathttscor=clip(mathttscor2mathttscor1tmathttpyear) page 575 see values of mathttscor1, mathttscor2, and mathttpyear\nCapital 73 mathttj=mathttpjis+mathttpjas+mathttpjss page 575 \nCapital 74 mathttpjis=mathttictimesmathttjpicu page 575 \nCapital 75 mathttjpicu=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc)times0001 page 575 see table mathttjpicu\nCapital 76 mathttpjss=mathttsctimesmathttjpscu page 575 \nCapital 77 mathttjpscu=mathitinterpolate(mathttsopc)times0001 page 575 see table mathttjpscu\nCapital 78 mathttpjas=mathttjphtimesmathttal page 575 \nCapital 79 mathttjph=mathitinterpolate(mathttaiph) page 575 see table mathttjph\nCapital 80 mathttlf=(mathttp2+mathttp3)timesmathttlfpf page 575-6 see value of mathttlfpf\nCapital 81 mathttluf=fracmathttjmathttlf page 576 \nCapital 82 fracdmathttlufddt=fracmathttluf-mathttlufdmathttlufdt page 576 see value of mathttlufdt\nCapital 83 mathttcuf=mathitinterpolate(mathttlufd) page 576 see table mathttcuf and initialisation of mathttcuf\nAgriculture 84 mathttlfc=fracmathttalmathttpalt page 576 see value of mathttpalt\nAgriculture 85 fracdmathttaldt=mathttldr-mathttler-mathttlrui page 576 see initialisation of mathttal\nAgriculture 86 fracdmathttpaldt=-mathttldr page 576 see initialisation of mathttpal\nAgriculture 87 mathttf=mathttlytimesmathttaltimesmathttlfhtimes(1-mathttpl) page 576 see values of mathttlfh and mathttpl\nAgriculture 88 mathttfpc=fracmathttfmathttpop page 576 \nAgriculture 89 mathttifpc=clip(mathttifpc2mathttifpc1tmathttpyear) page 577 see value of mathttpyear\nAgriculture 90 mathttifpc1=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 577 see table mathttifpc1\nAgriculture 91 mathttifpc2=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 577 see table mathttifpc2\nAgriculture 92 mathtttai=mathttiotimesmathttfioaa page 577 \nAgriculture 93 mathttfioaa=clip(mathttfioaa2mathttfioaa1tmathttpyear) page 577 see value of mathttpyear\nAgriculture 94 mathttfioaa1=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttfpcmathttifpcright) page 577 see table mathttfioaa1\nAgriculture 95 mathttfioaa2=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttfpcmathttifpcright) page 577 see table mathttfioaa2\nAgriculture 96 mathttldr=fracmathtttaitimesmathttfialdmathttdcph page 577 \nAgriculture 97 mathttdcph=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttpalmathttpaltright) page 578 see table mathttdcph\nAgriculture 98 mathttcai=mathtttaitimes(1-mathttfiald) page 578 \nAgriculture 99 fracdmathttaidt=fracmathttcai-mathttaimathttalai page 578 see initialisation of mathttai\nAgriculture 100 mathttalai=clip(mathttalai2mathttalai1tmathttpyear) page 578 see values of mathttalai1, mathttalai2, and mathttpyear\nAgriculture 101 mathttaiph=fracmathttaitimes(1-mathttfalm)mathttal page 578 \nAgriculture 102 mathttlymc=mathitinterpolate(mathttaiph) page 578 see table mathttlymc\nAgriculture 103 mathttly=mathttlyftimesmathttlferttimesmathttlymctimesmathttlymap page 578 \nAgriculture 104 mathttlyf=clip(mathttlyf2mathttlyf1tmathttpyear) page 578 see values of mathttlyf1, mathttlyf2, and mathttpyear\nAgriculture 105 mathttlymap=clip(mathttlymap2mathttlymap1tmathttpyear) page 579 see value of mathttpyear\nAgriculture 106 mathttlymap1=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttiomathttio70right) page 579 see table mathttlymap1 and value of mathttio70\nAgriculture 107 mathttlymap2=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttiomathttio70right) page 579 see table mathttlymap2 and value of mathttio70\nAgriculture 108 mathttfiald=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttmpldmathttmpairight) page 579 see table mathttfiald\nAgriculture 109 mathttmpld=fracmathttlymathttdcphtimesmathttsd page 579 see value of mathttsd\nAgriculture 110 mathttmpai=fracmathttalaitimesmathttlytimesmathttmlymcmathttlymc page 579 \nAgriculture 111 mathttmlymc=mathitinterpolate(mathttaiph) page 579 see table mathttmlymc\nAgriculture 112 mathttall=mathttallntimesmathttllmy page 580 see value of mathttalln\nAgriculture 113 mathttllmy=clip(mathttllmy2mathttllmy1tmathttpyear) page 580 see value of mathttpyear\nAgriculture 114 mathttllmy1=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttlymathttilfright) page 580 see table mathttllmy1\nAgriculture 115 mathttllmy2=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttlymathttilfright) page 580 see table mathttllmy2\nAgriculture 116 mathttler=fracmathttalmathttall page 580 \nAgriculture 117 mathttuilpc=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 580 see table mathttuilpc\nAgriculture 118 mathttuilr=mathttuilpctimesmathttpop page 580 \nAgriculture 119 mathttlrui=mathitmaxleft(0fracmathttuilr-mathttuilmathttuildtright) page 580 see value of mathttuildt\nAgriculture 120 fracdmathttuildt=mathttlrui page 580 see initialisation of mathttuil\nAgriculture 121 fracdmathttlfertdt=mathttlfr-mathttlfd page 581 see initialisation of mathttlfert\nAgriculture 122 mathttlfdr=mathitinterpolate(mathttppolx) page 581 see table mathttlfdr\nAgriculture 123 mathttlfd=mathttlferttimesmathttlfdr page 581 \nAgriculture 124 mathttlfr=fracmathttilf-mathttlfertmathttlfrt page 581 see value of mathttilf\nAgriculture 125 mathttlfrt=mathitinterpolate(mathttfalm) page 581 see table mathttlfrt\nAgriculture 126 mathttfalm=mathitinterpolate(mathttpfr) page 581 see table mathttfalm\nAgriculture 127 mathttfr=fracmathttfpcmathttsfpc page 581 see value of mathttsfpc\nAgriculture 128 fracdmathttpfrdt=fracmathttfr-mathttpfrmathttfspd page 581-2 see initialisation of mathttpfr and value of mathttfspd\nNonrenewable 129 fracdmathttnrdt=mathtt-nrur page 582 see initialisation of mathttnr\nNonrenewable 130 mathttnrur=mathttpoptimesmathttpcrumtimesmathttnruf page 582 \nNonrenewable 131 mathttnruf=clip(mathttnruf2mathttnruf1tmathttpyear) page 582 see values of mathttnruf1, mathttnruf2, and mathttpyear\nNonrenewable 132 mathttpcrum=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 582 see table mathttpcrum\nNonrenewable 133 mathttnrfr=fracmathttnrmathttnritimesmathttnruf page 582 see initialisation of mathttnr\nNonrenewable 134 mathttfcaor=clip(mathttfcaor2mathttfcaor1tmathttpyear) page 582 see value of mathttpyear\nNonrenewable 135 mathttfcaor1=mathitinterpolate(mathttnrfr) page 582 see table mathttfcaor1\nNonrenewable 136 mathttfcaor2=mathitinterpolate(mathttnrfr) page 582-3 see table mathttfcaor2\nPollution 137 mathttppgr=(mathttppgio+mathttppgao)timesmathttppgf page 583 \nPollution 138 mathttppgf=clip(mathttppgf2mathttppgf1tmathttpyear) page 583 see values of mathttppgf2, mathttppgf1, and mathttpyear\nPollution 139 mathttppgio=mathttpcrumtimesmathttpoptimesmathttfrpmtimesmathttimeftimesmathttimti page 583 see values of mathttfrpm, mathttimef, and mathttimti\nPollution 140 mathttppgao=mathttaiphtimesmathttaltimesmathttfipmtimesmathttamti page 583 see values of mathttfipm and mathttamti\nPollution 141 fracdmathttppaprdt=3timesfracmathttppapr2-mathttppaprmathttpptd page 583 see value of mathttpptd\nPollution 141 fracdmathttppapr2dt=3timesfracmathttppapr1-mathttppapr2mathttpptd page 583 see value of mathttpptd\nPollution 141 fracdmathttppapr1dt=3timesfracmathttppgr-mathttppapr1mathttpptd page 583 see value of mathttpptd\nPollution 142 fracdmathttppoldt=mathttppapr-mathttppasr page 583 see initialisation of mathttppol\nPollution 143 mathttppolx=fracmathttppolmathttppol70 page 584 see value of mathttppol70\nPollution 144 mathttppasr=fracmathttppolmathttahltimes 14 page 584 \nPollution 145 mathttahlm=mathitinterpolate(mathttppolx) page 584 see table mathttahlm\nPollution 146 mathttahl=mathttahl70timesmathttahlm page 584 see value of mathttahl70\nSupplementary 147 mathttfoa=frac022timesmathttf022timesmathttf+mathttso+mathttio page 584 \nSupplementary 148 mathttfoi=fracmathttio022timesmathttf+mathttso+mathttio page 584 \nSupplementary 149 mathttfos=fracmathttso022timesmathttf+mathttso+mathttio page 584 ","category":"page"},{"location":"world3/#Variable-and-(ODE)-subsystem-correspondance","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Variable and (ODE) subsystem correspondance","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world3/","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Description Name Main subsystem Other subsystems\nPopulation pop population land_development, land_erosion_urban_industrial_use, industrial_subsector, service_subsector, non_renewable, persistent_pollution, birth_rate, death_rate\nPopulation, ages 0-14 p1 population \nPopulation, ages 15-44 p2 population job_subsector\nPopulation, ages 45-64 p3 population job_subsector\nPopulation, ages 65+ p4 population \nDeaths per year, ages 0-14 d1 population \nDeaths per year, ages 15-44 d2 population \nDeaths per year, ages 45-64 d3 population \nDeaths per year, ages 65+ d4 population \nMortality, ages 0-14 m1 population \nMortality, ages 15-44 m2 population \nMortality, ages 45-64 m3 population \nMortality, ages 65+ m4 population \nMaturation rate, age 14-15 mat1 population \nMaturation rate, age 44-45 mat2 population \nMaturation rate, age 64-65 mat3 population \nDeaths per year dr death_rate population\nCrude death rate cdr death_rate \nLife expectancy le death_rate birth_rate,population\nLifetime multiplier from food lmf death_rate \nHealth services allocations per capita hsapc death_rate \nEffective health services per capita ehspc death_rate \nLifetime multiplier from health services lmhs death_rate \nlmhs before time pyear lmhs1 death_rate \nlmhs after time pyear lmhs2 death_rate \nFraction of population urban fpu death_rate \nCrowding multiplier from industrialization cmi death_rate \nLifetime multiplier from crowding lmc death_rate \nLifetime multiplier from pollution lmp death_rate \nBirths per year br birth_rate population\nCrude birth rate cbr birth_rate \nTotal fertility tf birth_rate population\nMaximum total fertility mtf birth_rate \nFecundity multiplier fm birth_rate \nDesired total fertility dtf birth_rate \nCompensatory multiplier from perceived life expectancy cmple birth_rate \nPerceived life expectancy ple birth_rate \n ple1 birth_rate \n ple2 birth_rate \nDesired completed family size dcfs birth_rate \nSocial family size norm sfsn birth_rate \nDelayed industrial output per capita diopc birth_rate \n diopc1 birth_rate \n diopc2 birth_rate \nFamily response to social norm frsn birth_rate \nFamily income expectation fie birth_rate \nAverag industrial output per capita aiopc birth_rate \nNeed for fertility control nfc birth_rate \nFertility control effectiveness fce birth_rate \nFertility control facilities per capita fcfpc birth_rate \n fcfpc1 birth_rate \n fcfpc2 birth_rate \nFertility control allocations per capita fcapc birth_rate \nFraction of services allocated to fertility control fsafc birth_rate \nIndustrial output per capita iopc industrial_subsector land_development, land_erosion_urban_industrial_use, job_subsector, service_subsector, non_renewable, birth_rate, death_rate\nIndustrial output io industrial_subsector agricultural_inputs, land_development, service_subsector, supplementary_equations\nIndustrial capital-output ratio icor industrial_subsector \nIndustrial capital ic industrial_subsector job_subsector\nIndustrial capital depreciation rate icdr industrial_subsector \nAverage lifetime of industrial capital alic industrial_subsector \nIndustrial capital investment rate icir industrial_subsector \nFraction of industrial output allocated to industry fioai industrial_subsector \nFraction of industrial output allocated to consumption fioac industrial_subsector \nfioac constant fioacc industrial_subsector \nfioac variable fioacv industrial_subsector \nIndicated service output per capita isopc service_subsector \nisopc before pyear isopc1 service_subsector \nisopc after pyear isopc2 service_subsector \nFraction of industrial output allocated to services fioas service_subsector industrial_subsector\nfioas before pyear fioas1 service_subsector \nfioas after pyear fioas2 service_subsector \nService capital investment rate scir service_subsector \nService capital sc service_subsector job_subsector\nService capital depreciation rate scdr service_subsector \nAverage lifetime of service capital alsc service_subsector \nService output so service_subsector supplementary_equations\nService output per capita sopc service_subsector job_subsector, birth_rate, death_rate\nService capital-output ratio scor service_subsector \nJobs j job_subsector \nPotential jobs in industrial sector pjis job_subsector \nJobs per industrial capital unit jpicu job_subsector \nPotential jobs in service sector pjss job_subsector \nJobs per service capital unit jpscu job_subsector \nPotential jobs in agricultural sector pjas job_subsector \nJobs per hectare jph job_subsector \nLabor force lf job_subsector \nLabor utilization fraction luf job_subsector \nLabor utilization fraction delayed lufd job_subsector \nCapital utilization fraction cuf job_subsector industrial_subsector, service_subsector\nLand fraction cultivated lfc land_development \nArable land al land_development agricultural_inputs, land_erosion_urban_industrial_use, job_subsector, persistent_pollution\nPotentially arable land pal land_development \nFood f land_development supplementary_equations\nFood per capita fpc land_development discontinuing_land_maintenance, death_rate\nIndicated food per capita ifpc land_development \nifpc before pyear ifpc1 land_development \nifpc after pyear ifpc2 land_development \nTotal agricultural investment tai land_development agricultural_inputs\nFraction of industral ouput allocated to agriculture fioaa land_development industrial_subsector\nfioaa before pyear fioaa1 land_development \nfioaa after pyear fioaa2 land_development \nLand development rate ldr land_development \nDevelopment cost per hectare dcph land_development investment_allocation_decision\nCurrent agricultural inputs cai agricultural_inputs \nagricultural inputs ai agricultural_inputs \nAverage lifetime of agricultural inputs alai agricultural_inputs investment_allocation_decision\nAgricultural inputs per hectare aiph agricultural_inputs investment_allocation_decision, job_subsector, persistent_pollution\nLand yield multiplier from capital lymc agricultural_inputs investment_allocation_decision\nLand yield ly agricultural_inputs investment_allocation_decision, land_development, land_erosion_urban_industrial_use\nLand yield factor lyf agricultural_inputs \nLand yield multiplier from air pollution lymap agricultural_inputs \nlymap before pyear lymap1 agricultural_inputs \nlymap after pyear lymap2 agricultural_inputs \nFraction of inputs allocated to land development fiald agricultural_inputs investment_allocation_decision , land_development\nMarginal productivity of land development mpld investment_allocation_decision \nMarginal productivity of agricultural inputs mpai investment_allocation_decision \nMarginal land yield multiplier from capital mlymc investment_allocation_decision \nAverage life of land all land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nLand life multiplier from yeld llmy land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nllmy before pyear llmy1 land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nllmy after pyear llmy2 land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nLand erosion rate ler land_erosion_urban_industrial_use land_development\nUrban-industrial land per capita uilpc land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nUrban-industrial land required uilr land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nLand removal from urban-industrial use lrui land_erosion_urban_industrial_use land_development\nUrban-industrial land uil land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nLand fertility lfert land_fertility_degradation agricultural_inputs, land_fertility_regeneration\nLand fertility degradation rate lfdr land_fertility_degradation \nLand fertility degradation lfd land_fertility_degradation \nLand fertility regeneration lfr land_fertility_regeneration land_fertility_degradation\nLand fertility regeneration time lfrt land_fertility_regeneration \nFraction of inputs allocated to land maintenance falm discontinuing_land_maintenance agricultural_inputs, land_fertility_regeneration\nFood ratio fr discontinuing_land_maintenance \nPerceived food ratio pfr discontinuing_land_maintenance \nNonrenewable resources nr non_renewable \nNonrenewable resource usage rate nrur non_renewable \nNonrenewable resource usage factor nruf non_renewable \nPer capita resource usage multiplier pcrum non_renewable persistent_pollution\nNonrenewable resource fraction remaining nrfr non_renewable \nFraction of capital allocated to obtaining resources fcaor non_renewable industrial_subsector\nfcaor before pyear fcaor1 non_renewable \nfcaor after pyear fcaor2 non_renewable \nPersistent pollution generation rate ppgr persistent_pollution \nPersistent pollution generation factor ppgf persistent_pollution \nppgf before pyear ppgf1 persistent_pollution \nppgf after pyear ppgf2 persistent_pollution adaptive_technological_control_cards\nPersistent pollution generated by industrial output ppgio persistent_pollution \nPersistent pollution generated by agricultural output ppgao persistent_pollution \nPersistent pollution appearance rate ppapr persistent_pollution \n ppapr1 persistent_pollution \n ppapr2 persistent_pollution \n ppapr3 persistent_pollution \nPersistent pollution ppol persistent_pollution \nIndex of persistent pollution ppolx persistent_pollution land_fertility_degradation, pollution_damage, death_rate\nPersistent pollution assimilation rate ppasr persistent_pollution \nAssimilation half-life multiplier ahlm persistent_pollution \nAssimilation half-life ahl persistent_pollution \nLifetime multiplier from persistent pollution lmp pollution_damage adaptive_technological_control_cards\nLand fertility degradation rate lfdr pollution_damage \nFraction of output in agriculture foa supplementary_equations \nFraction of output in industry foi supplementary_equations \nFraction of output in services fos supplementary_equations ","category":"page"},{"location":"world3/#Variable-initializations","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Variable initializations","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world3/","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Description Initialization Reference\nAgricultural inputs mathttai(0) = 5e9 lines 99.1-2\nArable land mathttal(0) = 09e9 lines 85.1-2\nAverage industrial output per capita mathttaiopc(0) = mathttiopc(0) line 43\nCapital utilization fraction mathttcuf(0) = 1 line 83.1\nDelayed industrial output per capita mathttdiopc(0) = mathttiopc(0) line 40\n mathttdiopc1(0) = mathttiopc(0) \n mathttdiopc2(0) = mathttiopc(0) \nEffective health services per capita mathttehspc(0)=mathtthsapc(0) line 22\nFertility control facilities per capita mathttfcfpc(0) = mathttfcapc(0) line 46\n mathttfcfpc1(0) = mathttfcapc(0) \n mathttfcfpc2(0) = mathttfcapc(0) \nFamily response to social norm mathttfrsn(0)=082 line 41.2\nIndustrial capital mathttic(0)=21e11 lines 52.1-2\nLand fertility mathttlfert(0)=600 lines 121.1-2\nLabor utilization fraction delay mathttlufd(0)=mathttluf(0) line 82\nNonrenewable resources mathttnr(0)=1e12 lines 129.1-2\nPopulation, ages 0-14 mathttp1(0)=65e7 lines 2.1-2\nPopulation, ages 15-44 mathttp2(0)=70e7 lines 6.1-2\nPopulation, ages 45-64 mathttp3(0)=19e7 lines 10.1-2\nPopulation, ages 65+ mathttp4(0)=6e7 lines 14.1-2\nPotentially arable land mathttpal(0) = 23e9 lines 86.1-2\nPerceived food ratio mathttpfr(0)=1 line 128\nPerceived life expectancy mathttple(0) = mathttle(0) line 37\n mathttple1(0) = mathttle(0) \n mathttple2(0) = mathttle(0) \nPersistent pollution appearance rate mathttppapr(0) = mathttppgr(0) line 141\n mathttppapr1(0) = mathttppgr(0) \n mathttppapr2(0) = mathttppgr(0) \n mathttppapr3(0) = mathttppgr(0) \nPersistent pollution mathttppol(0) = 25e7 line 142.1\nService capital mathttsc(0) = 144e11 lines 67.1-2\nUrban-industrial land mathttuil(0) = 82e6 lines 120.1-2","category":"page"},{"location":"world3/#Parameters","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Parameters","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world3/","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Description Name Value System\nAssimilation half-life in 1970 mathttahl70 15 Pollution\nalai before pyear mathttalai1 2 Agriculture\nalai after pyear mathttalai2 2 Agriculture\nalic before pyear mathttalic1 14 Capital\nalic after pyear mathttalic2 14 Capital\nAverage life of land normal mathttalln 6000 Agriculture\nalsc before pyear mathttalsc1 20 Capital\nalsc after pyear mathttalsc2 20 Capital\nAgricultural materials toxicity index mathttamti 1 Pollution\nDesired completed family size normal mathttdcfsn 4 Population\nFertility control effectiveness set time mathttfcest 4000 Population\nfioac before pyear mathttfioac1 043 Capital\nfioac after pyear mathttfioac2 043 Capital\nFraction of inputs as persistent materials mathttfipm 0001 Pollution\nFraction of resources as persistent materials mathttfrpm 002 Pollution\nFood shortage perception delay mathttfspd 2 Agriculture\nHealth services impact delay mathtthsid 20 Population\nicor before pyear mathtticor1 3 Capital\nicor after pyear mathtticor2 3 Capital\nIncome expectation averaging time mathttieat 3 Population\nIndustrial equilibrium time mathttiet 4000 Capital\nInherent land fertility mathttilf 600 Agriculture\nIndustrial materials emission factor mathttimef 01 Pollution\nIndustrial materials toxicity index mathttimti 10 Pollution\nIndustrial output in 1970 mathttio70 79e11 Agriculture\nIndustrial output per capita desired mathttiopcd 400 Capital\nLife expectancy normal mathttlen 28 Population\nLand fraction harvested mathttlfh 07 Agriculture\nLabor force participation fraction mathttlfpf 075 Capital\nLifetime perception delay mathttlpd 20 Population\nLabor utilization fraction delay time mathttlufdt 2 Capital\nlyf before pyear mathttlyf1 1 Agriculture\nlyf after pyear mathttlyf2 1 Agriculture\nMaximum total fertility normal mathttmtfn 12 Population\nnruf before pyear mathttnruf1 1 NonRenewable\nnruf after pyear mathttnruf2 1 NonRenewable\nPotentially arable land total mathttpalt 32e9 Agriculture\nPopulation equilibrium time mathttpet 4000 Population\nProcessing loss mathttpl 01 Agriculture\nppgf before pyear mathttppgf1 1 Pollution\nppgf after pyear mathttppgf2 1 Pollution\nPersistent pollution in 1970 mathttppol70 136e8 Pollution\nYear new policy is implemented mathttpyear 1975 \nReproductive lifetime mathttrlt 30 Population\nSocial adjustment delay mathttsad 20 Population\nSocial discount mathttsd 007 Agriculture\nscor before pyear mathttscor1 1 Capital\nscor after pyear mathttscor2 1 Capital\nSubsistence food per capita mathttsfpc 230 Agriculture\nTechnological development and implementation delay mathtttdd 10 Pollution\nUrban-industrial land development time mathttuildt 10 Agriculture\nTime when desired family size equals 2 children mathttzpgt 4000 NonRenewable","category":"page"},{"location":"world3/#Tables-and-ranges","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Tables and ranges","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world3/","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Variable name Table Range System\nmathttifpc1 (2300 4800 6900 8500 9700 10700 11500 12100 12500) (0 1600) Agriculture\nmathttifpc2 (2300 4800 6900 8500 9700 10700 11500 12100 12500) (0 1600) Agriculture\nmathttfioaa1 (04 02 01 0025 00 00) (00 25) Agriculture\nmathttfioaa2 (04 02 01 0025 00 00) (00 25) Agriculture\nmathttdcph (1000000 74000 52000 35000 24000 15000 7500 3000 1500 750 500) (0 1) Agriculture\nmathttlymc (10 30 38 44 49 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100) (0 1000) Agriculture\nmathttlymap1 (10 10 07 04) (0 30) Agriculture\nmathttlymap2 (10 10 07 04) (0 30) Agriculture\nmathttfiald (00 005 015 03 05 07 085 095 10) (0 2) Agriculture\nmathttmlymc (0075 003 0015 0011 0009 0009 0007 0006 0005 0005 0005 0005 0005 0005 0005 0005) (0 600) Agriculture\nmathttllmy1 (12 10 063 036 016 0055 004 0025 0015 001) (0 9) Agriculture\nmathttllmy2 (12 10 063 036 016 0055 004 0025 0015 001) (0 9) Agriculture\nmathttuilpc (0005 0008 0015 0025 004 0055 007 008 009) (0 1600) Agriculture\nmathttlfdr (00 01 03 05) (0 30) Agriculture\nmathttlfrt (200 130 80 40 20 20) (0 01) Agriculture\nmathttfalm (00 004 007 009 01) (0 4) Agriculture\nmathttfioaa (01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01) (1900 2000) Capital\nmathttfioas2 (03 02 01 005 00) (0 2) Capital\nmathttfioas1 (03 02 01 005 00) (0 2) Capital\nmathttisopc1 (400 3000 6400 10000 12200 14500 16500 18000 20000) (0 1600) Capital\nmathttisopc2 (400 3000 6400 10000 12200 14500 16500 18000 20000) (0 1600) Capital\nmathttfioacv (03 032 034 036 038 043 073 077 081 082 083) (0 2) Capital\nmathttcuf (10 09 07 03 01 01) (1 11) Capital\nmathttjpicu (037 018 012 009 007 006) (50 800) Capital\nmathttjph (20 05 04 03 027 024 02 02) (2 30) Capital\nmathttaiph (50 110 210 340 580 860 1230 610 230 80 30) (1900 2100) Capital\nmathttal (90 100 110 130 160 200 230 240 240 240 240) (1900 2100) Capital\nmathttjpscu (11 06 035 02 015 015) (50 800) Capital\nmathttpop (165 173 18 21 23 255 30 365 40 46 515) (1900 2000) Capital\nmathttfcaor (005 005 005 005 005 005 005 005 005 005 005) (1900 2000) Capital\nmathttpcrum (00 085 26 44 54 62 68 70 70) (0 1600) NonRenewable\nmathttfcaor1 (10 09 07 05 02 01 005 005 005 005 005) (0 1) NonRenewable\nmathttfcaor2 (10 09 07 05 02 01 005 005 005 005 005) (0 1) NonRenewable\nmathttahlm (10 110 210 310 410) (1 1001) Pollution\nmathttpcrum (170 300 520 780 1380 2800 4800 6600 7000 7000 7000) (1900 2100) Pollution\nmathttpop (160 190 220 310 420 530 670 860 1090 1390 1760) (1900 2100) Pollution\nmathttaiph (66 110 200 340 570 970 1680 2900 4950 8450 14650) (1900 2100) Pollution\nmathttal (90 100 110 130 160 200 240 260 270 270 270) (1900 2100) Pollution\nmathttpctcm (00 -005) (0 01) Pollution\nmathttlmp1 (10 099 097 095 090 085 075 065 055 040 020) (0 100) Pollution\nmathttlmp2 (10 099 097 095 090 085 075 065 055 040 020) (0 100) Pollution\nmathttlfdr1 (00 01 03 05) (0 30) Pollution\nmathttlfdr2 (00 01 03 05) (0 30) Pollution\nmathttcmi (05 005 -01 -008 -002 005 01 015 02) (0 1600) Population\nmathttfpu (00 02 04 05 058 065 072 078 08) (0 16e9) Population\nmathtthsapc (00 200 500 950 1400 1750 2000 2200 2300) (00 20000) Population\nmathttlmf (00 10 12 13 135 14) (00 50) Population\nmathttlmhs1 (10 11 14 16 17 18) (00 1000) Population\nmathttlmhs2 (10 14 16 18 195 20) (00 1000) Population\nmathttlmp (10 099 097 095 09 085 075 065 055 04 02) (00 1000) Population\nmathttfm (00 02 04 06 08 09 10 105 11) (00 800) Population\nmathttcmple (30 21 16 14 13 12 11 105 10) (00 800) Population\nmathttsfsn (125 10 09 08 075) (00 8000) Population\nmathttfrsn (05 06 07 085 10) (-02 02) Population\nmathttfce (075 085 09 095 098 099 10) (00 30) Population\nmathttfsafc (00 0005 0015 0025 003 0035) (00 100) Population\nmathttm1 (00567 00366 00243 00155 00082 00023 0001) (20 80) Population\nmathttm2 (00266 00171 00110 00065 00040 00016 00008) (20 80) Population\nmathttm3 (00562 00373 00252 00171 00118 00083 0006) (20 80) Population\nmathttm4 (013 011 009 007 006 005 004) (20 80) Population","category":"page"},{"location":"#Table-of-contents","page":"Home","title":"Table of contents","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"","page":"Home","title":"Home","text":"Pages = [\"tutorial.md\", \"world2.md\", \"world3.md\", \"source.md\"]\nDepth = 6","category":"page"},{"location":"#WorldDynamics.jl","page":"Home","title":"WorldDynamics.jl","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"","page":"Home","title":"Home","text":"An open-source framework written in Julia for world dynamics modeling and simulation.","category":"page"},{"location":"#The-World-Dynamics-Project","page":"Home","title":"The World Dynamics Project","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"","page":"Home","title":"Home","text":"The World Dynamics project aims to provide a modern framework to investigate models of global dynamics focused on sustainable development based on current software engineering and scientific machine learning techniques. Our group is developing a Julia library to allow scientists to easily use and adapt different world models, from Forrester's World2 to Meadows et al.'s World3 to recent proposals. By enabling an open, interdisciplinary, and consistent comparative approach to scientific model development, our goal is to supply high-quality information to global policy making on environmental and economic issues.","category":"page"},{"location":"#Index-of-functions","page":"Home","title":"Index of functions","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"","page":"Home","title":"Home","text":"Pages = [\"source.md\"]\nModules = [WorldDynamics]\nOrder = [:function]","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#A-WorldDynamics-tutorial","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"A WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"WorldDynamics allows the user to play with the World3 model introduced in the book Dynamics of Growth in a Finite World (1974). Informally speaking, this model is formed by five systems, each containing one or more subsystems. The following picture shows the structure of the model and the connections between the subsystems which share a common variable.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"(Image: The World3 model)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"As it can be seen, the five systems are Pop4 (which is the population system with four age levels), Agriculture, Capital, Non-renewable (resources), and Pollution. The Pop4 system is formed by the three subsystems pop (population), br (birth rate), and dr (death rate). For instance, the subsystem br uses the variable pop which originates from the subsystem pop, while the subsystem pop uses the variable le which originates from the subsystem dr. Of course, there are variables which connect subsystem of different systems. For example, the subsystem pp of the system Pollution uses the variable aiph which originates from the subsystem ai of the system Agriculture (for an entire list of variables and of subsystems using them see the World 3 equations, variables, and parameters page).","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"In WorldDynamics each system is a Julia module and each subsystem corresponds to a Julia function of this module (or of a module which is included in this module), which defines the ODE system corresponding to the subsystem itself. All the ODE systems corresponding to the subsystems of the World3 model have to be composed (see the function compose in the solvesystems.jl code file). This will produce the entire ODE system of the World3 model, which can then be solved by using the function solve in the solvesystems.jl code file.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Let us now see how we can replicate the runs described in the chapters of the above mentioned book.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Replicating-book-runs","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Replicating book runs","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"For each run described in the seventh chapter of the book, WorldDynamics defines a function which allows the user to reproduce the corresponding figure. For example, in order to replicate Run 7-1, which shows the behavior of important variables in the population system when the world model is run from 1900 to 1970, and which is described in Section 7.2 of the book and depicted in Figure 7-2, we can simply execute the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\nWorld3.fig_2()","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Instead, in order to replicate Run 7-28, which reaches equilibrium through discrete policy changes, and which is described in Section 7.7 of the book depicted in Figure 7-38, we can execute the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\nWorld3.fig_38()","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"We can also replicate the runs of the other chapters of the book (each one devoted to one system of the model). For example, in order to replicate the standard run of the capital system, which is described in Section 3.7 of the book and depicted in Figure 3-36, we can execute the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\nWorld3.Capital.fig_36()","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Performing-sensitivity-tests","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Performing sensitivity tests","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"In order to perform sensitivity tests, we have first to modify the parameter or the interpolation table of the variable with respect to which we want to perform the sensitivity test, then to create the ODE system corresponding to the historical run with the modification integrated in the system, and finally to solve the ODE system. We can then plot the resulting evolution of the model.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Modifying-a-parameter-of-the-variable","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Modifying a parameter of the variable","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"In order to reproduce Figure 7-10, for example, in which the nonrenewable resources initial value (that is, the value of the NRI parameter) is doubled, we can modify the value of this parameter by getting the parameter set of the nonrenewable resources sector, and by changing the value of NRI, as shown in the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\n\nnonrenewable_parameters_7_10 = World3.NonRenewable.getparameters();\nnonrenewable_parameters_7_10[:nri] = 2.0 * nonrenewable_parameters_7_10[:nri];","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Creating-the-ODE-system","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Creating the ODE system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The ODE system is then created by executing the following code, in which we specify which set of parameter values has to be used for the nonrenewable resources sector.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"system = World3.historicalrun(nonrenewable_params=nonrenewable_parameters_7_10);","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Solving-the-ODE-system","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Solving the ODE system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"We then have to solve the ODE system, by executing the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"sol = WorldDynamics.solve(system, (1900, 2100));","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Plotting-the-evolution-of-the-model","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Plotting the evolution of the model","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"We first have to define the variables that we want to plot. For example, Figure 7-10 of the book shows the plot of seven variables of seven different subsystems of the model. In order to easily access to these variables, we first create shortcuts to the subsystems in which they are introduced.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using ModelingToolkit\n\n@named pop = World3.Pop4.population();\n@named br = World3.Pop4.birth_rate();\n@named dr = World3.Pop4.death_rate();\n@named is = World3.Capital.industrial_subsector();\n@named ld = World3.Agriculture.land_development();\n@named nr = World3.NonRenewable.non_renewable();\n@named pp = World3.Pollution.persistent_pollution();","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The seven variables are then defined as follows.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"reference_variables = [\n (nr.nrfr, 0, 1, \"nrfr\"),\n (is.iopc, 0, 1000, \"iopc\"),\n (ld.fpc, 0, 1000, \"fpc\"),\n (pop.pop, 0, 16e9, \"pop\"),\n (pp.ppolx, 0, 32, \"ppolx\"),\n (br.cbr, 0, 50, \"cbr\"),\n (dr.cdr, 0, 50, \"cdr\"),\n];\n@variables t;","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"For each variable that we want to plot, the above vector includes a quadruple, containing the Julia variable, its range, and its symbolic name to be shown in the plot (the range and the symbolic name are optional). The time variable t has also to be declared.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Finally, we can plot the evolution of the variables according to the previously computed solution.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"plotvariables(sol, (t, 1900, 2100), reference_variables, title=\"Fig. 7-10\", showlegend=true, colored=true)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Modifying-an-interpolation-table","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Modifying an interpolation table","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"In order to reproduce Figure 7-13, in which the slope of the fraction of industrial output allocated to agriculture is increased, we can modify the two tables FIOAA1 and FIOAA2 by getting the table set of the agriculture sector, and by changing the value of these two tables. We then have to solve the ODE system again, by specifying which set of tables has to be used for the agriculture sector. Finally, we can plot the same seven variables of Figure 7-10. This is exactly what we do in the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\n\nagriculture_tables_7_13 = World3.Agriculture.gettables();\nagriculture_tables_7_13[:fioaa1] = (0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);\nagriculture_tables_7_13[:fioaa2] = (0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);\nsystem = World3.historicalrun(agriculture_tables=agriculture_tables_7_13);\nsol = WorldDynamics.solve(system, (1900, 2100));\nplotvariables(sol, (t, 1900, 2100), reference_variables, title=\"Fig. 7-13\", showlegend=true, colored=true)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Updating-the-model-with-modern-data","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Updating the model with modern data","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The flexible structure of WorldDynamics allows the user to feed the model with modern data. For example, in the book, the variable POP of the pollution system is assigned the following interpolation table which corresponds to the population number (expressed in 10^8) for a set of years between 1900 and 2100.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"tables[:pop] = (16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 31.0, 42.0, 53.0, 67.0, 86.0, 109.0, 139.0, 176.0);\nranges[:pop] = (1900, 2100)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Instead, we can extend the above set of years to a much larger one as well as replace any outdated estimations with more recent data available at open-source data catalogs. In the following, we consider past and future projections of the world population, taken from the recognized public database Our World In Data. We first have to modify the table POP by getting the table set of the pollution sector, and by changing its value. We then have to solve the ODE system again, by specifying which set of tables has to be used for the pollution sector. This is exactly what we do in the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\n\ntables = Pollution.gettables();\ntables[:pop] = (16.47,16.59,16.73,16.87,17.02,17.16,17.31,17.47,17.62,17.77,17.93,18.05,18.18,18.30,18.43,18.56,18.69,18.82,18.95,19.09,19.26,19.40,19.56,19.73,19.90,20.08,20.26,20.44,20.63,20.82,21.04,21.22,21.44,21.66,21.88,22.10,22.33,22.57,22.80,23.03,23.27,23.45,23.64,23.82,24.00,24.17,24.35,24.54,24.75,25.01,24.99,25.43,25.90,26.40,26.92,27.46,28.01,28.58,29.16,29.70,30.19,30.68,31.27,31.96,32.67,33.37,34.06,34.75,35.47,36.21,36.95,37.70,38.45,39.20,39.96,40.69,41.43,42.16,42.90,43.66,44.44,45.25,46.08,46.92,47.76,48.62,49.50,50.41,51.32,52.24,53.16,54.06,54.93,55.77,56.61,57.43,58.25,59.06,59.87,60.68,61.49,62.31,63.12,63.94,64.76,65.58,66.41,67.26,68.12,68.98,69.86,70.73,71.62,72.51,73.39,74.27,75.13,76.00,76.84,77.65,78.41,79.09,79.75,80.45,81.19,81.92,82.64,83.36,84.07,84.77,85.46,86.15,86.82,87.49,88.15,88.79,89.43,90.06,90.68,91.29,91.88,92.47,93.04,93.60,94.14,94.68,95.19,95.69,96.18,96.65,97.09,97.53,97.94,98.34,98.72,99.08,99.43,99.76,100.08,100.39,100.68,100.96,101.22,101.48,101.73,101.96,102.18,102.40,102.60,102.79,102.97,103.14,103.30,103.45,103.59,103.71,103.82,103.92,104.01,104.08,104.15,104.20,104.24,104.27,104.29,104.31,104.31,104.30,104.29,104.27,104.24,104.20,104.15,104.09,104.03,103.96,103.89,103.80,103.70,103.60,103.49);\n\nsystem = World3.Pollution.historicalrun(tables=tables);\nsol = WorldDynamics.solve(system, (1900, 2100))","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Finally, we can compare the model updated with new data against the one with outdated data by reproducing the figures from the book (as described within the Replicating book runs section).","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Implementing-a-new-model","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Implementing a new model","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"In this final section of the tutorial, we show how we can implement a new model using the WorldDynamics framework. To this aim we refer to the third chapter of the book System Dynamics Modeling with R (2016), by Jim Duggan. In this chapter, whose title is Modeling Limits to Growth, the author introduces the reader to system dynamics models of limits to growth through three models of increasing complexity. Here, we will implement the third model, in which a growing stock consumes its carrying capacity (this dynamic leads to growth followed by rapid decline). In this case we have only one system, called NonRenewableStock, which contains only one subsystem (that is, one ODE system). The coding of this system consists of four Julia source files, that is, subsystems.jl, initialisations.jl, parameters.jl, and tables.jl (we assume that these files will be included in the directory nonrenewablestock contained in the directory Duggan). The first source file will contain the variable and parameter declarations, and the function specifying the ODE system corresponding to the subsystem. The second and third source files will contain the initial values of the variables and the values of the parameters, respectively. Finally, the fourth source file will contain the tables and the ranges used to interpolate a non-linear function through a collection of linear segments.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Coding-the-parameters","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Coding the parameters","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The model uses five parameters whose values are specified in a dictionary declared in the file parameters.jl as follows.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"_params = Dict{Symbol,Float64}(\n :cost_per_investment => 2,\n :depreciation_rate => 0.05,\n :fraction_profits_reinvested => 0.12,\n :revenue_per_unit_extracted => 3,\n :desired_growth_fraction => 0.07,\n)\ngetparameters() = copy(_params)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Note that the function getparameters is exactly the one that has been used above while modifying a parameter.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Coding-the-initial-values-of-the-variables","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Coding the initial values of the variables","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The model uses 12 variables: two of them requires to specify their initial values. This is done in a dictionary declared in the file initialisations.jl as follows.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"_inits = Dict{Symbol,Float64}(\n :capital => 5,\n :resource => 1000,\n)\ngetinitialisations() = copy(_inits)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Note that the function getinitialisations can be used to get a copy of the dictionary in order to change some initial values.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Coding-the-subsystem","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Coding the subsystem","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The file subsystems.jl starst with the decalaration of the variable t with respect to which the derivatives have to be computed.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"@variables t\nD = Differential(t)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The file subsystems.jl continues by declaring one function (corresponding to one subsystem, that is, one ODE system) in which all variables and parameters of the subsystem are declared and the ODE system is defined.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"function non_renewable_stock(; name, params=_params, inits=_inits, tables=_tables, ranges=_ranges)\n @parameters cost_per_investment = params[:cost_per_investment]\n @parameters depreciation_rate = params[:depreciation_rate]\n @parameters fraction_profits_reinvested = params[:fraction_profits_reinvested]\n @parameters revenue_per_unit_extracted = params[:revenue_per_unit_extracted]\n @parameters desired_growth_fraction = params[:desired_growth_fraction]\n @variables capital(t) = inits[:capital]\n @variables depreciation(t)\n @variables desired_investment(t)\n @variables resource(t) = inits[:resource]\n @variables extraction(t)\n @variables extraction_efficiency_per_unit_capital(t)\n @variables total_revenue(t)\n @variables capital_costs(t)\n @variables profit(t)\n @variables capital_funds(t)\n @variables maximum_investment(t)\n @variables investment(t)\n eqs = [\n D(capital) ~ investment - depreciation\n depreciation ~ capital * depreciation_rate\n desired_investment ~ desired_growth_fraction * capital\n D(resource) ~ -extraction\n extraction ~ capital * extraction_efficiency_per_unit_capital\n extraction_efficiency_per_unit_capital ~ interpolate(resource, tables[:eepuc], ranges[:eepuc])\n total_revenue ~ revenue_per_unit_extracted * extraction\n capital_costs ~ capital * 0.10\n profit ~ total_revenue - capital_costs\n capital_funds ~ profit * fraction_profits_reinvested\n maximum_investment ~ capital_funds / cost_per_investment\n investment ~ min(desired_investment, maximum_investment)\n ]\n ODESystem(eqs; name)\nend","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The arguments of the function are the dictionaries corresponding to the variable initial values and to the parameter values, and the dictionaries corresponding to the tables and the ranges used for the linear of non-linear functions. The first two dictionaries are used to assign a value to all the parameters and an initial value to two variables. The ODE system is a vector of differential and algebraic equations (as specified in the chapter of the above mentioned book). Note that the two differential equations correspond to the two variables whose initial value has been specified. The variable extraction_efficiency_per_unit_capital is defined as a linear interpolation of the variable resource, by using the table tables[:eepuc] together with the range ranges[:eepuc]. The table and the corresponding range are defined in the file tables.jl, which define two dictionaries as follows.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"_tables = Dict{Symbol,Tuple{Vararg{Float64}}}(\n :eepuc => (0.0, 0.25, 0.45, 0.63, 0.75, 0.85, 0.92, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 1.0),\n)\n_ranges = Dict{Symbol,Tuple{Float64,Float64}}(\n :eepuc => (0.0, 1000.0),\n)\ngettables() = copy(_tables)\ngetranges() = copy(_ranges)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Note that the function gettables is exactly the one that has been used above while updating a model with modern data.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"We can now define a scenario by simply invoking the function non_renewable_stock and by returning the ODE system returned by this function. This is done in the file scenarios.jl (we assume that also this file is contained in the directory nonrenewablestock) which contains the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"function nrs_run(; kwargs...)\n @named nrs = non_renewable_stock(; kwargs...)\n return nrs\nend","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Observe that if the model contains multiple systems and/or multiple subsystems, then the ODE systems returned by all the subsystems have to be composed by using the function compose (which also asks for the connections between the variables declared and used in different subsystems). An example of a scenario using multiple systems and subsystems is defined in the file scenarios.jl included in the directory world2 within the World model directory.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Finally, the model can be solved and simulated by using the solve and the plotvariables functions that we already used above. In particular, the file plots.jl (we assume that also this file is contained in the directory nonrenewablestock) does it in order to reproduce Figure 3.9 of the chapter of the above mentioned book.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using ModelingToolkit\nusing DifferentialEquations\n\nfunction nrs_run_solution()\n isdefined(@__MODULE__, :_solution_nrs_run) && return _solution_nrs_run\n global _solution_nrs_run = WorldDynamics.solve(nrs_run(), (0, 200), solver=Tsit5(), dt=0.015625, dtmax=0.015625)\n return _solution_nrs_run\nend\nfunction _variables_nrs()\n @named nrs = non_renewable_stock()\n variables = [\n (nrs.capital, 0, 30, \"Capital\"),\n (nrs.extraction, 0, 15, \"Extraction\"),\n (nrs.investment, 0, 2, \"Investment\"),\n (nrs.depreciation, 0, 2, \"Investment\"),\n (nrs.resource, 0, 1000, \"Resource\"),\n ]\n return variables\nend\n\nfig_3_9(; kwargs...) = plotvariables(nrs_run_solution(), (t, 0, 200), _variables_nrs(); title=\"Simulation output showing stocks and flows\", showaxis=false, showlegend=true, kwargs...)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Note that, for performance reasons, the definition of the function nrs_run_solution starts by checking whether the solution of the model is already available: in this case, nothing is done.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Creating-the-new-model-module","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Creating the new model module","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"We can now define a Julia module Duggan.jl as follows (we assume that this source file is contained in the directory Duggan).","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"module Duggan\nusing ModelingToolkit\nusing WorldDynamics\ninclude(\"NonRenewableStock.jl\")\nend","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The file NonRenewableStock.jl (we assume that also this file is contained in the directory Duggan) simply includes all the Julia source files we have written above.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"module NonRenewableStock\nusing WorldDynamics\nusing ModelingToolkit\ninclude(\"nonrenewablestock/tables.jl\")\ninclude(\"nonrenewablestock/parameters.jl\")\ninclude(\"nonrenewablestock/initialisations.jl\")\ninclude(\"nonrenewablestock/subsystems.jl\")\ninclude(\"nonrenewablestock/scenarios.jl\")\ninclude(\"nonrenewablestock/plots.jl\")\nend","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Solving-the-model-and-producing-the-figure","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Solving the model and producing the figure","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"We assume that we execute the Julia REPL from the directory containing the folder Duggan. We can solve the model and produce the desired figure by simply executing the following two instructions.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\nDuggan.NonRenewableStock.fig_3_9()","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"If everything worked well, the following picture should be shown.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"(Image: The Figure 3.9 of the chapter on the limits to growth)","category":"page"}]
+[{"location":"source/#Source-code-documentation","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#Contents","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Contents","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Pages = [\"source.md\"]\nDepth = 3","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics-constants","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics constants","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics]\nOrder = [:constant]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics-functions","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics functions","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#Functions-in-functions.jl","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Functions in functions.jl","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"This functions correspond to DYNAMO functions used in the World3 model.","category":"page"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics]\nOrder = [:function]\nPages = [\"functions.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.clip-NTuple{4, Any}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.clip","text":"clip(returnifgte, returniflt, inputvalue, threshold)\n\nReturns returnifgte if the value inputvalue is greater than the threshold threshold, returniflt otherwise. This function corresponds to the CLIP (also called FIFGE) function in the DYNAMO language.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.interpolate-Tuple{Any, Tuple{Vararg{Float64, N} where N}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.interpolate","text":"interpolate(x, yvalues, xrange)\n\nReturns the value of a function with input x, by linearly interpolating the function itself through the table yvalues and the range xrange. If x is out of the range, the value at the corresponding extremity is returned. This function corresponds to the TABHL function in the DYNAMO language. This latter function receives a table (that is, yvalues), a value (that is, x), a left and a right extreme of an interval (that is, xrange), and an increment value.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.step-Tuple{Any, Any, Any}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.step","text":"step(inputvalue, returnifgte, threshold)\n\nReturns 0 if the value inputvalue is smaller than the threshold threshold, returnifgte otherwise. This function corresponds to the STEP function in the DYNAMO language.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.switch-Tuple{Any, Any, Any}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.switch","text":"switch(returnifzero, returnifnotzero, inputvalue)\n\nReturns returnifzero if the value inputvalue is approximately 0 with tolerance 1e-16, returnifnotzero otherwise. This function corresponds to the SWITCH (also called FIFZE) function in the DYNAMO language.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Functions-in-plotvariables.jl","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Functions in plotvariables.jl","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics]\nOrder = [:function]\nPages = [\"plotvariables.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.plotvariables-Tuple{Any, Any, Vector{var\"#s9\"} where var\"#s9\"<:NTuple{4, Any}}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.plotvariables","text":"plotvariables(solution, xrange, variables::Vector{<:NTuple{4, Any}}; title=\"\", showaxis=true, showlegend=true, linetype=\"lines\", colored=true)\n\nPlot the values of the variables in the vector variables obtained by the ODE system solution (normally, obtained by using the solve function in solvesystems.jl) in the specified xrange interval. For each variable, the vector variables includes a quadruple, containing the Julia variable, its range, and its symbolic name to be shown in the plot.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Functions-in-solvesystems.jl","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Functions in solvesystems.jl","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics]\nOrder = [:function]\nPages = [\"solvesystems.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.compose-Tuple{Vector{ModelingToolkit.ODESystem}, Vector{Symbolics.Equation}}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.compose","text":"compose(systems::Vector{ODESystem}, connection_eqs::Vector{Equation})\n\nReturn the ODE system obtained by composing the ODE systems in the vector systems and by making use of the variable equalities in connection_eqs. Normally, each ODE systems in systems corresponds to a subsystem of a system in the World3 model, and the variable equalities specify which variables are shared between the subsystems.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.solve-Tuple{ModelingToolkit.ODESystem, Any}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.solve","text":"solve(system::ODESystem, timespan; solver=AutoVern9(Rodas5())\n\nReturn the solution of the system ODE system in the timespan interval (for the available different ODE system solvers, see the documentation of DifferentialEquations.jl).\n\nWe use the AutoVern9(Rodas5()) solver since it is among the suggested ones in the documentation of DifferentialEquations.jl, and among those we tested, it is the one that works best.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Reproducing-World1-figures","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Reproducing World1 figures","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#World1-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"World1 system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World1]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_1-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_1","text":"fig_1(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-1. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_10-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_10","text":"fig_10(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-10. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_11-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_11","text":"fig_11(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-11. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_12-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_12","text":"fig_12(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-12. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_2-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_2","text":"fig_2(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-2. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_3-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_3","text":"fig_3(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-3. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_4-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_4","text":"fig_4(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-4. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_5-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_5","text":"fig_5(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-5. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of [World1](https://dome.mit.edu/handle/1721.3/189645).\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_6-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_6","text":"fig_6(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-6. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_7-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_7","text":"fig_7(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-7. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_8-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_8","text":"fig_8(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-8. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_9-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_9","text":"fig_9(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. W1-7/5-9. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World1.fig_std-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World1.fig_std","text":"fig_std(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. WORLD1-STD. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of World1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Reproducing-World2-figures","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Reproducing World2 figures","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#World2-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"World2 system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World2]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_1-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_1","text":"fig_4_1(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-1. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Basic behavior of the world model, showing the mode in which industrialization and population are suppressed by falling natural resources.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_10-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_10","text":"fig_4_10(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-10. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: System ratios when growth is suppressed by crowding.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_11-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_11","text":"fig_4_11(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-11. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Food shortage as the only remaining pressure to stop population growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_12-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_12","text":"fig_4_12(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-12. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: System ratios during the food-shortage mode.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_2-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_2","text":"fig_4_2(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-2. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Original model as in Fig. 4-1. Material standard of living reaches a maximum and then declines as natural resources are depleted.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_3-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_3","text":"fig_4_3(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Original model as in Fig 4-1. Natural-resource-usage rate reaches a peak about year 2010 and declines as natural resources, population, and capital investment decline.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_4-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_4","text":"fig_4_4(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-4. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption:Original model as in Fig. 4-1. The rate of capital-investment generation declines after 2010 but does not fall below the rate of capital-investment discard until 2040, at which time the level of capital investment begins to decline.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_5-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_5","text":"fig_4_5(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-5. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Reduced usage rate of natural resources leads to a pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_6-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_6","text":"fig_4_6(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-6. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: System ratios during the pollution mode of growth suppression.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_7-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_7","text":"fig_4_7(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-7. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Dynamics of the pollution sector. A positive-feedback growth in pollution occurs when the pollution-absorption time increases faster than the pollution.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_8-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_8","text":"fig_4_8(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-8. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Population sector during the pollution mode.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_9-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_4_9","text":"fig_4_9(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 4-9. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.\n\nCaption: Growth suppressed by crowding when natural resources and pollution are inactive.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_1-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_1","text":"fig_5_1(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-1. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Higher capital-investment generation triggers the pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_10-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_10","text":"fig_5_10(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-10. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for the conditions of Fig. 5-9. Higher food productivity causes capital reallocation away from agriculture.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_11-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_11","text":"fig_5_11(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-11. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Increased food production causes greater population and earlier pollution crisis compared with Fig. 5-8.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_12-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_12","text":"fig_5_12(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-12. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Compared with Fig. 5-11, increased capital generation causes an earlier pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_13-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_13","text":"fig_5_13(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-13. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Compared with Fig. 5-12, less pollution generation increases peak population and delays the pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_14-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_14","text":"fig_5_14(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-14. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Compared with Fig. 5-12, reduced birth rate lowers the peak population but does not ellminate or delay the pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_2-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_2","text":"fig_5_2(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-2. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Lower birth rate does not affect suppression of growth by falling natural resources.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_3-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_3","text":"fig_5_3(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for the same condition of lower birth rate as in Fig. 5-2.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_4-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_4","text":"fig_5_4(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-4. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Reduced birth rate still leads to the pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_5-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_5","text":"fig_5_5(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-5. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: With resource depletion and pollution suppressed, population still climbs even with a 30% reduction in \"normal\" birth rate.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_6-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_6","text":"fig_5_6(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-6. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: A 50% reduction in \"normal\" birth rate causes growth of population to pause for 20 years, then resume.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_7-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_7","text":"fig_5_7(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-7. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for conditions of Fig. 5-6.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_8-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_8","text":"fig_5_8(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-8. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Reduction of pollution generation allows population and capital investment to increase further before the pollution crisis.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_9-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_5_9","text":"fig_5_9(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 5-9. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of WD.\n\nCaption: Increased food production causes increased population.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_1-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_1","text":"fig_6_1(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-1. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Natural-resource-usage rate and pollution generation are reduced in 1970.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_2-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_2","text":"fig_6_2(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-2. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for conditions of Fig. 6-1.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_3-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_3","text":"fig_6_3(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Capital generation is reduced 40% in 1970 in addition to changes in Fig. 6-1. Population stabilizes at a lower level; quality of life is increased.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_4-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_4","text":"fig_6_4(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-4. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for conditions of Fig. 6-3.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_5-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_5","text":"fig_6_5(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-5. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Food productivity is reduced 20% in 1970 along with changes in Fig. 6-3. Population is lower, quality of life higher.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_6-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_6","text":"fig_6_6(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-6. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for conditions of Fig. 6-5.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_7-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_7","text":"fig_6_7(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-7. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Normal birth rate reduced 30% in 1970 along with changes in Fig. 6-5. Population is lower, quality of life higher again.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_8-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World2.fig_6_8","text":"fig_6_8(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig. 6-8. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.\n\nCaption: Ratios for conditions of Fig. 6-7.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Reproducing-World3-figures","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Reproducing World3 figures","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#Agriculture-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Agriculture system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69a","text":"fig_69a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.69a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-1: historical run. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69b","text":"fig_69b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.69b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-1: historical run. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69c","text":"fig_69c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.69c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-1: historical run. The allocation mechanism.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69d-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_69d","text":"fig_69d(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.69d. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-1: historical run. The behavior of land fertility.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70a","text":"fig_70a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.70a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-2: standard run. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70b","text":"fig_70b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.70b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-2: standard run. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70c","text":"fig_70c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.70c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-2: standard run. The allocation mechanism.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70d-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_70d","text":"fig_70d(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.70d. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-2: standard run. The behavior of land fertility.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_72a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_72a","text":"fig_72a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.72a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-3: sensitivity test of the land yield multiplier from capital table, using the optimistic LYMCT. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_72b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_72b","text":"fig_72b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.72b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-3: sensitivity test of the land yield multiplier from capital table, using the optimistic LYMCT. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_73a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_73a","text":"fig_73a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.73a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-4: sensitivity test of the land yield multiplier from capital table, using the pessimistic LYMCT. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_73b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_73b","text":"fig_73b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.73b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-4: sensitivity test of the land yield multiplier from capital table, using the pessimistic LYMCT. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_74a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_74a","text":"fig_74a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.74a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-5: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_74b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_74b","text":"fig_74b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.74b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-5: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_75a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_75a","text":"fig_75a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.75a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-6: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_75b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_75b","text":"fig_75b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.75b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-6: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_76a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_76a","text":"fig_76a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.76a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-7: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and development costs adjusted to maintain historical behavior. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_76b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_76b","text":"fig_76b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.76b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-7: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and development costs adjusted to maintain historical behavior. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_77a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_77a","text":"fig_77a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.77a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-8: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 50 percent increase in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_77b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_77b","text":"fig_77b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.77b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-8: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 50 percent increase in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_78a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_78a","text":"fig_78a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.78a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-9: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 25 percent decrease in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_78b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_78b","text":"fig_78b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.78b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-9: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 25 percent decrease in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_82a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_82a","text":"fig_82a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.82a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-10: sensitivity test with optimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_82b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_82b","text":"fig_82b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.82b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-10: sensitivity test with optimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_83a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_83a","text":"fig_83a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.83a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-11: sensitivity test with pessimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_83b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_83b","text":"fig_83b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.83b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-11: sensitivity test with pessimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_84a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_84a","text":"fig_84a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.84a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-12: policy run in which the impairment of land fertility from persistent pollutants is completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_84b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_84b","text":"fig_84b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.84b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-12: policy run in which the impairment of land fertility from persistent pollutants is completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_85a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_85a","text":"fig_85a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.85a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-13: policy run in which the adverse effects of air pollution on land yield and the impairment of land fertility by persistent pollutants are completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_85b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_85b","text":"fig_85b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.85b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-13: policy run in which the adverse effects of air pollution on land yield and the impairment of land fertility by persistent pollutants are completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_86a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_86a","text":"fig_86a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.86a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-14: policy run in which efforts to combat land erosion are initiated in 1975, in addition to the previous policies that eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_86b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_86b","text":"fig_86b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.86b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-14: policy run in which efforts to combat land erosion are initiated in 1975, in addition to the previous policies that eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_87a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_87a","text":"fig_87a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.87a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-15: policy run in which the land required for urban and industrial use is reduced to 25 percent of expected requirements, in addition to the previous policies that combat land erosion and eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_87b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_87b","text":"fig_87b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.87b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-15: policy run in which the land required for urban and industrial use is reduced to 25 percent of expected requirements, in addition to the previous policies that combat land erosion and eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_88a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_88a","text":"fig_88a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.88a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-16: equilibrium run in which the exogenous inputs level off in the year 2050. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_88b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_88b","text":"fig_88b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.88b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-16: equilibrium run in which the exogenous inputs level off in the year 2050. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_89a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_89a","text":"fig_89a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.89a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-17: equilibrium run in which the exogenous inputs level off in the year 2025. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_89b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_89b","text":"fig_89b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.89b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-17: equilibrium run in which the exogenous inputs level off in the year 2025. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_90a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_90a","text":"fig_90a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.90a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-18: equilibrium run in which the exogenous inputs level off in the year 2000. The behavior of land yields and food production.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_90b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Agriculture.fig_90b","text":"fig_90b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 4.90b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 4-18: equilibrium run in which the exogenous inputs level off in the year 2000. The behavior of arable land.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Capital-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Capital system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.Capital]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_36-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_36","text":"Reproduce Fig 3.36. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of [DGFW](https://archive.org/details/dynamicsofgrowth0000unse).\n\nCaption: Driving functions for the standard run of the capital sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_37-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_37","text":"fig_37(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.37. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-1: standard run of the capital sector with exogenous inputs.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_38-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_38","text":"fig_38(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.38. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-2: behavior of the capital sector when the average lifetime of industrial capital is increased from 14 to 21 years with standard inputs.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_39-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_39","text":"fig_39(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.39. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run3-3: behaviorofthecapital sector when the capital-output ratio is decreased from 3 to 2 years with standard inputs.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_40-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_40","text":"fig_40(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.40. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-4: behavior of the capital sector when the industrial capital-output ratio is increased from 3 to 4 years with standard inputs. Note: Scales for IOPC, SOPC, and IO have been changed from their normal values.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_41-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_41","text":"fig_41(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.41. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-5: behavior of the capital sector when the fraction of capital allocated to obtaining resources is increased from 0.05 to 0.35 with other inputs at their standard values. Note: Scales for IOPC, SOPC, and IO have been changed from their normal values.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_42-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_42","text":"fig_42(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.42. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-6: behavior of the capital sector when the service capital-output ratio is increased from 1 to 2 years with standard inputs.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_43-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_43","text":"fig_43(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.43. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Driving functions for capital sector experiencing increasing resource costs.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_44-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_44","text":"fig_44(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.44. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-7: behavior of the capital sector when the fraction of capital allocated to obtaining resources increases after 1970.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_45-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_45","text":"fig_45(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.45. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Driving functions for capital sector undergoing increasing food. costs\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_46-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_46","text":"fig_46(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.46. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-8: behavior of the capital sector when the fraction of industrial output allocated to agriculture increases after 1970.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_47-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_47","text":"fig_47(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.47. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Driving functions for a population decline in the capital sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_48-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Capital.fig_48","text":"fig_48(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 3.48. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 3-9: behavior of the capital sector when the population declines after 1970.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Non-Renewable-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Non-Renewable system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_25-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_25","text":"fig_25(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 5.25. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 5-1: standard run for the nonrenewable resource sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_26-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_26","text":"fig_26(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 5.26. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 5-2: Behavior of the sector with double the initial value of nonrenewable resources.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_28-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_28","text":"fig_28(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 5.28. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 5-3: The effects of cost-reducing technologies on the behavior of the nonrenewable resource sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_29-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_29","text":"fig_29(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 5.29. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 5-4: the effects of resource-conserving technologies on the behavior of the nonrenewable resource sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_30-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.NonRenewable.fig_30","text":"fig_30(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 5.30. The original figure is presented in Chapter 5 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 5-5: The effects of zero population growth and advanced technological policies on the behavior of the nonrenewable resource sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Pollution-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Pollution system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_26-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_26","text":"fig_26(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.26. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-1: behavior of the pollution sector in response to a pulse input in persistent pollution generation in 1920.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_27-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_27","text":"fig_27(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.27. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-2: behavior of the pollution sector in response to a step increase and decrease in persistent pollution generation.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_28-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_28","text":"fig_28(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.28. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Inputs to Run 6-3, the historical run of the pollution sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_29-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_29","text":"fig_29(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.29. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-3: historical run of the pollution sector.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_30-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_30","text":"fig_30(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.30. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Inputs to Run 6-4 of the pollution sector when continued material growth is assumed.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_31-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_31","text":"fig_31(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.31. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-4: behavior of the pollution sector in response to continued material growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_32-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_32","text":"fig_32(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.32. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-5: behavior of the pollution sector with decreased toxicity indices.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_33-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_33","text":"fig_33(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.33. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-6: behavior of the pollution sector when the estimate of the persistent pollution transmission delay is doubled.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_34-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_34","text":"fig_34(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.34. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-7: behavior of the pollution sector when the estimate of the persistent pollution transmission delay is halved.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_35-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_35","text":"fig_35(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.35. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-8: behavior of the pollution sector when the assimilation half-life is assumed to increase twice as fast with a rising index of persistent pollution.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_36-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_36","text":"fig_36(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.36. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-9: behavior of the pollution sector when the assimilation half-life is assumed to be constant.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_37-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_37","text":"fig_37(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.37. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-10: behavior of the pollution sector in response to a doubling of the persistent pollution transmission delay in 1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_38-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_38","text":"fig_38(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.38. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-11: behavior of the pollution sector in response to an advance in persistent pollution assimilation technology in 1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_39-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_39","text":"fig_39(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.39. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-12: behavior of the pollution sector in response to a 50 percent increase in human health and land fertility technology in 1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_40-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_40","text":"fig_40(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.40. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-13: behavior of the pollution sector in response to a sudden increase in persistent pollution generation control technology in 1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_41-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_41","text":"fig_41(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.41. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-14: behavior of the pollution sector in response to adaptive persistent pollution generation control technologies when the persistent pollution transmission delay is assumed to be 20 years.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_43-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_43","text":"fig_43(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.43. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-15: behavior of the pollution sector in response to adaptive persistent pollution generation control technologies when the persistent pollution transmission delay is assumed to be 2 years.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_44-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_44","text":"fig_44(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.44. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-16: behavior of the pollution sector when persistent pollution generation stabilizes in the year 2000.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_45-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_45","text":"fig_45(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.45. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-17: behavior of the pollution sector when persistent pollution generation stabilizes in the year 2020.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_46-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pollution.fig_46","text":"fig_46(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 6.46. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 6-18: behavior of the pollution sector when adaptive persistent pollution generation control technologies are combined with material equilibrium in the year 2020.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#One-level-population-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"One level population system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_100-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_100","text":"fig_100(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.100. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2- 15: constant total output, perfect fertility control, reduced desired family size.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_103a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_103a","text":"fig_103a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.103a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-18: maximum life expectancy of 100 years.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_103b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_103b","text":"fig_103b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.103b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-18: maximum life expectancy of 100 years.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_103c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_103c","text":"fig_103c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.103c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-18: maximum life expectancy of 100 years.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_84-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_84","text":"fig_84(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.84. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-1: historical behavior, 1900-1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_85-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_85","text":"fig_85(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.85. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2—2: historical behavior, 1900—1975, mortality variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_86-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_86","text":"fig_86(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.86. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-3: historical behavior, 1900-1975, fertility variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_87-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_87","text":"fig_87(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.87. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-4: constant low income.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_88-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_88","text":"fig_88(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.88. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-5: constant high income.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_89-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_89","text":"fig_89(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.89. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-6: constant low income, improved health care.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_90-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_90","text":"fig_90(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.90. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-7: exponential economic growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_91-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_91","text":"fig_91(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.91. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-8: exponential economic growth, mortality variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_93-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_93","text":"fig_93(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.93. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-9: exponential economic growth, fertility variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_96-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_96","text":"fig_96(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.96. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-11: exponential economic growth, perfect fertility control.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_97-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_97","text":"fig_97(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.97. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-12: exponential economic growth, perfect fertility control, reduced desired family size.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_98-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_98","text":"fig_98(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.98. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-13: constant total output.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_99-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop1.fig_99","text":"fig_99(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.99. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-14: constant total output, perfect fertility control.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Four-level-population-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Four level population system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_100-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_100","text":"fig_100(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.100. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2- 15: constant total output, perfect fertility control, reduced desired family size.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_101a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_101a","text":"fig_101a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.101a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-16: constant total output, reference for sensitivity tests.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_101b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_101b","text":"fig_101b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.101b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-16: constant total output, reference for sensitivity tests.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_101c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_101c","text":"fig_101c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.101c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-16: constant total output, reference for sensitivity tests.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_102a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_102a","text":"fig_102a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.102a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-17: equitable food distribution and nutrition education.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_102b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_102b","text":"fig_102b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.102b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-17: equitable food distribution and nutrition education.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_102c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_102c","text":"fig_102c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.102c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-17: equitable food distribution and nutrition education.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_104a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_104a","text":"fig_104a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.104a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-19: greater allocations to health services.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_104b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_104b","text":"fig_104b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.104b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-19: greater allocations to health services.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_104c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_104c","text":"fig_104c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.104c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-19: greater allocations to health services.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_105a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_105a","text":"fig_105a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.105a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-20: no crowding effect.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_105b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_105b","text":"fig_105b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.105b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-20: no crowding effect.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_105c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_105c","text":"fig_105c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.105c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-20: no crowding effect.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_106a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_106a","text":"fig_106a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.106a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-21: constant maximum total fertility.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_106b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_106b","text":"fig_106b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.106b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-21: constant maximum total fertility.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_106c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_106c","text":"fig_106c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.106c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-21: constant maximum total fertility.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_107a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_107a","text":"fig_107a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.107a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-22: lower family size norm.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_107b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_107b","text":"fig_107b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.107b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-22: lower family size norm.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_107c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_107c","text":"fig_107c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.107c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-22: lower family size norm.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_108a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_108a","text":"fig_108a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.108a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-23: constant family size norm of 3.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_108b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_108b","text":"fig_108b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.108b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-23: constant family size norm of 3.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_108c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_108c","text":"fig_108c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.108c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-23: constant family size norm of 3.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_109a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_109a","text":"fig_109a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.109a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-24: increased social adjustment delay.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_109b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_109b","text":"fig_109b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.109b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-24: increased social adjustment delay.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_109c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_109c","text":"fig_109c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.109c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-24: increased social adjustment delay.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_110a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_110a","text":"fig_110a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.110a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-25: no income expectation effect.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_110b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_110b","text":"fig_110b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.110b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-25: no income expectation effect.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_110c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_110c","text":"fig_110c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.110c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-25: no income expectation effect.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_111a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_111a","text":"fig_111a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.111a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-26: increased compensation for perceived life expectancy.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_111b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_111b","text":"fig_111b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.111b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-26: increased compensation for perceived life expectancy.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_111c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_111c","text":"fig_111c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.111c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-26: increased compensation for perceived life expectancy.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_112a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_112a","text":"fig_112a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.112a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-27: decreased lifetime perception delay.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_112b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_112b","text":"fig_112b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.112b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-27: decreased lifetime perception delay.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_112c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_112c","text":"fig_112c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.112c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-27: decreased lifetime perception delay.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_113a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_113a","text":"fig_113a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.113a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-28: decreased fertility control effectiveness.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_113b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_113b","text":"fig_113b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.113b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-28: decreased fertility control effectiveness.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_113c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_113c","text":"fig_113c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.113c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-28: decreased fertility control effectiveness.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_84-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_84","text":"fig_84(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.84. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-1: historical behavior, 1900-1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_85-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_85","text":"fig_85(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.85. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2—2: historical behavior, 1900—1975, mortality variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_86-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_86","text":"fig_86(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.86. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-3: historical behavior, 1900-1975, fertility variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_87-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_87","text":"fig_87(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.87. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-4: constant low income.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_88-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_88","text":"fig_88(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.88. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-5: constant high income.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_89-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_89","text":"fig_89(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.89. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-6: constant low income, improved health care.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_90-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_90","text":"fig_90(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.90. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-7: exponential economic growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_91-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_91","text":"fig_91(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.91. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-8: exponential economic growth, mortality variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_93-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_93","text":"fig_93(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.93. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-9: exponential economic growth, fertility variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_96-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_96","text":"fig_96(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.96. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-11: exponential economic growth, perfect fertility control.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_97-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_97","text":"fig_97(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.97. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-12: exponential economic growth, perfect fertility control, reduced desired family size.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_98-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_98","text":"fig_98(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.98. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-13: constant total output.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_99-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop4.fig_99","text":"fig_99(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.99. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-14: constant total output, perfect fertility control.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Fifteen-level-population-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Fifteen level population system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_100-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_100","text":"fig_100(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.100. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2- 15: constant total output, perfect fertility control, reduced desired family size.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_84-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_84","text":"fig_84(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.84. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-1: historical behavior, 1900-1975.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_85-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_85","text":"fig_85(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.85. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2—2: historical behavior, 1900—1975, mortality variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_86-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_86","text":"fig_86(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.86. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-3: historical behavior, 1900-1975, fertility variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_87-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_87","text":"fig_87(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.87. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-4: constant low income.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_88-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_88","text":"fig_88(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.88. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-5: constant high income.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_89-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_89","text":"fig_89(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.89. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-6: constant low income, improved health care.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_90-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_90","text":"fig_90(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.90. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-7: exponential economic growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_91-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_91","text":"fig_91(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.91. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-8: exponential economic growth, mortality variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_93-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_93","text":"fig_93(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.93. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-9: exponential economic growth, fertility variables.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_94a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_94a","text":"fig_94a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.94a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-10: exponential economic growth, higher childbearing age.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_94b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_94b","text":"fig_94b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.94b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-10: exponential economic growth, higher childbearing age.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_94c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_94c","text":"fig_94c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.94c. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-10: exponential economic growth, higher childbearing age.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_96-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_96","text":"fig_96(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.96. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-11: exponential economic growth, perfect fertility control.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_97-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_97","text":"fig_97(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.97. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-12: exponential economic growth, perfect fertility control, reduced desired family size.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_98-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_98","text":"fig_98(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.98. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-13: constant total output.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_99-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.Pop15.fig_99","text":"fig_99(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 2.99. The original figure is presented in Chapter 2 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 2-14: constant total output, perfect fertility control.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#World3-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"World3 system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_10-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_10","text":"fig_10(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.10. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-7: sensitivity of the initial value of nonrenewable resources to a doubling of NRI. To test the sensitivity of the reference run (Figure 7.7) to an error in the estimate of initial nonrenewable resources, NRI is doubled. As a result, industrialization continues for an additional 15 years until growth is again halted by the effects of resource depletion.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_11-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_11","text":"fig_11(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.11. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-8: sensitivity of the initial value of nonrenewable resources to a tenfold increase in NRI. The initial value of nonrenewable resources NRI is increased by a factor of 10, to a value well outside its most likely range. Under this optimistic assumption, the effects of nonrenewable resource depletion are no longer a constraint to growth. Note that there is no dynamic difference in this run between setting resources at 10 times their reference value or assum¬ ing an infinite value of resources. However, population and capital con¬ tinue to grow until constrained by the rising level of pollution.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_13-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_13","text":"fig_13(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.13. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-9: sensitivity of the fraction of industrial output allocated to agriculture. The slope of the fraction of industrial output allocated to agriculture FIOAA relationship is increased, reducing the time needed to redirect industrial output into or out of agricultural investment. This change has very little effect on the overall behavior of the model.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_14-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_14","text":"fig_14(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.14. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-10: sensitivity of the average lifetime of industrial capital. The average lifetime of industrial capital ALIC is increased 50 percent over its value in the reference run (from 14 years to 21 years), causing capital to grow faster than in the reference run. Although the behavior mode of the model is unchanged, the model variables do not pass through their 1970 historical values. This parameter, as well as the other parameters in the capital growth loop, is an important factor in determining the growth rate of capital.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_15-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_15","text":"fig_15(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.15. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-11: sensitivity of the average lifetime of industrial capital and the industrial capital-output ratio. As in the previous run, the average lifetime of industrial capital ALIC is increased from 14 to 21 years. To ensure that the model duplicates historical behavior, the industrial capital-output ratio ICOR is also increased (from 3 to 3.75). The resulting behavior is very similar to that of the reference run. Changes in the elements affecting capital growth, when constrained to produce behavior consistent with historical behavior, do not significantly affect the behavior of the model.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_16-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_16","text":"fig_16(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.16. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-12: improved resource exploration and extraction technologies. The implementation of improved resource exploration and extraction technologies in 1975 is modeled by lowering the capital cost of obtaining resources for industrial production. This policy allows industrial production to continue growing for a few more years than in the reference run, but it is ineffective in avoiding the effects of resource depletion.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_18-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_18","text":"fig_17(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.18. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-13: recycling technologies. The advances in resource exploration and extraction technologies of Run 7-12 are supplemented by an improvement in recycling technologies that reduces per capita resource usage by a factor of eight in 1975. That policy removes the constraining effects of resource depletion and allows population and capital growth to continue until checked by persistent pollution.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_19-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_19","text":" fig_19(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.19. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of [DGFW](https://archive.org/details/dynamicsofgrowth0000unse).\n\nCaption: Run 7-14: resource and air pollution control technologies.\nAs resource technologies eliminate the resource constraint to growth,\nindustrial output continues to grow until it generates intolerable levels of\npollution. To decrease the constraining effects of pollution on the system,\nRun 7-14 assumes that new air pollution control technologies are implemented in 1975. These additional technologies substantially reduce the\nadverse effects of air pollution on land yield. However, land yield and\nfood per capita still decline, for the high index of persistent pollution\nPPOLX decreases the land fertility. The improvement in air pollution\ncontrol technologies has solved only a small part of the pollution problem, for the rise in persistent pollutants ends growth in the other sectors of\nthe model.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_2-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_2","text":"fig_2(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.2. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-1: population sector behavior, 1900-1970. Population POP increases over time at an average growth rate of 1.2 percent per year. Both the birth rate CBR and the death rate CDR decrease over the period, the former largely because of a lower desired total fertility DTF, and the latter primarily as a result of increased health services LMHS. Both trends occur as a result of industrialization.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_20-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_20","text":"fig_20(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.20. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-15: resource and pollution technologies. Note: The scale for lOPC has been increased from 1,000 to 2,000 dollars per person-year. The resource arid air pollution control technologies of the previous run are augmented in 1975 by a technological policy that reduces by a factor of 10 the index of persistent pollution PPOLX 'generated by each unit of agricultural and industrial output. The lower level of pollution allows population and industrial output to continue to grow until the amount of available food becomes the constraining factor. The decline in food per capita FPC eventually causes a reduction in both population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_21-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_21","text":"fig_21(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.21. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-16: resource, pollution, and land yield technologies. Note: The scale of IOPC has been increased from 1,000 to 2,000 dollars per person-year. To increase food production, new agricultural technologies are implemented, augmenting the resource and pollution technologies of the previous run; they increase the land yield LY by a factor of 2 in 1975. This policy successfully raises the level of food in the short run, but in the long run the high yields cause increased land erosion, which later decreases the available food. After the year 2050 the higher rate of erosion depresses yields (and thus food per capita FPC) below the values observed in the previous run. As a result, population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC decline earlier than in Run 7-15, which assumed no new land yield technologies.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_22-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_22","text":"fig_22(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.22. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-17: resource, pollution, and agricultural technologies. Note: The scale of IOPC has been increased from 1,000 to 8,000 dollars per person-year. The resource, pollution, and land yield technologies of the previous run are supplemented in 1975 by an improvement in land maintenance technologies. These new technologies ensure that higher land yields do not lead to any significant increase in land erosion. The reduced constraints in the resource, pollution, and agriculture sectors allow population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC to continue to grow until the effects of resource depletion are again evident, as in the reference run. Both population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC decline after the year\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_23-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_23","text":"fig_23(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.23. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-18: exponential changes in technology. Here it is assumed that exponentially increasing technologies are able to postpone indefinitely the effects of the constraints to growth, as modeled in World3, at no cost and with no delays in development and implementation. The improved technologies tend to reduce per capita resource usage and pollution generation per unit of agricultural and industrial output at 4 percent per year after 1975. At the same time, land yields tend to increase at 4 percent per year, with no upper limit and with practically no adverse side effects such as land erosion. Although industrialization grows exponentially, the rate of removal of land for urban-industrial use decreases to zero by the year 2000. Finally, air pollution is assumed to have no adverse effects on land yield. Under these assumptions, population reaches 14 billion people in the year 2100 and continues to grow (though at a slow rate of 0.6 percent per year). Food is in abundance throughout the run resource usage declines to zero as fewer resources are needed to sustain output, and industrial output per capita IOPC continues to grow indefinitely.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_24-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_24","text":"fig_24(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.24. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-19: adaptive technological policies—no delays, no costs. Technological advances in reducing per capita resource usage, diminishing pollution, and increasing land yield are assumed to occur in response to a perceived need for the technologies. The maximum rate of change for each technology is assumed to be 5 percent per year. In addition, discrete advances in exploration and extraction technologies, land maintenance technologies, and air pollution technologies are assumed to be implemented in 1975. This run is similar in behavior to Run 7-18, in which technological improvements rise continuously at 4 percent per year. Growth is maintained through the year 2100 because of the absence of significant delays and costs in the development of new technologies.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_26-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_26","text":"fig_26(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.26. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-20: adaptive technological policies—the effects of limitations to technological capabilities. The adaptive technological policies assumed in this run are identical to those in Run 7-19 except that the maximum rate of technological change is assumed to be 2 percent instead of 5 percent per year. Technology is unable to avoid the effects of the constraints to growth because industrial output per capita IOPC and population POP grow faster than the maximum rate of technological change. In this run, resource depletion again halts growth in population and industrial output.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_27-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_27","text":"fig_27(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.27. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-21: adaptive technological policies—the effects of technological development and implementation costs. Here it is assumed that more effective recycling, pollution control, and land yield advances can be obtained only at increasing costs. These higher costs are represented in the model by a rise in the industrial capital-output ratio I COR. A trade-off now occurs between the benefits of continued growth and the costs of the technologies that make further growth possible. The rising costs of the new technologies cause industrial output per capita IOPC to decline after the year 2010.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_3-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_3","text":"fig_3(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-2: capital sector behavior, 1900-1970. Industrial capital IC grows exponentially, causing industrial output IO to grow. Since their growth rate is greater than that of population, industrial output per capita IOPC also grows over the period, as do service output per capita SOPC and food per capita (not graphed). As development proceeds, (1) the fraction of output in agriculture FOA declines, (2) FOA is largely replaced by the increasing fraction of output in industry FOI, and (3) the fraction of output in services FOS remains relatively constant, near 50 percent of total output.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_30-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_30","text":"fig_30(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.30. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-22: adaptive technological policies—the effects of delays and costs of technological development and implementation. Advances in recycling, pollution control, and land yield technologies are again assumed to be obtainable only at a finite cost. In addition, it is assumed that the benefits of these technologies will not be realized until 10 years after their initiation. As in Run 7-21, the rising costs, modeled as a rise in the industrial capital-output ratio ICOR, cause industrial output per capita IOPC to decline. The added costs incurred by the continued implementation of new technologies even after IOPC has peaked force IOPC to fall more precipitously than in Run 7-21.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_32-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_32","text":"fig_32(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.32. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-23: adaptive technological policies—the effects of delays and costs,with a bias for continued growth in industrial output per capita. The previous run assumed that new recycling, pollution control, and land yield technologies are developed in response to a perceived need for them. Because of the time involved in technological development and implementation, however, these new technologies were effective only after a delay. Moreover, their development and implementation required additional capital, which increased the industrial capital-output ratio. In this run, the assumptions of Run 7-22 are augmented with a societal bias toward continued growth in industrial output per capita IOPC. Technological policies are implemented only as long as they do not hamper continued growth in IOPC. This policy is effective in continuing growth in the short run but counterproductive in the long run: the failure to implement the new technologies causes a significant depletion of resources and growth is ultimately terminated.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_34-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_34","text":"fig_34(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.34. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-24: reduction of the desired completed family size. To reduce the pressures of population growth in the reference run, the desired completed family size is reduced to 2 children per family in 1975. Population POP continues to grow gradually for 70 years because of the delays inherent in the age structure. However, the effects of resource depletion again force the population to decline after 2040, as in the reference run. Since population growth is reduced, industrial output per capita IOPC and food per capita FPC rise more rapidly between 1975 and 2020 than in the reference run.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_35-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_35","text":"fig_35(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.35. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-25: increase of industrial and service capital lifetimes. Both the average lifetime of industrial capital ALIC and the lifetime of service capital ALSC are increased 50 percent in 1975, thereby extending the productivity of capital. When implemented without additional policies to reduce the capital investment rate, this policy proves to be counterproductive in the long run. Compared with the reference run, the extension of product lifetimes allows industrial output to grow more rapidly, leading to a quicker depletion of resources. The rise in resource costs forces industrial output per capita IOPC to decline earlier than in the reference run.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_36-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_36","text":"fig_36(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.36. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-26: shift in the choice of output forms. The amount of food and services desired by the population per unit of industrial output is increased by 50 percent in 1975. This shift in the choice of output slows the growth in industrial capital and industrial output, putting less pressure on the resource base. In the long run, however, the continually rising population POP thwarts the effectiveness of this policy, forcing a decline in industrial output per capita IOPC due to resource depletion.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_37-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_37","text":"fig_37(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.37. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-27: population policy and shift of output choices. A combination of social policies that cause a reduction of growth both in population and in industrial capital is simulated in this run. In 1975 the desired completed family size is reduced to 2 children per family and the amount of services and food per unit of industrial output desired by the population is increased by 50 percent. The resulting behavior is substantially more stable than in the reference run, but the overshoot and decline mode is still evident. In World3, even these reduced levels of population and industrial capital cannot be sustained over the long term; new technological policies must be added to offset the effects of the limits to growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_38-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_38","text":"fig_38(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.38. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-28: equilibrium through discrete policy changes. To obtain one example of a sustainable state of equilibrium, this run combines discrete policy changes in both technology and social values. To stabilize the population POP, the desired completed family size is reduced to 2 children per family in 1975. The growth in industrial capital is reduced in 1990 by reinvesting only enough industrial output to keep industrial output per capita IOPC at a constant level. In addition, new recycling and pollution control technologies are developed, capital lifetimes are increased, and social choices of output forms are shifted toward a preference for food and services. Population POP stabilizes in 2050 at 5 billion people, industrial output per capita IOPC levels off in 1990 at 350 dollars per person-year, and food per capita FPC stabilizes by the year 2000 at three times the subsistence level. The index of persistent pollution PPOLX is kept at very low levels, and the rate of resource depletion is slow enough to permit technology and industrial processes to adjust to changes in the availability of resources.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_39-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_39","text":"fig_39(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.39. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-29: equilibrium through adaptive policies. Adaptive technological policies that increase resource recycling, reduce persistent pollution generation, and increase land yields are combined with social policies that stabilize population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC. The technological advances in recycling, pollution control , and land yields are assumed to be effective only after a delay and to require capital for their development and implementation. As in the adaptive technological runs described in section 7.5, additional technologies are assumed to be implemented in 1975. These policies lower resource costs, decrease the effects of air pollution, and reduce land erosion. The resulting model behavior reaches equilibrium because the stable population and capital reduce the need for new technologies. Thus the newly implemented technologies are less costly, and the delays in their development and implementation are less critical to their effectiveness.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_4-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_4","text":"fig_4(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.4. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-3: agriculture sector behavior, 1900-1970. Increases in arable land AL and land yields LY cause a rise in food production over the historical period. The increase in land yields is primarily attributable to greater agricultural inputs per hectare AIPH (fertilizers, pesticides), for the land fertility LFERT remains nearly constant. Food per capita FPC also grows during the 70-year period but at a much slower rate than total food F, since the population is also increasing.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_41-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_41","text":"fig_41(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.41. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-30: stabilization policies introduced in the year 2000. The combination of adaptive technological and social policies of the previous run are not introduced until the year 2000. The continuation of growth for an additional 25 years further erodes the carrying capacity of World3; therefore, the policies that led to equilibrium 25 years earlier are no longer effective.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_5-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_5","text":"fig_5(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.5. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-4: nonrenewable resource sector behavior, 1900-1970. The rate of usage of nonrenewable resources NRUR grows exponentially at 4 percent per year over the historical period. This continuous increase is caused by the growth in both population POP and resource usage per capita PCRUM. Per capita resource usage rises as a result of industrial development. The increase in resource usage occurs at no additional increase in unit costs (see FCAOR in graph), in accordance with historical trends. In 1970, over 90 percent of the initial supply of nonrenewable resources remains to be used.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_6-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_6","text":"fig_6(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.6. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-5: persistent pollution sector behavior, 1900-1970. The rate of generation of persistent pollutants PPGR increases exponentially as its two components, persistent pollutants generated from industrial output PPGIO and persistent pollutants generated from agricultural output PPG AO, rise over the 70-year period. After a 20-year delay, the persistent pollutant appearance rate PPAPR also rises, causing the index of persistent pollutants PPOLX to rise and eventually pass through its normalized value of 1.0 in 1970.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_7-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_7","text":"fig_7(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.7. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-6A: World3 reference run. This is the World3 reference run, to be compared with the sensitivity and policy tests that follow. Both population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC grow beyond sustainable levels and subsequently decline. The cause of their decline is traceable to the depletion of nonrenewable resources. Runs 7-6B and 7-6C illustrate the mechanisms that force population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC to decline.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_8-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_8","text":"fig_8(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.8. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-6B: capital sector variables from the reference run. This and the following run depict the mechanisms that forced population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC to decline in the preceding reference run (Figure 7.7). As resources are depleted, a larger fraction of capital must be allocated to obtaining resources FCAOR after the year 2000. FCAOR rises quite steeply because of the high rate of growth of the nonrenewable resource usage rate. The increase in FCAOR reduces the amount of capital allocated to producing industrial output so that both industrial output 10 and industrial output per capita 10PC decrease after the year 2015. The lower industrial output 10 causes a reduction in total agricultural investment TAI and therefore in the amount of agricultural inputs per hectare AIPH allocated to producing food.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3.fig_9-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3.fig_9","text":"fig_9(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce Fig 7.9. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.\n\nCaption: Run 7-6C: agriculture sector variables from the reference run. As the level of agricultural inputs per hectare AIPH decreases after the year 2015 (Run 7-6B), land yield LY begins to fall. The resulting drop in food production causes food per capita FPC to decline after 2015. The lower food per capita FPC in turn reduces the lifetime multiplier from food LMF, which eventually raises the death rate and stops population growth.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Reproducing-World3-91-figures","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Reproducing World3-91 figures","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#World3-91-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"World3-91 system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3_91]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario1a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario1a","text":"fig_scenario1a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the first subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 133, in BTL.\n\nCaption: The \"Standard Run\" from The Limits to Growth The world society proceeds along its historical path as long as possible without major policy change. Population and industry output grow until a combination of environmental and natural resource constraints eliminate the capacity of the capital sector to sustain investment. Industrial capital begins to depreciate faster than the new investment can rebuild it. As it falls, food and health services also fall, decreasing life expectancy and raising the death rate.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario1b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario1b","text":"fig_scenario1b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the second subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 133, in BTL.\n\nCaption: The \"Standard Run\" from The Limits to Growth The world society proceeds along its historical path as long as possible without major policy change. Population and industry output grow until a combination of environmental and natural resource constraints eliminate the capacity of the capital sector to sustain investment. Industrial capital begins to depreciate faster than the new investment can rebuild it. As it falls, food and health services also fall, decreasing life expectancy and raising the death rate.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario2a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario2a","text":"fig_scenario2a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the first subfigure of Scenario 2 from Chapter 4, page 135, in BTL.\n\nCaption: Doubled Resources Are Added to Scenario 1 If we double the natural resource endowment we assumed in Scenario 1, industry can grow 20 years longer. Population rises to more than 9 billion in 2040. These increased levels generate much more pollution, which reduces land yield and forces much greater investment in agriculture. Eventually declining food raises the population death rate.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario2b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_91.fig_scenario2b","text":"fig_scenario2b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the second subfigure of Scenario 2 from Chapter 4, page 135, in BTL.\n\nCaption: Doubled Resources Are Added to Scenario 1 If we double the natural resource endowment we assumed in Scenario 1, industry can grow 20 years longer. Population rises to more than 9 billion in 2040. These increased levels generate much more pollution, which reduces land yield and forces much greater investment in agriculture. Eventually declining food raises the population death rate.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#Reproducing-World3-03-figures","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Reproducing World3-03 figures","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/#World3-03-system","page":"Source code documentation","title":"World3-03 system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"source/","page":"Source code documentation","title":"Source code documentation","text":"Modules = [WorldDynamics.World3_03]\nPages = [\"plots.jl\"]","category":"page"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_03.fig_scenario1a-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_03.fig_scenario1a","text":"fig_scenario1a(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the first subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 169, in LtG30y.\n\nCaption: Scenario 1: A Reference Point The world society proceeds in a traditional manner without any major deviation from the policies pursued during most of the twentieth century. Population and production increase until growth is halted by increasingly inaccessible nonrenewable resources. Ever more investment is required to maintain resource flows. Finally, lack of investment funds in the other sectors of the economy leads to declining output of both industrial goods and services. As they fall, food and health services are reduced, decreasing life expectancy and raising average death rates.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_03.fig_scenario1b-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_03.fig_scenario1b","text":"fig_scenario1b(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the second subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 169, in LtG30y.\n\nCaption: Scenario 1: A Reference Point The world society proceeds in a traditional manner without any major deviation from the policies pursued during most of the twentieth century. Population and production increase until growth is halted by increasingly inaccessible nonrenewable resources. Ever more investment is required to maintain resource flows. Finally, lack of investment funds in the other sectors of the economy leads to declining output of both industrial goods and services. As they fall, food and health services are reduced, decreasing life expectancy and raising average death rates.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"source/#WorldDynamics.World3_03.fig_scenario1c-Tuple{}","page":"Source code documentation","title":"WorldDynamics.World3_03.fig_scenario1c","text":"fig_scenario1c(; kwargs...)\n\nReproduce the third subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 169, in LtG30y.\n\nCaption: Scenario 1: A Reference Point The world society proceeds in a traditional manner without any major deviation from the policies pursued during most of the twentieth century. Population and production increase until growth is halted by increasingly inaccessible nonrenewable resources. Ever more investment is required to maintain resource flows. Finally, lack of investment funds in the other sectors of the economy leads to declining output of both industrial goods and services. As they fall, food and health services are reduced, decreasing life expectancy and raising average death rates.\n\n\n\n\n\n","category":"method"},{"location":"world2/#eqs_vars_pars_2","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world2/","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"In this page we list the equations, the variables and the parameters of the World2 model as described in Chapter 3 and Appendix B of the book World dynamics (1973). Even if it is not said explicitily in the book, the World2 model consists of six systems containing several subsystems.","category":"page"},{"location":"world2/#Equations","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Equations","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world2/","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"System # Definition Reference Notes\nPopulation 1 fracdmathttpdt = mathttbr - mathttdr page 33 see initialisation of mathttp\nPopulation 2 mathttbr = mathttptimesmathitclip(mathttbrn mathttbrn1mathittmathttswt1)timesmathttbrfmtimesmathttbrmmtimesmathttbrcmtimesmathttbrpm page 34 see values of mathttbrn, mathttbrn1, and mathttswt1\nPopulation 3 mathttbrmm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttmslright) page 35 see table mathttbrmm\nCapital investment 4 mathttmsl=fracmathttecirmathttecirn page 36 see value of mathttecirn\nCapital investment 5 mathttecir=fracmathttcirtimes(1-mathttciaf)timesmathttnrem1-mathttciafn page 37 see value of mathttciafn\nNatural resources 6 mathttnrem=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttnrfrright) page 38 see table mathttnrem\nNatural resources 7 mathttnrfr=fracmathttnrmathttnri page 38 see initialisation of mathttnr\nNatural resources 8 fracdmathttnrdt = - mathttnrur page 39 see initialisation of mathttnr\nNatural resources 9 mathttnrur = mathttptimesmathitclip(mathttnrun mathttnrun1mathittmathttswt2)timesmathttnrmm page 39 see values of mathttnrun, mathttnrun1, and mathttswt2\nPopulation 10 mathttdr = mathttptimesmathitclip(mathttdrn mathttdrn1mathittmathttswt3)timesmathttdrfmtimesmathttdrmmtimesmathttdrcmtimesmathttdrpm page 40 see values of mathttdrn, mathttdrn1, and mathttswt3\nPopulation 11 mathttdrmm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttmslright) page 41 see table mathttdrmm\nPopulation 12 mathttdrpm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttpolrright) page 42 see table mathttdrpm\nPopulation 13 mathttdrfm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttfrright) page 43 see table mathttdrfm\nPopulation 14 mathttdrcm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttcrright) page 44 see table mathttdrcm\nPopulation 15 mathttcr=fracmathttpmathttlatimesmathttpdn page 44 see values of mathttla and mathttpdn\nPopulation 16 mathttbrcm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttcrright) page 45 see table mathttbrcm\nPopulation 17 mathttbrfm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttfrright) page 46 see table mathttbrfm\nPopulation 18 mathttbrpm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttpolrright) page 47 see table mathttbrpm\nAgricultural investment 19 mathttfr = fracmathttfpcitimesmathttfcmtimesmathttfpmtimesmathitclip(mathttfc mathttfc1mathittmathttswt7)mathttfn page 47 see values of mathttfc, mathttfc1, mathttfn, and mathttswt7\nAgricultural investment 20 mathttfcm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttcrright) page 48 see table mathttfcm\nAgricultural investment 21 mathttfpci=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttciraright) page 49 see table mathttfpci\nCapital investment 22 mathttcira=fracmathttcirtimesmathttciafmathttciafn page 50 see value of mathttciafn\nCapital investment 23 mathttcir=fracmathttcimathttp page 50 \nCapital investment 24 fracdmathttcidt = mathttcig-mathttcid page 50 see initialisation of mathttci\nCapital investment 25 mathttcig = mathttptimesmathttbrfmtimesmathitclip(mathttcign mathttcign1mathittmathttswt4) page 51 see values of mathttcign, mathttcign1, and mathttswt4\nCapital investment 26 mathttcim=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttmslright) page 52 see table mathttcim\nCapital investment 27 mathttcid = mathttcitimesmathitclip(mathttcidn mathttcidn1mathittmathttswt5) page 53 see values of mathttcidn, mathttcidn1, and mathttswt5\nAgriculture investment 28 mathttfpm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttpolrright) page 54 see table mathttfpm\nPollution 29 mathttpolr = fracmathttpolmathttpols page 54 see value of mathttpols\nPollution 30 fracdmathttpoldt = mathttpolg-mathttpola page 54 see initialisation of mathttpol\nPollution 31 mathttpolg = mathttptimesmathitclip(mathttpoln mathttpoln1mathittmathttswt6)timesmathttpolcm page 55 see values of mathttpoln, mathttpoln1, and mathttswt6\nPollution 32 mathttpolcm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttcirright) page 56 see table mathttpolcm\nPollution 33 mathttpola=fracmathttpolmathttpolat page 57 see table mathttpolcm\nPollution 34 mathttpolat=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttpolrright) page 58 see table mathttpolat\nAgriculture investment 35 fracdmathttciafdt = fracmathttcfifrtimesmathttciqr-mathttciafmathttciaft page 59 see initialisation of mathttciaf and value of mathttciaft\nAgriculture investment 36 mathttcfifr=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttfrright) page 60 see table mathttcfifr\nQuality life 37 mathttql = mathttqlstimesmathttqlmtimesmathttqlctimesmathttqlftimesmathttqlp page 60 see value of mathttqls\nQuality life 38 mathttqlm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttmslright) page 61 see table mathttqlm\nQuality life 39 mathttqlc=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttcrright) page 62 see table mathttqlc\nQuality life 40 mathttqlf=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttfrright) page 63 see table mathttqlf\nQuality life 41 mathttqlp=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttpolrright) page 64 see table mathttqlp\nNatural resources 42 mathttnrmm=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttmslright) page 64 see table mathttnrmm\nAgriculture investment 43 mathttciqr=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttqlmmathttqlfright) page 65 see table mathttciqr","category":"page"},{"location":"world2/#Variable-and-(ODE)-subsystem-correspondance","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Variable and (ODE) subsystem correspondance","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world2/","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Description Name Main subsystem Other subsystems\nPopulation p population birth_rate, capital_investment, capital_investment_generation, death_rate, natural_resources_usage_rate, pollution_generation\nBirth rate br birth_rate population\nBirth rate from crowding multiplier brcm birth_rate \nBirth rate from food multiplier brfm birth_rate \nBirth rate from material multiplier brmm birth_rate \nBirth rate from pollution multiplier brpm birth_rate \nCapital investment ci capital_investment capital_investment_discard\nCapital fraction indicated by food ratio cfifr agriculture_investment \nCapital investment in agriculture fraction ciaf agriculture_investment capital_investment\nCapital investment discard cid capital_investment_discard capital_investment\nCapital investment generation cig capital_investment_generation capital_investment\nCapital investment multiplier cim capital_investment_generation \nCapital investment from quality ratio ciqr agriculture_investment \nCapital investment ratio cir capital_investment pollution_generation\nCapital investment ratio in agriculture cira capital_investment agriculture_investment\nCrowding ratio cr population agriculture_investment, birth_rate, death_rate, quality_life\nDeath rate dr death_rate population\nDeath rate from crowding multiplier drcm death_rate \nDeath rate from food multiplier drfm death_rate \nDeath rate from material multiplier drmm death_rate \nDeath rate from pollution multiplier drpm death_rate \nEffective capital investment ratio ecir capital_investment \nFood from crowding multiplier fcm agriculture_investment \nFood potential from capital investment fpci agriculture_investment \nFood from pollution multiplier fpm agriculture_investment \nFood ratio fr agriculture_investment birth_rate, death_rate, quality_life\nMaterial standard of living msl capital_investment birth_rate, capital_investment_generation, death_rate, natural_resources_usage_rate, quality_life\nNatural resources nr natural_resources \nNatural resource extraction multiplier nrem natural_resources capital_investment\nNatural resource fraction remaining nrfr natural_resources \nNatural resources from material multiplier nrmm natural_resources_usage_rate \nNatural resource usage rate nrur natural_resources_usage_rate natural_resources\nPollution pol pollution pollution_absorption\nPollution absorption pola pollution_absorption pollution\nPollution absorption time polat pollution_absorption \nPollution from capital multiplier polcm pollution_generation \nPollution generation polg pollution_generation pollution\nPollution ratio polr pollution agriculture_investment, birth_rate, death_rate, pollution_absorption, quality_life\nQuality of life ql quality_life \nQuality of life from crowding qlc quality_life \nQuality of life from food qlf quality_life agriculture_investment\nQuality of life from material qlm quality_life agriculture_investment\nQuality of life from pollution qlp quality_life ","category":"page"},{"location":"world2/#Variable-initializations","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Variable initializations","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world2/","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Description Initialization Reference\nCapital investment mathttci(0)=04e9 page 50\nAgriculture investment mathttciaf(0)=02 page 59\nNatural resources mathttnr(0)=900e9 page 39\nPopulation mathttp(0)=165e9 page\nPollution mathttpol(0)=02e9 page 54","category":"page"},{"location":"world2/#Parameters","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Parameters","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world2/","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Description Name Value System\nBirth rate normal mathttbrn 004 Population\nBirth rate normal no. 1 mathttbrn1 004 Population\nCapital investment in agriculture fraction normal mathttciafn 03 Capital investment\nCapital investment in agriculture fraction adjustment time mathttciaft 15 Agriculture investment\nCapital investment discard normal mathttcidn 0025 Capital investment\nCapital investment discard normal no. 1 mathttcidn1 0025 Capital investment\nCapital investment generation normal mathttcign 005 Capital investment\nCapital investment generation normal no. 1 mathttcign1 005 Capital investment\nDeath rate normal mathttdrn 0028 Population\nDeath rate normal no. 1 mathttdrn1 0028 Population\nEffective capital investment ratio normal mathttecirn 1 Capital investment\nFood coefficient mathttfc 1 Agriculture investment\nFood coefficient no. 1 mathttfc1 1 Agriculture investment\nFood normal mathttfn 1 Agriculture investment\nLand area mathttla 135e6 Population\nNatural resource usage normal mathttnrun 1 Natural resources\nNatural resource usage normal no. 1 mathttnrun1 1 Natural resources\nPopulation density normal mathttpdn 265 Population\nPollution normal mathttpoln 1 Pollution\nPollution normal no. 1 mathttpoln1 1 Pollution\nPollution standard mathttpols 36e9 Pollution\nQuality of life standard mathttqls 1 Quality life\nSwitch time no. 1 for brn mathttswt1 1970 Population\nSwitch time no. 2 for nrun mathttswt2 1970 Natural resources\nSwitch time no. 3 for nrun mathttswt3 1970 Population\nSwitch time no. 4 for cign mathttswt4 1970 Capital investment\nSwitch time no. 5 for cidn mathttswt5 1970 Capital investment\nSwitch time no. 6 for poln mathttswt6 1970 Pollution\nSwitch time no. 7 for fc mathttswt7 1970 Population","category":"page"},{"location":"world2/#Tables-and-ranges","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Tables and ranges","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world2/","page":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 2 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Variable name Table Range System\nmathttbrcm (105 10 09 07 06 055) (0 5) Population\nmathttbrfm (00 10 16 19 20) (0 4) Population\nmathttbrmm (12 10 085 075 07 07) (0 5) Population\nmathttbrpm (102 09 07 04 025 015 01) (0 60) Population\nmathttcfifr (10 06 03 015 01) (0 2) Agriculture investment\nmathttcim (01 10 18 24 28 30) (0 5) Capital investment\nmathttciqr (07 08 10 15 20) (0 2) Agriculture investment\nmathttdrcm (09 10 12 15 19 30) (0 5) Population\nmathttdrfm (300 30 20 14 10 07 06 05 05) (0 2) Population\nmathttdrmm (30 18 10 08 07 06 053 05 05 05 05) (0 5) Population\nmathttdrpm (092 13 20 32 48 68 92) (0 60) Population\nmathttfcm (24 10 06 04 03 02) (0 5) Agricultural investment\nmathttfpci (05 10 14 17 19 205 22) (0 6) Agricultural investment\nmathttfpm (102 09 065 035 02 01 005) (0 60) Agricultural investment\nmathttnrem (00 015 05 085 10) (0 1) Natural resources\nmathttnrmm (00 10 18 24 29 33 36 38 39 395 40) (0 10) Natural resources\nmathttpolat (06 25 50 80 115 155 200) (0 60) Pollution\nmathttpolcm (005 10 30 54 74 80) (0 5) Pollution\nmathttqlc (20 13 10 075 055 045 038 03 025 022 02) (0 5) Quality life\nmathttqlf (00 10 18 24 27) (0 4) Quality life\nmathttqlm (02 10 17 23 27 29) (0 5) Quality life\nmathttqlp (104 085 06 03 015 005 002) (0 60) Quality life","category":"page"},{"location":"world3/#eqs_vars_pars","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world3/","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"In this page we list the equations, the variables and the parameters of the World3 model as described in Appendices A and B of the book Dynamics of growth in a finite world (1974) (our code also implement the model corresponding to each system of the entire World3 model as described in Chapter 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the book, but we do not list here the equations, the variables and the parameters of each such model).","category":"page"},{"location":"world3/#Equations","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Equations","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world3/","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"System # Definition Reference Notes\nPopulation 1 mathttpop = mathttp1 + mathttp2 + mathttp3 + mathttp4 page 567 \nPopulation 2 fracdmathttp1dt = mathttbr - mathttd1 - mathttmat1 page 567 see initialisation of mathttp1\nPopulation 3 mathttd1 = mathttm1timesmathttp1 page 567 \nPopulation 4 mathttm1=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttleright) page 567 see table mathttm1\nPopulation 5 mathttmat1 = frac115times(1 - mathttm1)timesmathttp1 page 567 \nPopulation 6 fracdmathttp2dt = mathttmat1 - mathttd2 - mathttmat2 page 567 see initialisation of mathttp2\nPopulation 7 mathttd2 = mathttm2timesmathttp2 page 567 \nPopulation 8 mathttm2=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttleright) page 568 see table mathttm2\nPopulation 9 mathttmat2 = frac130times(1 - mathttm2)timesmathttp2 page 568 \nPopulation 10 fracdmathttp3dt = mathttmat2 - mathttd3 - mathttmat3 page 568 see initialisation of mathttp3\nPopulation 11 mathttd3 = mathttm3timesmathttp3 page 568 \nPopulation 12 mathttm3=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttleright) page 568 see table mathttm3\nPopulation 13 mathttmat3 = frac120times(1 - mathttm3)timesmathttp3 page 568 \nPopulation 14 fracdmathttp4dt = mathttmat3 - mathttd4 page 568 see initialisation of mathttp1=4\nPopulation 15 mathttd4 = mathttm4timesmathttp4 page 568 \nPopulation 16 mathttm4=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttleright) page 568 see table mathttm4\nPopulation 17 mathttd=mathttd1+mathttd2+mathttd3+mathttd4 page 568 mathttdr in our code\nPopulation 18 mathttcdr=1000timesfracmathttdmathttpop page 568 \nPopulation 19 mathttle=mathttlentimesmathttlmftimesmathttlmhstimesmathttlmptimesmathttlmc page 568 see value of mathttlen\nPopulation 20 mathttlmf=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttfpcmathttsfpcright) page 569 see table mathttlmf\nPopulation 21 mathtthsapc=mathitinterpolateleft(mathttsopcright) page 569 see table mathtthsapc\nPopulation 22 fracdmathttehspcdt=fracmathtthsapc-mathttehspcmathtthsid page 569 see value of mathtthsid\nPopulation 23 $ \\mathtt{lmhs}=clip(\\mathtt{lmhs2},\\mathtt{lmhs1},t,\\mathtt{iphst}) $ page 569 see value of mathttiphst\nPopulation 24 mathttlmhs1=mathitinterpolate(mathttehspc) page 569 see table mathttlmhs1\nPopulation 25 mathttlmhs2=mathitinterpolate(mathttehspc) page 569 see table mathttlmhs2\nPopulation 26 mathttfpu=mathitinterpolate(mathttpop) page 569 see table mathttfpu\nPopulation 27 mathttcmi=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 569 see table mathttcmi\nPopulation 28 mathttlmc=1-mathttcmitimesmathttfpu page 570 \nPopulation 29 mathttlmp=mathitinterpolate(mathttppolx) page 570 see table mathttlmp\nPopulation 30 $ \\mathtt{b}=clip(\\mathtt{d},\\frac{\\mathtt{tf}\\times\\mathtt{p2}\\times0.5}{\\mathtt{rlt}},t,\\mathtt{pet}) $ page 570 mathttbr in our code, see values of mathttrlt and mathttpet\nPopulation 31 mathttcbr=1000timesfracmathttbmathttpop page 570 \nPopulation 32 mathttlmp=mathitmin(mathttmtf mathttmtftimes(1-mathttfce)+mathttdtftimesmathttfce) page 570 \nPopulation 33 mathttmtf=mathttmtfntimesmathttfm page 570 see value of mathttmtfn\nPopulation 34 mathttfm=mathitinterpolate(mathttle) page 570 see table mathttfm\nPopulation 35 mathttdtf=mathttdcfstimesmathttcmple page 570 \nPopulation 36 mathttcmple=mathitinterpolate(mathttple) page 570 see table mathttcmple\nPopulation 37 fracdmathttpledt=3timesfracmathttple2-mathttplemathttlpd page 571 see value of mathttlpd\nPopulation 37 fracdmathttple2dt=3timesfracmathttple1-mathttple2mathttlpd page 571 see value of mathttlpd\nPopulation 37 fracdmathttple1dt=3timesfracmathttle-mathttple1mathttlpd page 571 see value of mathttlpd\nPopulation 38 $ \\mathtt{dcfs}=clip(2,\\mathtt{dcfsn}\\times\\mathtt{frsn}\\times\\mathtt{sfsn},t,\\mathtt{zpgt}) $ page 571 see values of mathttdcfsn and mathttzpgt\nPopulation 39 mathttsfsn=mathitinterpolate(mathttdiopc) page 571 see table mathttsfsn\nPopulation 40 fracdmathttdiopcdt=3timesfracmathttdiopc2-mathttdiopcmathttsad page 571 see value of mathttsad\nPopulation 40 fracdmathttdiopc2dt=3timesfracmathttdiopc1-mathttdiopc2mathttsad page 571 see value of mathttsad\nPopulation 40 fracdmathttdiopc1dt=3timesfracmathttiopc-mathttdiopc1mathttsad page 571 see value of mathttsad\nPopulation 41 mathttfrsn=mathitinterpolate(mathttfie) page 571 see table mathttfrsn and initialisation of mathttfrsn\nPopulation 42 mathttfie=fracmathttiopc-mathttaiopcmathttaiopc page 571 \nPopulation 43 fracdmathttaiopcdt=fracmathttiopc-mathttaiopcmathttieat page 571 see value of mathttieat\nPopulation 44 mathttnfc=fracmathttmtfmathttdtf-1 page 571 \nPopulation 45 mathttfce=clip(1mathitinterpolate(mathttfcfpc)tmathttfcest) page 571 see table mathttfce and value of mathttfcest\nPopulation 46 fracdmathttfcfpcdt=3timesfracmathttfcfpc2-mathttfcfpcmathtthsid page 572 see value of mathtthsid\nPopulation 46 fracdmathttfcfpc2dt=3timesfracmathttfcfpc1-mathttfcfpc2mathtthsid page 572 see value of mathtthsid\nPopulation 46 fracdmathttfcfpc1dt=3timesfracmathttfcapc-mathttfcfpc1mathtthsid page 572 see value of mathtthsid\nPopulation 47 mathttfcapc=mathttfsafctimesmathttsopc page 572 \nPopulation 48 mathttfsafc=mathitinterpolate(mathttnfc) page 572 see table mathttfsafc\nCapital 49 mathttiopc=fracmathttiomathttpop page 572 \nCapital 50 mathttio=fracmathttictimes(1-mathttfcaor)timesmathttcufmathtticor page 572 \nCapital 51 mathttfce=clip(mathtticor2mathtticor1tmathttpyear) page 572 see values of mathtticor1, mathtticor2, and mathttpyear\nCapital 52 fracdmathtticdt=mathtticir-mathtticdr page 572 see initialisation of mathttic\nCapital 53 mathtticdr=fracmathtticmathttalic page 572 \nCapital 54 mathttalic=clip(mathttalic2mathttalic1tmathttpyear) page 573 see values of mathttalic1, mathttalic2, and mathttpyear\nCapital 55 mathtticir=mathttiotimesmathttfioai page 573 \nCapital 56 mathttfioai=1-mathttfioaa-mathttfioas-mathttfioac page 573 \nCapital 57 mathttfioac=clip(mathttfioacvmathttfioacctmathttiet) page 573 see value of mathttiet\nCapital 58 mathttfioacc=clip(mathttfioac2mathttfioac1tmathttpyear) page 573 see values of mathttfioac1, mathttfioac2, and mathttpyear\nCapital 59 mathttfioacv=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttiopcmathttiopcdright) page 571 see table mathttfioacv\nCapital 60 mathttisopc=clip(mathttisopc2mathttisopc1tmathttpyear) page 573 see value of mathttpyear\nCapital 61 mathttisopc1=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 573 see table mathttisopc1\nCapital 62 mathttisopc2=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 574 see table mathttisopc2\nCapital 63 mathttfioas=clip(mathttfioas2mathttfioas1tmathttpyear) page 574 see value of mathttpyear\nCapital 64 mathttfioas1=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttsopcmathttisopcright) page 574 see table mathttfioas1\nCapital 65 mathttfioas2=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttsopcmathttisopcright) page 574 see table mathttfioas2\nCapital 66 mathttscir=mathttiotimesmathttfioas page 574 \nCapital 67 fracdmathttscdt=mathttscir-mathttscdr page 574 see initialisation of mathttsc\nCapital 68 mathttscdr=fracmathttscmathttalsc page 574 \nCapital 69 mathttalsc=clip(mathttalsc2mathttalsc1tmathttpyear) page 574 see values of mathttalsc1, mathttalsc2, and mathttpyear\nCapital 70 mathttso=fracmathttsctimesmathttcufmathttscor page 575 \nCapital 71 mathttsopc=fracmathttsomathttpop page 575 \nCapital 72 mathttscor=clip(mathttscor2mathttscor1tmathttpyear) page 575 see values of mathttscor1, mathttscor2, and mathttpyear\nCapital 73 mathttj=mathttpjis+mathttpjas+mathttpjss page 575 \nCapital 74 mathttpjis=mathttictimesmathttjpicu page 575 \nCapital 75 mathttjpicu=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc)times0001 page 575 see table mathttjpicu\nCapital 76 mathttpjss=mathttsctimesmathttjpscu page 575 \nCapital 77 mathttjpscu=mathitinterpolate(mathttsopc)times0001 page 575 see table mathttjpscu\nCapital 78 mathttpjas=mathttjphtimesmathttal page 575 \nCapital 79 mathttjph=mathitinterpolate(mathttaiph) page 575 see table mathttjph\nCapital 80 mathttlf=(mathttp2+mathttp3)timesmathttlfpf page 575-6 see value of mathttlfpf\nCapital 81 mathttluf=fracmathttjmathttlf page 576 \nCapital 82 fracdmathttlufddt=fracmathttluf-mathttlufdmathttlufdt page 576 see value of mathttlufdt\nCapital 83 mathttcuf=mathitinterpolate(mathttlufd) page 576 see table mathttcuf and initialisation of mathttcuf\nAgriculture 84 mathttlfc=fracmathttalmathttpalt page 576 see value of mathttpalt\nAgriculture 85 fracdmathttaldt=mathttldr-mathttler-mathttlrui page 576 see initialisation of mathttal\nAgriculture 86 fracdmathttpaldt=-mathttldr page 576 see initialisation of mathttpal\nAgriculture 87 mathttf=mathttlytimesmathttaltimesmathttlfhtimes(1-mathttpl) page 576 see values of mathttlfh and mathttpl\nAgriculture 88 mathttfpc=fracmathttfmathttpop page 576 \nAgriculture 89 mathttifpc=clip(mathttifpc2mathttifpc1tmathttpyear) page 577 see value of mathttpyear\nAgriculture 90 mathttifpc1=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 577 see table mathttifpc1\nAgriculture 91 mathttifpc2=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 577 see table mathttifpc2\nAgriculture 92 mathtttai=mathttiotimesmathttfioaa page 577 \nAgriculture 93 mathttfioaa=clip(mathttfioaa2mathttfioaa1tmathttpyear) page 577 see value of mathttpyear\nAgriculture 94 mathttfioaa1=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttfpcmathttifpcright) page 577 see table mathttfioaa1\nAgriculture 95 mathttfioaa2=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttfpcmathttifpcright) page 577 see table mathttfioaa2\nAgriculture 96 mathttldr=fracmathtttaitimesmathttfialdmathttdcph page 577 \nAgriculture 97 mathttdcph=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttpalmathttpaltright) page 578 see table mathttdcph\nAgriculture 98 mathttcai=mathtttaitimes(1-mathttfiald) page 578 \nAgriculture 99 fracdmathttaidt=fracmathttcai-mathttaimathttalai page 578 see initialisation of mathttai\nAgriculture 100 mathttalai=clip(mathttalai2mathttalai1tmathttpyear) page 578 see values of mathttalai1, mathttalai2, and mathttpyear\nAgriculture 101 mathttaiph=fracmathttaitimes(1-mathttfalm)mathttal page 578 \nAgriculture 102 mathttlymc=mathitinterpolate(mathttaiph) page 578 see table mathttlymc\nAgriculture 103 mathttly=mathttlyftimesmathttlferttimesmathttlymctimesmathttlymap page 578 \nAgriculture 104 mathttlyf=clip(mathttlyf2mathttlyf1tmathttpyear) page 578 see values of mathttlyf1, mathttlyf2, and mathttpyear\nAgriculture 105 mathttlymap=clip(mathttlymap2mathttlymap1tmathttpyear) page 579 see value of mathttpyear\nAgriculture 106 mathttlymap1=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttiomathttio70right) page 579 see table mathttlymap1 and value of mathttio70\nAgriculture 107 mathttlymap2=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttiomathttio70right) page 579 see table mathttlymap2 and value of mathttio70\nAgriculture 108 mathttfiald=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttmpldmathttmpairight) page 579 see table mathttfiald\nAgriculture 109 mathttmpld=fracmathttlymathttdcphtimesmathttsd page 579 see value of mathttsd\nAgriculture 110 mathttmpai=fracmathttalaitimesmathttlytimesmathttmlymcmathttlymc page 579 \nAgriculture 111 mathttmlymc=mathitinterpolate(mathttaiph) page 579 see table mathttmlymc\nAgriculture 112 mathttall=mathttallntimesmathttllmy page 580 see value of mathttalln\nAgriculture 113 mathttllmy=clip(mathttllmy2mathttllmy1tmathttpyear) page 580 see value of mathttpyear\nAgriculture 114 mathttllmy1=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttlymathttilfright) page 580 see table mathttllmy1\nAgriculture 115 mathttllmy2=mathitinterpolateleft(fracmathttlymathttilfright) page 580 see table mathttllmy2\nAgriculture 116 mathttler=fracmathttalmathttall page 580 \nAgriculture 117 mathttuilpc=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 580 see table mathttuilpc\nAgriculture 118 mathttuilr=mathttuilpctimesmathttpop page 580 \nAgriculture 119 mathttlrui=mathitmaxleft(0fracmathttuilr-mathttuilmathttuildtright) page 580 see value of mathttuildt\nAgriculture 120 fracdmathttuildt=mathttlrui page 580 see initialisation of mathttuil\nAgriculture 121 fracdmathttlfertdt=mathttlfr-mathttlfd page 581 see initialisation of mathttlfert\nAgriculture 122 mathttlfdr=mathitinterpolate(mathttppolx) page 581 see table mathttlfdr\nAgriculture 123 mathttlfd=mathttlferttimesmathttlfdr page 581 \nAgriculture 124 mathttlfr=fracmathttilf-mathttlfertmathttlfrt page 581 see value of mathttilf\nAgriculture 125 mathttlfrt=mathitinterpolate(mathttfalm) page 581 see table mathttlfrt\nAgriculture 126 mathttfalm=mathitinterpolate(mathttpfr) page 581 see table mathttfalm\nAgriculture 127 mathttfr=fracmathttfpcmathttsfpc page 581 see value of mathttsfpc\nAgriculture 128 fracdmathttpfrdt=fracmathttfr-mathttpfrmathttfspd page 581-2 see initialisation of mathttpfr and value of mathttfspd\nNonrenewable 129 fracdmathttnrdt=mathtt-nrur page 582 see initialisation of mathttnr\nNonrenewable 130 mathttnrur=mathttpoptimesmathttpcrumtimesmathttnruf page 582 \nNonrenewable 131 mathttnruf=clip(mathttnruf2mathttnruf1tmathttpyear) page 582 see values of mathttnruf1, mathttnruf2, and mathttpyear\nNonrenewable 132 mathttpcrum=mathitinterpolate(mathttiopc) page 582 see table mathttpcrum\nNonrenewable 133 mathttnrfr=fracmathttnrmathttnritimesmathttnruf page 582 see initialisation of mathttnr\nNonrenewable 134 mathttfcaor=clip(mathttfcaor2mathttfcaor1tmathttpyear) page 582 see value of mathttpyear\nNonrenewable 135 mathttfcaor1=mathitinterpolate(mathttnrfr) page 582 see table mathttfcaor1\nNonrenewable 136 mathttfcaor2=mathitinterpolate(mathttnrfr) page 582-3 see table mathttfcaor2\nPollution 137 mathttppgr=(mathttppgio+mathttppgao)timesmathttppgf page 583 \nPollution 138 mathttppgf=clip(mathttppgf2mathttppgf1tmathttpyear) page 583 see values of mathttppgf2, mathttppgf1, and mathttpyear\nPollution 139 mathttppgio=mathttpcrumtimesmathttpoptimesmathttfrpmtimesmathttimeftimesmathttimti page 583 see values of mathttfrpm, mathttimef, and mathttimti\nPollution 140 mathttppgao=mathttaiphtimesmathttaltimesmathttfipmtimesmathttamti page 583 see values of mathttfipm and mathttamti\nPollution 141 fracdmathttppaprdt=3timesfracmathttppapr2-mathttppaprmathttpptd page 583 see value of mathttpptd\nPollution 141 fracdmathttppapr2dt=3timesfracmathttppapr1-mathttppapr2mathttpptd page 583 see value of mathttpptd\nPollution 141 fracdmathttppapr1dt=3timesfracmathttppgr-mathttppapr1mathttpptd page 583 see value of mathttpptd\nPollution 142 fracdmathttppoldt=mathttppapr-mathttppasr page 583 see initialisation of mathttppol\nPollution 143 mathttppolx=fracmathttppolmathttppol70 page 584 see value of mathttppol70\nPollution 144 mathttppasr=fracmathttppolmathttahltimes 14 page 584 \nPollution 145 mathttahlm=mathitinterpolate(mathttppolx) page 584 see table mathttahlm\nPollution 146 mathttahl=mathttahl70timesmathttahlm page 584 see value of mathttahl70\nSupplementary 147 mathttfoa=frac022timesmathttf022timesmathttf+mathttso+mathttio page 584 \nSupplementary 148 mathttfoi=fracmathttio022timesmathttf+mathttso+mathttio page 584 \nSupplementary 149 mathttfos=fracmathttso022timesmathttf+mathttso+mathttio page 584 ","category":"page"},{"location":"world3/#Variable-and-(ODE)-subsystem-correspondance","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Variable and (ODE) subsystem correspondance","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world3/","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Description Name Main subsystem Other subsystems\nPopulation pop population land_development, land_erosion_urban_industrial_use, industrial_subsector, service_subsector, non_renewable, persistent_pollution, birth_rate, death_rate\nPopulation, ages 0-14 p1 population \nPopulation, ages 15-44 p2 population job_subsector\nPopulation, ages 45-64 p3 population job_subsector\nPopulation, ages 65+ p4 population \nDeaths per year, ages 0-14 d1 population \nDeaths per year, ages 15-44 d2 population \nDeaths per year, ages 45-64 d3 population \nDeaths per year, ages 65+ d4 population \nMortality, ages 0-14 m1 population \nMortality, ages 15-44 m2 population \nMortality, ages 45-64 m3 population \nMortality, ages 65+ m4 population \nMaturation rate, age 14-15 mat1 population \nMaturation rate, age 44-45 mat2 population \nMaturation rate, age 64-65 mat3 population \nDeaths per year dr death_rate population\nCrude death rate cdr death_rate \nLife expectancy le death_rate birth_rate,population\nLifetime multiplier from food lmf death_rate \nHealth services allocations per capita hsapc death_rate \nEffective health services per capita ehspc death_rate \nLifetime multiplier from health services lmhs death_rate \nlmhs before time pyear lmhs1 death_rate \nlmhs after time pyear lmhs2 death_rate \nFraction of population urban fpu death_rate \nCrowding multiplier from industrialization cmi death_rate \nLifetime multiplier from crowding lmc death_rate \nLifetime multiplier from pollution lmp death_rate \nBirths per year br birth_rate population\nCrude birth rate cbr birth_rate \nTotal fertility tf birth_rate population\nMaximum total fertility mtf birth_rate \nFecundity multiplier fm birth_rate \nDesired total fertility dtf birth_rate \nCompensatory multiplier from perceived life expectancy cmple birth_rate \nPerceived life expectancy ple birth_rate \n ple1 birth_rate \n ple2 birth_rate \nDesired completed family size dcfs birth_rate \nSocial family size norm sfsn birth_rate \nDelayed industrial output per capita diopc birth_rate \n diopc1 birth_rate \n diopc2 birth_rate \nFamily response to social norm frsn birth_rate \nFamily income expectation fie birth_rate \nAverag industrial output per capita aiopc birth_rate \nNeed for fertility control nfc birth_rate \nFertility control effectiveness fce birth_rate \nFertility control facilities per capita fcfpc birth_rate \n fcfpc1 birth_rate \n fcfpc2 birth_rate \nFertility control allocations per capita fcapc birth_rate \nFraction of services allocated to fertility control fsafc birth_rate \nIndustrial output per capita iopc industrial_subsector land_development, land_erosion_urban_industrial_use, job_subsector, service_subsector, non_renewable, birth_rate, death_rate\nIndustrial output io industrial_subsector agricultural_inputs, land_development, service_subsector, supplementary_equations\nIndustrial capital-output ratio icor industrial_subsector \nIndustrial capital ic industrial_subsector job_subsector\nIndustrial capital depreciation rate icdr industrial_subsector \nAverage lifetime of industrial capital alic industrial_subsector \nIndustrial capital investment rate icir industrial_subsector \nFraction of industrial output allocated to industry fioai industrial_subsector \nFraction of industrial output allocated to consumption fioac industrial_subsector \nfioac constant fioacc industrial_subsector \nfioac variable fioacv industrial_subsector \nIndicated service output per capita isopc service_subsector \nisopc before pyear isopc1 service_subsector \nisopc after pyear isopc2 service_subsector \nFraction of industrial output allocated to services fioas service_subsector industrial_subsector\nfioas before pyear fioas1 service_subsector \nfioas after pyear fioas2 service_subsector \nService capital investment rate scir service_subsector \nService capital sc service_subsector job_subsector\nService capital depreciation rate scdr service_subsector \nAverage lifetime of service capital alsc service_subsector \nService output so service_subsector supplementary_equations\nService output per capita sopc service_subsector job_subsector, birth_rate, death_rate\nService capital-output ratio scor service_subsector \nJobs j job_subsector \nPotential jobs in industrial sector pjis job_subsector \nJobs per industrial capital unit jpicu job_subsector \nPotential jobs in service sector pjss job_subsector \nJobs per service capital unit jpscu job_subsector \nPotential jobs in agricultural sector pjas job_subsector \nJobs per hectare jph job_subsector \nLabor force lf job_subsector \nLabor utilization fraction luf job_subsector \nLabor utilization fraction delayed lufd job_subsector \nCapital utilization fraction cuf job_subsector industrial_subsector, service_subsector\nLand fraction cultivated lfc land_development \nArable land al land_development agricultural_inputs, land_erosion_urban_industrial_use, job_subsector, persistent_pollution\nPotentially arable land pal land_development \nFood f land_development supplementary_equations\nFood per capita fpc land_development discontinuing_land_maintenance, death_rate\nIndicated food per capita ifpc land_development \nifpc before pyear ifpc1 land_development \nifpc after pyear ifpc2 land_development \nTotal agricultural investment tai land_development agricultural_inputs\nFraction of industral ouput allocated to agriculture fioaa land_development industrial_subsector\nfioaa before pyear fioaa1 land_development \nfioaa after pyear fioaa2 land_development \nLand development rate ldr land_development \nDevelopment cost per hectare dcph land_development investment_allocation_decision\nCurrent agricultural inputs cai agricultural_inputs \nagricultural inputs ai agricultural_inputs \nAverage lifetime of agricultural inputs alai agricultural_inputs investment_allocation_decision\nAgricultural inputs per hectare aiph agricultural_inputs investment_allocation_decision, job_subsector, persistent_pollution\nLand yield multiplier from capital lymc agricultural_inputs investment_allocation_decision\nLand yield ly agricultural_inputs investment_allocation_decision, land_development, land_erosion_urban_industrial_use\nLand yield factor lyf agricultural_inputs \nLand yield multiplier from air pollution lymap agricultural_inputs \nlymap before pyear lymap1 agricultural_inputs \nlymap after pyear lymap2 agricultural_inputs \nFraction of inputs allocated to land development fiald agricultural_inputs investment_allocation_decision , land_development\nMarginal productivity of land development mpld investment_allocation_decision \nMarginal productivity of agricultural inputs mpai investment_allocation_decision \nMarginal land yield multiplier from capital mlymc investment_allocation_decision \nAverage life of land all land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nLand life multiplier from yeld llmy land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nllmy before pyear llmy1 land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nllmy after pyear llmy2 land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nLand erosion rate ler land_erosion_urban_industrial_use land_development\nUrban-industrial land per capita uilpc land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nUrban-industrial land required uilr land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nLand removal from urban-industrial use lrui land_erosion_urban_industrial_use land_development\nUrban-industrial land uil land_erosion_urban_industrial_use \nLand fertility lfert land_fertility_degradation agricultural_inputs, land_fertility_regeneration\nLand fertility degradation rate lfdr land_fertility_degradation \nLand fertility degradation lfd land_fertility_degradation \nLand fertility regeneration lfr land_fertility_regeneration land_fertility_degradation\nLand fertility regeneration time lfrt land_fertility_regeneration \nFraction of inputs allocated to land maintenance falm discontinuing_land_maintenance agricultural_inputs, land_fertility_regeneration\nFood ratio fr discontinuing_land_maintenance \nPerceived food ratio pfr discontinuing_land_maintenance \nNonrenewable resources nr non_renewable \nNonrenewable resource usage rate nrur non_renewable \nNonrenewable resource usage factor nruf non_renewable \nPer capita resource usage multiplier pcrum non_renewable persistent_pollution\nNonrenewable resource fraction remaining nrfr non_renewable \nFraction of capital allocated to obtaining resources fcaor non_renewable industrial_subsector\nfcaor before pyear fcaor1 non_renewable \nfcaor after pyear fcaor2 non_renewable \nPersistent pollution generation rate ppgr persistent_pollution \nPersistent pollution generation factor ppgf persistent_pollution \nppgf before pyear ppgf1 persistent_pollution \nppgf after pyear ppgf2 persistent_pollution adaptive_technological_control_cards\nPersistent pollution generated by industrial output ppgio persistent_pollution \nPersistent pollution generated by agricultural output ppgao persistent_pollution \nPersistent pollution appearance rate ppapr persistent_pollution \n ppapr1 persistent_pollution \n ppapr2 persistent_pollution \n ppapr3 persistent_pollution \nPersistent pollution ppol persistent_pollution \nIndex of persistent pollution ppolx persistent_pollution land_fertility_degradation, pollution_damage, death_rate\nPersistent pollution assimilation rate ppasr persistent_pollution \nAssimilation half-life multiplier ahlm persistent_pollution \nAssimilation half-life ahl persistent_pollution \nLifetime multiplier from persistent pollution lmp pollution_damage adaptive_technological_control_cards\nLand fertility degradation rate lfdr pollution_damage \nFraction of output in agriculture foa supplementary_equations \nFraction of output in industry foi supplementary_equations \nFraction of output in services fos supplementary_equations ","category":"page"},{"location":"world3/#Variable-initializations","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Variable initializations","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world3/","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Description Initialization Reference\nAgricultural inputs mathttai(0) = 5e9 lines 99.1-2\nArable land mathttal(0) = 09e9 lines 85.1-2\nAverage industrial output per capita mathttaiopc(0) = mathttiopc(0) line 43\nCapital utilization fraction mathttcuf(0) = 1 line 83.1\nDelayed industrial output per capita mathttdiopc(0) = mathttiopc(0) line 40\n mathttdiopc1(0) = mathttiopc(0) \n mathttdiopc2(0) = mathttiopc(0) \nEffective health services per capita mathttehspc(0)=mathtthsapc(0) line 22\nFertility control facilities per capita mathttfcfpc(0) = mathttfcapc(0) line 46\n mathttfcfpc1(0) = mathttfcapc(0) \n mathttfcfpc2(0) = mathttfcapc(0) \nFamily response to social norm mathttfrsn(0)=082 line 41.2\nIndustrial capital mathttic(0)=21e11 lines 52.1-2\nLand fertility mathttlfert(0)=600 lines 121.1-2\nLabor utilization fraction delay mathttlufd(0)=mathttluf(0) line 82\nNonrenewable resources mathttnr(0)=1e12 lines 129.1-2\nPopulation, ages 0-14 mathttp1(0)=65e7 lines 2.1-2\nPopulation, ages 15-44 mathttp2(0)=70e7 lines 6.1-2\nPopulation, ages 45-64 mathttp3(0)=19e7 lines 10.1-2\nPopulation, ages 65+ mathttp4(0)=6e7 lines 14.1-2\nPotentially arable land mathttpal(0) = 23e9 lines 86.1-2\nPerceived food ratio mathttpfr(0)=1 line 128\nPerceived life expectancy mathttple(0) = mathttle(0) line 37\n mathttple1(0) = mathttle(0) \n mathttple2(0) = mathttle(0) \nPersistent pollution appearance rate mathttppapr(0) = mathttppgr(0) line 141\n mathttppapr1(0) = mathttppgr(0) \n mathttppapr2(0) = mathttppgr(0) \n mathttppapr3(0) = mathttppgr(0) \nPersistent pollution mathttppol(0) = 25e7 line 142.1\nService capital mathttsc(0) = 144e11 lines 67.1-2\nUrban-industrial land mathttuil(0) = 82e6 lines 120.1-2","category":"page"},{"location":"world3/#Parameters","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Parameters","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world3/","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Description Name Value System\nAssimilation half-life in 1970 mathttahl70 15 Pollution\nalai before pyear mathttalai1 2 Agriculture\nalai after pyear mathttalai2 2 Agriculture\nalic before pyear mathttalic1 14 Capital\nalic after pyear mathttalic2 14 Capital\nAverage life of land normal mathttalln 6000 Agriculture\nalsc before pyear mathttalsc1 20 Capital\nalsc after pyear mathttalsc2 20 Capital\nAgricultural materials toxicity index mathttamti 1 Pollution\nDesired completed family size normal mathttdcfsn 4 Population\nFertility control effectiveness set time mathttfcest 4000 Population\nfioac before pyear mathttfioac1 043 Capital\nfioac after pyear mathttfioac2 043 Capital\nFraction of inputs as persistent materials mathttfipm 0001 Pollution\nFraction of resources as persistent materials mathttfrpm 002 Pollution\nFood shortage perception delay mathttfspd 2 Agriculture\nHealth services impact delay mathtthsid 20 Population\nicor before pyear mathtticor1 3 Capital\nicor after pyear mathtticor2 3 Capital\nIncome expectation averaging time mathttieat 3 Population\nIndustrial equilibrium time mathttiet 4000 Capital\nInherent land fertility mathttilf 600 Agriculture\nIndustrial materials emission factor mathttimef 01 Pollution\nIndustrial materials toxicity index mathttimti 10 Pollution\nIndustrial output in 1970 mathttio70 79e11 Agriculture\nIndustrial output per capita desired mathttiopcd 400 Capital\nLife expectancy normal mathttlen 28 Population\nLand fraction harvested mathttlfh 07 Agriculture\nLabor force participation fraction mathttlfpf 075 Capital\nLifetime perception delay mathttlpd 20 Population\nLabor utilization fraction delay time mathttlufdt 2 Capital\nlyf before pyear mathttlyf1 1 Agriculture\nlyf after pyear mathttlyf2 1 Agriculture\nMaximum total fertility normal mathttmtfn 12 Population\nnruf before pyear mathttnruf1 1 NonRenewable\nnruf after pyear mathttnruf2 1 NonRenewable\nPotentially arable land total mathttpalt 32e9 Agriculture\nPopulation equilibrium time mathttpet 4000 Population\nProcessing loss mathttpl 01 Agriculture\nppgf before pyear mathttppgf1 1 Pollution\nppgf after pyear mathttppgf2 1 Pollution\nPersistent pollution in 1970 mathttppol70 136e8 Pollution\nYear new policy is implemented mathttpyear 1975 \nReproductive lifetime mathttrlt 30 Population\nSocial adjustment delay mathttsad 20 Population\nSocial discount mathttsd 007 Agriculture\nscor before pyear mathttscor1 1 Capital\nscor after pyear mathttscor2 1 Capital\nSubsistence food per capita mathttsfpc 230 Agriculture\nTechnological development and implementation delay mathtttdd 10 Pollution\nUrban-industrial land development time mathttuildt 10 Agriculture\nTime when desired family size equals 2 children mathttzpgt 4000 NonRenewable","category":"page"},{"location":"world3/#Tables-and-ranges","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"Tables and ranges","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"world3/","page":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","title":"World 3 equations, variables, and parameters","text":"Variable name Table Range System\nmathttifpc1 (2300 4800 6900 8500 9700 10700 11500 12100 12500) (0 1600) Agriculture\nmathttifpc2 (2300 4800 6900 8500 9700 10700 11500 12100 12500) (0 1600) Agriculture\nmathttfioaa1 (04 02 01 0025 00 00) (00 25) Agriculture\nmathttfioaa2 (04 02 01 0025 00 00) (00 25) Agriculture\nmathttdcph (1000000 74000 52000 35000 24000 15000 7500 3000 1500 750 500) (0 1) Agriculture\nmathttlymc (10 30 38 44 49 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100) (0 1000) Agriculture\nmathttlymap1 (10 10 07 04) (0 30) Agriculture\nmathttlymap2 (10 10 07 04) (0 30) Agriculture\nmathttfiald (00 005 015 03 05 07 085 095 10) (0 2) Agriculture\nmathttmlymc (0075 003 0015 0011 0009 0009 0007 0006 0005 0005 0005 0005 0005 0005 0005 0005) (0 600) Agriculture\nmathttllmy1 (12 10 063 036 016 0055 004 0025 0015 001) (0 9) Agriculture\nmathttllmy2 (12 10 063 036 016 0055 004 0025 0015 001) (0 9) Agriculture\nmathttuilpc (0005 0008 0015 0025 004 0055 007 008 009) (0 1600) Agriculture\nmathttlfdr (00 01 03 05) (0 30) Agriculture\nmathttlfrt (200 130 80 40 20 20) (0 01) Agriculture\nmathttfalm (00 004 007 009 01) (0 4) Agriculture\nmathttfioaa (01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01) (1900 2000) Capital\nmathttfioas2 (03 02 01 005 00) (0 2) Capital\nmathttfioas1 (03 02 01 005 00) (0 2) Capital\nmathttisopc1 (400 3000 6400 10000 12200 14500 16500 18000 20000) (0 1600) Capital\nmathttisopc2 (400 3000 6400 10000 12200 14500 16500 18000 20000) (0 1600) Capital\nmathttfioacv (03 032 034 036 038 043 073 077 081 082 083) (0 2) Capital\nmathttcuf (10 09 07 03 01 01) (1 11) Capital\nmathttjpicu (037 018 012 009 007 006) (50 800) Capital\nmathttjph (20 05 04 03 027 024 02 02) (2 30) Capital\nmathttaiph (50 110 210 340 580 860 1230 610 230 80 30) (1900 2100) Capital\nmathttal (90 100 110 130 160 200 230 240 240 240 240) (1900 2100) Capital\nmathttjpscu (11 06 035 02 015 015) (50 800) Capital\nmathttpop (165 173 18 21 23 255 30 365 40 46 515) (1900 2000) Capital\nmathttfcaor (005 005 005 005 005 005 005 005 005 005 005) (1900 2000) Capital\nmathttpcrum (00 085 26 44 54 62 68 70 70) (0 1600) NonRenewable\nmathttfcaor1 (10 09 07 05 02 01 005 005 005 005 005) (0 1) NonRenewable\nmathttfcaor2 (10 09 07 05 02 01 005 005 005 005 005) (0 1) NonRenewable\nmathttahlm (10 110 210 310 410) (1 1001) Pollution\nmathttpcrum (170 300 520 780 1380 2800 4800 6600 7000 7000 7000) (1900 2100) Pollution\nmathttpop (160 190 220 310 420 530 670 860 1090 1390 1760) (1900 2100) Pollution\nmathttaiph (66 110 200 340 570 970 1680 2900 4950 8450 14650) (1900 2100) Pollution\nmathttal (90 100 110 130 160 200 240 260 270 270 270) (1900 2100) Pollution\nmathttpctcm (00 -005) (0 01) Pollution\nmathttlmp1 (10 099 097 095 090 085 075 065 055 040 020) (0 100) Pollution\nmathttlmp2 (10 099 097 095 090 085 075 065 055 040 020) (0 100) Pollution\nmathttlfdr1 (00 01 03 05) (0 30) Pollution\nmathttlfdr2 (00 01 03 05) (0 30) Pollution\nmathttcmi (05 005 -01 -008 -002 005 01 015 02) (0 1600) Population\nmathttfpu (00 02 04 05 058 065 072 078 08) (0 16e9) Population\nmathtthsapc (00 200 500 950 1400 1750 2000 2200 2300) (00 20000) Population\nmathttlmf (00 10 12 13 135 14) (00 50) Population\nmathttlmhs1 (10 11 14 16 17 18) (00 1000) Population\nmathttlmhs2 (10 14 16 18 195 20) (00 1000) Population\nmathttlmp (10 099 097 095 09 085 075 065 055 04 02) (00 1000) Population\nmathttfm (00 02 04 06 08 09 10 105 11) (00 800) Population\nmathttcmple (30 21 16 14 13 12 11 105 10) (00 800) Population\nmathttsfsn (125 10 09 08 075) (00 8000) Population\nmathttfrsn (05 06 07 085 10) (-02 02) Population\nmathttfce (075 085 09 095 098 099 10) (00 30) Population\nmathttfsafc (00 0005 0015 0025 003 0035) (00 100) Population\nmathttm1 (00567 00366 00243 00155 00082 00023 0001) (20 80) Population\nmathttm2 (00266 00171 00110 00065 00040 00016 00008) (20 80) Population\nmathttm3 (00562 00373 00252 00171 00118 00083 0006) (20 80) Population\nmathttm4 (013 011 009 007 006 005 004) (20 80) Population","category":"page"},{"location":"#WorldDynamics.jl","page":"Home","title":"WorldDynamics.jl","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"","page":"Home","title":"Home","text":"This is the documentation page for WorldDynamics.jl, an open-source framework written in Julia for world dynamics modeling and simulation.","category":"page"},{"location":"#The-World-Dynamics-Project","page":"Home","title":"The World Dynamics Project","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"","page":"Home","title":"Home","text":"The World Dynamics project aims to provide a modern framework to investigate models of global dynamics focused on sustainable development based on current software engineering and scientific machine learning techniques. Our group is developing a Julia library to allow scientists to easily use and adapt different world models, from Forrester's World2 to Meadows et al.'s World3 to recent proposals. By enabling an open, interdisciplinary, and consistent comparative approach to scientific model development, our goal is to supply high-quality information to global policy making on environmental and economic issues.","category":"page"},{"location":"#Getting-started","page":"Home","title":"Getting started","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"","page":"Home","title":"Home","text":"From the Julia REPL, install the package with ","category":"page"},{"location":"","page":"Home","title":"Home","text":"]add WorldDynamics","category":"page"},{"location":"","page":"Home","title":"Home","text":"You can now use the package, e.g. for reproducing Figure 7.7 from the book Dynamics of growth in a finite world: ","category":"page"},{"location":"","page":"Home","title":"Home","text":"using WorldDynamics\nWorld3.fig_7()","category":"page"},{"location":"","page":"Home","title":"Home","text":"Here is the output superposed to the original picture: (Image: image)","category":"page"},{"location":"","page":"Home","title":"Home","text":"The docstrings of each figure function contain specific pointers to the corresponding original figure numbers and captions.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#A-WorldDynamics-tutorial","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"A WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"WorldDynamics allows the user to play with the World3 model introduced in the book Dynamics of Growth in a Finite World (1974). Informally speaking, this model is formed by five systems, each containing one or more subsystems. The following picture shows the structure of the model and the connections between the subsystems which share a common variable.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"(Image: The World3 model)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"As it can be seen, the five systems are Pop4 (which is the population system with four age levels), Agriculture, Capital, Non-renewable (resources), and Pollution. The Pop4 system is formed by the three subsystems pop (population), br (birth rate), and dr (death rate). For instance, the subsystem br uses the variable pop which originates from the subsystem pop, while the subsystem pop uses the variable le which originates from the subsystem dr. Of course, there are variables which connect subsystem of different systems. For example, the subsystem pp of the system Pollution uses the variable aiph which originates from the subsystem ai of the system Agriculture (for an entire list of variables and of subsystems using them see the World 3 equations, variables, and parameters page).","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"In WorldDynamics each system is a Julia module and each subsystem corresponds to a Julia function of this module (or of a module which is included in this module), which defines the ODE system corresponding to the subsystem itself. All the ODE systems corresponding to the subsystems of the World3 model have to be composed (see the function compose in the solvesystems.jl code file). This will produce the entire ODE system of the World3 model, which can then be solved by using the function solve in the solvesystems.jl code file.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Let us now see how we can replicate the runs described in the chapters of the above mentioned book.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Replicating-book-runs","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Replicating book runs","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"For each run described in the seventh chapter of the book, WorldDynamics defines a function which allows the user to reproduce the corresponding figure. For example, in order to replicate Run 7-1, which shows the behavior of important variables in the population system when the world model is run from 1900 to 1970, and which is described in Section 7.2 of the book and depicted in Figure 7-2, we can simply execute the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\nWorld3.fig_2()","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Instead, in order to replicate Run 7-28, which reaches equilibrium through discrete policy changes, and which is described in Section 7.7 of the book depicted in Figure 7-38, we can execute the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\nWorld3.fig_38()","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"We can also replicate the runs of the other chapters of the book (each one devoted to one system of the model). For example, in order to replicate the standard run of the capital system, which is described in Section 3.7 of the book and depicted in Figure 3-36, we can execute the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\nWorld3.Capital.fig_36()","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Performing-sensitivity-tests","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Performing sensitivity tests","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"In order to perform sensitivity tests, we have first to modify the parameter or the interpolation table of the variable with respect to which we want to perform the sensitivity test, then to create the ODE system corresponding to the historical run with the modification integrated in the system, and finally to solve the ODE system. We can then plot the resulting evolution of the model.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Modifying-a-parameter-of-the-variable","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Modifying a parameter of the variable","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"In order to reproduce Figure 7-10, for example, in which the nonrenewable resources initial value (that is, the value of the NRI parameter) is doubled, we can modify the value of this parameter by getting the parameter set of the nonrenewable resources sector, and by changing the value of NRI, as shown in the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\n\nnonrenewable_parameters_7_10 = World3.NonRenewable.getparameters();\nnonrenewable_parameters_7_10[:nri] = 2.0 * nonrenewable_parameters_7_10[:nri];","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Creating-the-ODE-system","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Creating the ODE system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The ODE system is then created by executing the following code, in which we specify which set of parameter values has to be used for the nonrenewable resources sector.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"system = World3.historicalrun(nonrenewable_params=nonrenewable_parameters_7_10);","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Solving-the-ODE-system","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Solving the ODE system","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"We then have to solve the ODE system, by executing the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"sol = WorldDynamics.solve(system, (1900, 2100));","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Plotting-the-evolution-of-the-model","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Plotting the evolution of the model","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"We first have to define the variables that we want to plot. For example, Figure 7-10 of the book shows the plot of seven variables of seven different subsystems of the model. In order to easily access to these variables, we first create shortcuts to the subsystems in which they are introduced.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using ModelingToolkit\n\n@named pop = World3.Pop4.population();\n@named br = World3.Pop4.birth_rate();\n@named dr = World3.Pop4.death_rate();\n@named is = World3.Capital.industrial_subsector();\n@named ld = World3.Agriculture.land_development();\n@named nr = World3.NonRenewable.non_renewable();\n@named pp = World3.Pollution.persistent_pollution();","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The seven variables are then defined as follows.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"reference_variables = [\n (nr.nrfr, 0, 1, \"nrfr\"),\n (is.iopc, 0, 1000, \"iopc\"),\n (ld.fpc, 0, 1000, \"fpc\"),\n (pop.pop, 0, 16e9, \"pop\"),\n (pp.ppolx, 0, 32, \"ppolx\"),\n (br.cbr, 0, 50, \"cbr\"),\n (dr.cdr, 0, 50, \"cdr\"),\n];\n@variables t;","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"For each variable that we want to plot, the above vector includes a quadruple, containing the Julia variable, its range, and its symbolic name to be shown in the plot (the range and the symbolic name are optional). The time variable t has also to be declared.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Finally, we can plot the evolution of the variables according to the previously computed solution.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"plotvariables(sol, (t, 1900, 2100), reference_variables, title=\"Fig. 7-10\", showlegend=true, colored=true)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Modifying-an-interpolation-table","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Modifying an interpolation table","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"In order to reproduce Figure 7-13, in which the slope of the fraction of industrial output allocated to agriculture is increased, we can modify the two tables FIOAA1 and FIOAA2 by getting the table set of the agriculture sector, and by changing the value of these two tables. We then have to solve the ODE system again, by specifying which set of tables has to be used for the agriculture sector. Finally, we can plot the same seven variables of Figure 7-10. This is exactly what we do in the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\n\nagriculture_tables_7_13 = World3.Agriculture.gettables();\nagriculture_tables_7_13[:fioaa1] = (0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);\nagriculture_tables_7_13[:fioaa2] = (0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);\nsystem = World3.historicalrun(agriculture_tables=agriculture_tables_7_13);\nsol = WorldDynamics.solve(system, (1900, 2100));\nplotvariables(sol, (t, 1900, 2100), reference_variables, title=\"Fig. 7-13\", showlegend=true, colored=true)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Updating-the-model-with-modern-data","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Updating the model with modern data","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The flexible structure of WorldDynamics allows the user to feed the model with modern data. For example, in the book, the variable POP of the pollution system is assigned the following interpolation table which corresponds to the population number (expressed in 10^8) for a set of years between 1900 and 2100.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"tables[:pop] = (16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 31.0, 42.0, 53.0, 67.0, 86.0, 109.0, 139.0, 176.0);\nranges[:pop] = (1900, 2100)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Instead, we can extend the above set of years to a much larger one as well as replace any outdated estimations with more recent data available at open-source data catalogs. In the following, we consider past and future projections of the world population, taken from the recognized public database Our World In Data. We first have to modify the table POP by getting the table set of the pollution sector, and by changing its value. We then have to solve the ODE system again, by specifying which set of tables has to be used for the pollution sector. This is exactly what we do in the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\n\ntables = Pollution.gettables();\ntables[:pop] = (16.47,16.59,16.73,16.87,17.02,17.16,17.31,17.47,17.62,17.77,17.93,18.05,18.18,18.30,18.43,18.56,18.69,18.82,18.95,19.09,19.26,19.40,19.56,19.73,19.90,20.08,20.26,20.44,20.63,20.82,21.04,21.22,21.44,21.66,21.88,22.10,22.33,22.57,22.80,23.03,23.27,23.45,23.64,23.82,24.00,24.17,24.35,24.54,24.75,25.01,24.99,25.43,25.90,26.40,26.92,27.46,28.01,28.58,29.16,29.70,30.19,30.68,31.27,31.96,32.67,33.37,34.06,34.75,35.47,36.21,36.95,37.70,38.45,39.20,39.96,40.69,41.43,42.16,42.90,43.66,44.44,45.25,46.08,46.92,47.76,48.62,49.50,50.41,51.32,52.24,53.16,54.06,54.93,55.77,56.61,57.43,58.25,59.06,59.87,60.68,61.49,62.31,63.12,63.94,64.76,65.58,66.41,67.26,68.12,68.98,69.86,70.73,71.62,72.51,73.39,74.27,75.13,76.00,76.84,77.65,78.41,79.09,79.75,80.45,81.19,81.92,82.64,83.36,84.07,84.77,85.46,86.15,86.82,87.49,88.15,88.79,89.43,90.06,90.68,91.29,91.88,92.47,93.04,93.60,94.14,94.68,95.19,95.69,96.18,96.65,97.09,97.53,97.94,98.34,98.72,99.08,99.43,99.76,100.08,100.39,100.68,100.96,101.22,101.48,101.73,101.96,102.18,102.40,102.60,102.79,102.97,103.14,103.30,103.45,103.59,103.71,103.82,103.92,104.01,104.08,104.15,104.20,104.24,104.27,104.29,104.31,104.31,104.30,104.29,104.27,104.24,104.20,104.15,104.09,104.03,103.96,103.89,103.80,103.70,103.60,103.49);\n\nsystem = World3.Pollution.historicalrun(tables=tables);\nsol = WorldDynamics.solve(system, (1900, 2100))","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Finally, we can compare the model updated with new data against the one with outdated data by reproducing the figures from the book (as described within the Replicating book runs section).","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Implementing-a-new-model","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Implementing a new model","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"In this final section of the tutorial, we show how we can implement a new model using the WorldDynamics framework. To this aim we refer to the third chapter of the book System Dynamics Modeling with R (2016), by Jim Duggan. In this chapter, whose title is Modeling Limits to Growth, the author introduces the reader to system dynamics models of limits to growth through three models of increasing complexity. Here, we will implement the third model, in which a growing stock consumes its carrying capacity (this dynamic leads to growth followed by rapid decline). In this case we have only one system, called NonRenewableStock, which contains only one subsystem (that is, one ODE system). The coding of this system consists of four Julia source files, that is, subsystems.jl, initialisations.jl, parameters.jl, and tables.jl (we assume that these files will be included in the directory nonrenewablestock contained in the directory Duggan). The first source file will contain the variable and parameter declarations, and the function specifying the ODE system corresponding to the subsystem. The second and third source files will contain the initial values of the variables and the values of the parameters, respectively. Finally, the fourth source file will contain the tables and the ranges used to interpolate a non-linear function through a collection of linear segments.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Coding-the-parameters","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Coding the parameters","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The model uses five parameters whose values are specified in a dictionary declared in the file parameters.jl as follows.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"_params = Dict{Symbol,Float64}(\n :cost_per_investment => 2,\n :depreciation_rate => 0.05,\n :fraction_profits_reinvested => 0.12,\n :revenue_per_unit_extracted => 3,\n :desired_growth_fraction => 0.07,\n)\ngetparameters() = copy(_params)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Note that the function getparameters is exactly the one that has been used above while modifying a parameter.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Coding-the-initial-values-of-the-variables","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Coding the initial values of the variables","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The model uses 12 variables: two of them requires to specify their initial values. This is done in a dictionary declared in the file initialisations.jl as follows.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"_inits = Dict{Symbol,Float64}(\n :capital => 5,\n :resource => 1000,\n)\ngetinitialisations() = copy(_inits)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Note that the function getinitialisations can be used to get a copy of the dictionary in order to change some initial values.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Coding-the-subsystem","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Coding the subsystem","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The file subsystems.jl starst with the decalaration of the variable t with respect to which the derivatives have to be computed.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"@variables t\nD = Differential(t)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The file subsystems.jl continues by declaring one function (corresponding to one subsystem, that is, one ODE system) in which all variables and parameters of the subsystem are declared and the ODE system is defined.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"function non_renewable_stock(; name, params=_params, inits=_inits, tables=_tables, ranges=_ranges)\n @parameters cost_per_investment = params[:cost_per_investment]\n @parameters depreciation_rate = params[:depreciation_rate]\n @parameters fraction_profits_reinvested = params[:fraction_profits_reinvested]\n @parameters revenue_per_unit_extracted = params[:revenue_per_unit_extracted]\n @parameters desired_growth_fraction = params[:desired_growth_fraction]\n @variables capital(t) = inits[:capital]\n @variables depreciation(t)\n @variables desired_investment(t)\n @variables resource(t) = inits[:resource]\n @variables extraction(t)\n @variables extraction_efficiency_per_unit_capital(t)\n @variables total_revenue(t)\n @variables capital_costs(t)\n @variables profit(t)\n @variables capital_funds(t)\n @variables maximum_investment(t)\n @variables investment(t)\n eqs = [\n D(capital) ~ investment - depreciation\n depreciation ~ capital * depreciation_rate\n desired_investment ~ desired_growth_fraction * capital\n D(resource) ~ -extraction\n extraction ~ capital * extraction_efficiency_per_unit_capital\n extraction_efficiency_per_unit_capital ~ interpolate(resource, tables[:eepuc], ranges[:eepuc])\n total_revenue ~ revenue_per_unit_extracted * extraction\n capital_costs ~ capital * 0.10\n profit ~ total_revenue - capital_costs\n capital_funds ~ profit * fraction_profits_reinvested\n maximum_investment ~ capital_funds / cost_per_investment\n investment ~ min(desired_investment, maximum_investment)\n ]\n ODESystem(eqs; name)\nend","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The arguments of the function are the dictionaries corresponding to the variable initial values and to the parameter values, and the dictionaries corresponding to the tables and the ranges used for the linear of non-linear functions. The first two dictionaries are used to assign a value to all the parameters and an initial value to two variables. The ODE system is a vector of differential and algebraic equations (as specified in the chapter of the above mentioned book). Note that the two differential equations correspond to the two variables whose initial value has been specified. The variable extraction_efficiency_per_unit_capital is defined as a linear interpolation of the variable resource, by using the table tables[:eepuc] together with the range ranges[:eepuc]. The table and the corresponding range are defined in the file tables.jl, which define two dictionaries as follows.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"_tables = Dict{Symbol,Tuple{Vararg{Float64}}}(\n :eepuc => (0.0, 0.25, 0.45, 0.63, 0.75, 0.85, 0.92, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 1.0),\n)\n_ranges = Dict{Symbol,Tuple{Float64,Float64}}(\n :eepuc => (0.0, 1000.0),\n)\ngettables() = copy(_tables)\ngetranges() = copy(_ranges)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Note that the function gettables is exactly the one that has been used above while updating a model with modern data.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"We can now define a scenario by simply invoking the function non_renewable_stock and by returning the ODE system returned by this function. This is done in the file scenarios.jl (we assume that also this file is contained in the directory nonrenewablestock) which contains the following code.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"function nrs_run(; kwargs...)\n @named nrs = non_renewable_stock(; kwargs...)\n return nrs\nend","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Observe that if the model contains multiple systems and/or multiple subsystems, then the ODE systems returned by all the subsystems have to be composed by using the function compose (which also asks for the connections between the variables declared and used in different subsystems). An example of a scenario using multiple systems and subsystems is defined in the file scenarios.jl included in the directory world2 within the World model directory.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Finally, the model can be solved and simulated by using the solve and the plotvariables functions that we already used above. In particular, the file plots.jl (we assume that also this file is contained in the directory nonrenewablestock) does it in order to reproduce Figure 3.9 of the chapter of the above mentioned book.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using ModelingToolkit\nusing DifferentialEquations\n\nfunction nrs_run_solution()\n isdefined(@__MODULE__, :_solution_nrs_run) && return _solution_nrs_run\n global _solution_nrs_run = WorldDynamics.solve(nrs_run(), (0, 200), solver=Tsit5(), dt=0.015625, dtmax=0.015625)\n return _solution_nrs_run\nend\nfunction _variables_nrs()\n @named nrs = non_renewable_stock()\n variables = [\n (nrs.capital, 0, 30, \"Capital\"),\n (nrs.extraction, 0, 15, \"Extraction\"),\n (nrs.investment, 0, 2, \"Investment\"),\n (nrs.depreciation, 0, 2, \"Investment\"),\n (nrs.resource, 0, 1000, \"Resource\"),\n ]\n return variables\nend\n\nfig_3_9(; kwargs...) = plotvariables(nrs_run_solution(), (t, 0, 200), _variables_nrs(); title=\"Simulation output showing stocks and flows\", showaxis=false, showlegend=true, kwargs...)","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"Note that, for performance reasons, the definition of the function nrs_run_solution starts by checking whether the solution of the model is already available: in this case, nothing is done.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Creating-the-new-model-module","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Creating the new model module","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"We can now define a Julia module Duggan.jl as follows (we assume that this source file is contained in the directory Duggan).","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"module Duggan\nusing ModelingToolkit\nusing WorldDynamics\ninclude(\"NonRenewableStock.jl\")\nend","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"The file NonRenewableStock.jl (we assume that also this file is contained in the directory Duggan) simply includes all the Julia source files we have written above.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"module NonRenewableStock\nusing WorldDynamics\nusing ModelingToolkit\ninclude(\"nonrenewablestock/tables.jl\")\ninclude(\"nonrenewablestock/parameters.jl\")\ninclude(\"nonrenewablestock/initialisations.jl\")\ninclude(\"nonrenewablestock/subsystems.jl\")\ninclude(\"nonrenewablestock/scenarios.jl\")\ninclude(\"nonrenewablestock/plots.jl\")\nend","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/#Solving-the-model-and-producing-the-figure","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"Solving the model and producing the figure","text":"","category":"section"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"We assume that we execute the Julia REPL from the directory containing the folder Duggan. We can solve the model and produce the desired figure by simply executing the following two instructions.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"using WorldDynamics\nDuggan.NonRenewableStock.fig_3_9()","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"If everything worked well, the following picture should be shown.","category":"page"},{"location":"tutorial/","page":"WorldDynamics tutorial","title":"WorldDynamics tutorial","text":"(Image: The Figure 3.9 of the chapter on the limits to growth)","category":"page"}]
}
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-Source code documentation · WorldDynamics.jl
Returns returnifgte if the value inputvalue is greater than the threshold threshold, returniflt otherwise. This function corresponds to the CLIP (also called FIFGE) function in the DYNAMO language.
Returns the value of a function with input x, by linearly interpolating the function itself through the table yvalues and the range xrange. If x is out of the range, the value at the corresponding extremity is returned. This function corresponds to the TABHL function in the DYNAMO language. This latter function receives a table (that is, yvalues), a value (that is, x), a left and a right extreme of an interval (that is, xrange), and an increment value.
Returns 0 if the value inputvalue is smaller than the threshold threshold, returnifgte otherwise. This function corresponds to the STEP function in the DYNAMO language.
Returns returnifzero if the value inputvalue is approximately 0 with tolerance 1e-16, returnifnotzero otherwise. This function corresponds to the SWITCH (also called FIFZE) function in the DYNAMO language.
Plot the values of the variables in the vector variables obtained by the ODE system solution (normally, obtained by using the solve function in solvesystems.jl) in the specified xrange interval. For each variable, the vector variables includes a quadruple, containing the Julia variable, its range, and its symbolic name to be shown in the plot.
Return the ODE system obtained by composing the ODE systems in the vector systems and by making use of the variable equalities in connection_eqs. Normally, each ODE systems in systems corresponds to a subsystem of a system in the World3 model, and the variable equalities specify which variables are shared between the subsystems.
Return the solution of the system ODE system in the timespan interval (for the available different ODE system solvers, see the documentation of DifferentialEquations.jl).
We use the AutoVern9(Rodas5()) solver since it is among the suggested ones in the documentation of DifferentialEquations.jl, and among those we tested, it is the one that works best.
Returns returnifgte if the value inputvalue is greater than the threshold threshold, returniflt otherwise. This function corresponds to the CLIP (also called FIFGE) function in the DYNAMO language.
Returns the value of a function with input x, by linearly interpolating the function itself through the table yvalues and the range xrange. If x is out of the range, the value at the corresponding extremity is returned. This function corresponds to the TABHL function in the DYNAMO language. This latter function receives a table (that is, yvalues), a value (that is, x), a left and a right extreme of an interval (that is, xrange), and an increment value.
Returns 0 if the value inputvalue is smaller than the threshold threshold, returnifgte otherwise. This function corresponds to the STEP function in the DYNAMO language.
Returns returnifzero if the value inputvalue is approximately 0 with tolerance 1e-16, returnifnotzero otherwise. This function corresponds to the SWITCH (also called FIFZE) function in the DYNAMO language.
Plot the values of the variables in the vector variables obtained by the ODE system solution (normally, obtained by using the solve function in solvesystems.jl) in the specified xrange interval. For each variable, the vector variables includes a quadruple, containing the Julia variable, its range, and its symbolic name to be shown in the plot.
Return the ODE system obtained by composing the ODE systems in the vector systems and by making use of the variable equalities in connection_eqs. Normally, each ODE systems in systems corresponds to a subsystem of a system in the World3 model, and the variable equalities specify which variables are shared between the subsystems.
Return the solution of the system ODE system in the timespan interval (for the available different ODE system solvers, see the documentation of DifferentialEquations.jl).
We use the AutoVern9(Rodas5()) solver since it is among the suggested ones in the documentation of DifferentialEquations.jl, and among those we tested, it is the one that works best.
fig_5(; kwargs...)
-Reproduce Fig. W1-7/5-5. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of [World1](https://dome.mit.edu/handle/1721.3/189645).
Reproduce Fig. 4-3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.
Caption: Original model as in Fig 4-1. Natural-resource-usage rate reaches a peak about year 2010 and declines as natural resources, population, and capital investment decline.
Reproduce Fig. 4-4. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.
Caption:Original model as in Fig. 4-1. The rate of capital-investment generation declines after 2010 but does not fall below the rate of capital-investment discard until 2040, at which time the level of capital investment begins to decline.
Reproduce Fig. 4-7. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.
Caption: Dynamics of the pollution sector. A positive-feedback growth in pollution occurs when the pollution-absorption time increases faster than the pollution.
Reproduce Fig. 6-3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.
Caption: Capital generation is reduced 40% in 1970 in addition to changes in Fig. 6-1. Population stabilizes at a lower level; quality of life is increased.
Reproduce Fig 4.72a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-3: sensitivity test of the land yield multiplier from capital table, using the optimistic LYMCT. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.73a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-4: sensitivity test of the land yield multiplier from capital table, using the pessimistic LYMCT. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.74a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-5: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.74b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-5: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.75a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-6: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.75b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-6: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.76a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-7: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and development costs adjusted to maintain historical behavior. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.76b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-7: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and development costs adjusted to maintain historical behavior. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.77a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-8: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 50 percent increase in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.77b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-8: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 50 percent increase in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.78a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-9: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 25 percent decrease in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.78b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-9: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 25 percent decrease in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.82a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-10: sensitivity test with optimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.82b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-10: sensitivity test with optimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.83a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-11: sensitivity test with pessimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.83b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-11: sensitivity test with pessimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.84a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-12: policy run in which the impairment of land fertility from persistent pollutants is completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.84b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-12: policy run in which the impairment of land fertility from persistent pollutants is completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.85a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-13: policy run in which the adverse effects of air pollution on land yield and the impairment of land fertility by persistent pollutants are completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.85b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-13: policy run in which the adverse effects of air pollution on land yield and the impairment of land fertility by persistent pollutants are completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.86a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-14: policy run in which efforts to combat land erosion are initiated in 1975, in addition to the previous policies that eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.86b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-14: policy run in which efforts to combat land erosion are initiated in 1975, in addition to the previous policies that eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.87a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-15: policy run in which the land required for urban and industrial use is reduced to 25 percent of expected requirements, in addition to the previous policies that combat land erosion and eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.87b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-15: policy run in which the land required for urban and industrial use is reduced to 25 percent of expected requirements, in addition to the previous policies that combat land erosion and eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 3.36. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of [DGFW](https://archive.org/details/dynamicsofgrowth0000unse).
+Reproduce Fig. W1-7/5-5. The original figure is presented in the MIT memorandum D-1348 of [World1](https://dome.mit.edu/handle/1721.3/189645).
Reproduce Fig. 4-3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.
Caption: Original model as in Fig 4-1. Natural-resource-usage rate reaches a peak about year 2010 and declines as natural resources, population, and capital investment decline.
Reproduce Fig. 4-4. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.
Caption:Original model as in Fig. 4-1. The rate of capital-investment generation declines after 2010 but does not fall below the rate of capital-investment discard until 2040, at which time the level of capital investment begins to decline.
Reproduce Fig. 4-7. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of WD.
Caption: Dynamics of the pollution sector. A positive-feedback growth in pollution occurs when the pollution-absorption time increases faster than the pollution.
Reproduce Fig. 6-3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of WD.
Caption: Capital generation is reduced 40% in 1970 in addition to changes in Fig. 6-1. Population stabilizes at a lower level; quality of life is increased.
Reproduce Fig 4.72a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-3: sensitivity test of the land yield multiplier from capital table, using the optimistic LYMCT. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.73a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-4: sensitivity test of the land yield multiplier from capital table, using the pessimistic LYMCT. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.74a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-5: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.74b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-5: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.75a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-6: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.75b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-6: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.76a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-7: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and development costs adjusted to maintain historical behavior. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.76b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-7: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and development costs adjusted to maintain historical behavior. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.77a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-8: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 50 percent increase in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.77b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-8: sensitivity test with a 35 percent increase in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 50 percent increase in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.78a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-9: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 25 percent decrease in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.78b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-9: sensitivity test with a 25 percent decrease in the estimate of the value of potentially arable land total and a 25 percent decrease in the upper limit of the land yield multiplier from capital. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.82a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-10: sensitivity test with optimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.82b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-10: sensitivity test with optimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.83a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-11: sensitivity test with pessimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.83b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-11: sensitivity test with pessimistic estimates of the cost of land development, the adverse effects of air pollution on yield, and the extent to which high land yield causes land erosion. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.84a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-12: policy run in which the impairment of land fertility from persistent pollutants is completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.84b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-12: policy run in which the impairment of land fertility from persistent pollutants is completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.85a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-13: policy run in which the adverse effects of air pollution on land yield and the impairment of land fertility by persistent pollutants are completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.85b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-13: policy run in which the adverse effects of air pollution on land yield and the impairment of land fertility by persistent pollutants are completely eliminated in 1975. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.86a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-14: policy run in which efforts to combat land erosion are initiated in 1975, in addition to the previous policies that eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.86b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-14: policy run in which efforts to combat land erosion are initiated in 1975, in addition to the previous policies that eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 4.87a. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-15: policy run in which the land required for urban and industrial use is reduced to 25 percent of expected requirements, in addition to the previous policies that combat land erosion and eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of land yields and food production.
Reproduce Fig 4.87b. The original figure is presented in Chapter 4 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 4-15: policy run in which the land required for urban and industrial use is reduced to 25 percent of expected requirements, in addition to the previous policies that combat land erosion and eliminate the adverse effects of air pollution and persistent pollution. The behavior of arable land.
Reproduce Fig 3.36. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of [DGFW](https://archive.org/details/dynamicsofgrowth0000unse).
-Caption: Driving functions for the standard run of the capital sector.
Reproduce Fig 3.38. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 3-2: behavior of the capital sector when the average lifetime of industrial capital is increased from 14 to 21 years with standard inputs.
Reproduce Fig 3.40. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 3-4: behavior of the capital sector when the industrial capital-output ratio is increased from 3 to 4 years with standard inputs. Note: Scales for IOPC, SOPC, and IO have been changed from their normal values.
Reproduce Fig 3.41. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 3-5: behavior of the capital sector when the fraction of capital allocated to obtaining resources is increased from 0.05 to 0.35 with other inputs at their standard values. Note: Scales for IOPC, SOPC, and IO have been changed from their normal values.
Reproduce Fig 6.35. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 6-8: behavior of the pollution sector when the assimilation half-life is assumed to increase twice as fast with a rising index of persistent pollution.
Reproduce Fig 6.41. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 6-14: behavior of the pollution sector in response to adaptive persistent pollution generation control technologies when the persistent pollution transmission delay is assumed to be 20 years.
Reproduce Fig 6.43. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 6-15: behavior of the pollution sector in response to adaptive persistent pollution generation control technologies when the persistent pollution transmission delay is assumed to be 2 years.
Reproduce Fig 6.46. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 6-18: behavior of the pollution sector when adaptive persistent pollution generation control technologies are combined with material equilibrium in the year 2020.
Reproduce Fig 7.10. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-7: sensitivity of the initial value of nonrenewable resources to a doubling of NRI. To test the sensitivity of the reference run (Figure 7.7) to an error in the estimate of initial nonrenewable resources, NRI is doubled. As a result, industrialization continues for an additional 15 years until growth is again halted by the effects of resource depletion.
Reproduce Fig 7.11. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-8: sensitivity of the initial value of nonrenewable resources to a tenfold increase in NRI. The initial value of nonrenewable resources NRI is increased by a factor of 10, to a value well outside its most likely range. Under this optimistic assumption, the effects of nonrenewable resource depletion are no longer a constraint to growth. Note that there is no dynamic difference in this run between setting resources at 10 times their reference value or assum¬ ing an infinite value of resources. However, population and capital con¬ tinue to grow until constrained by the rising level of pollution.
Reproduce Fig 7.13. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-9: sensitivity of the fraction of industrial output allocated to agriculture. The slope of the fraction of industrial output allocated to agriculture FIOAA relationship is increased, reducing the time needed to redirect industrial output into or out of agricultural investment. This change has very little effect on the overall behavior of the model.
Reproduce Fig 7.14. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-10: sensitivity of the average lifetime of industrial capital. The average lifetime of industrial capital ALIC is increased 50 percent over its value in the reference run (from 14 years to 21 years), causing capital to grow faster than in the reference run. Although the behavior mode of the model is unchanged, the model variables do not pass through their 1970 historical values. This parameter, as well as the other parameters in the capital growth loop, is an important factor in determining the growth rate of capital.
Reproduce Fig 7.15. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-11: sensitivity of the average lifetime of industrial capital and the industrial capital-output ratio. As in the previous run, the average lifetime of industrial capital ALIC is increased from 14 to 21 years. To ensure that the model duplicates historical behavior, the industrial capital-output ratio ICOR is also increased (from 3 to 3.75). The resulting behavior is very similar to that of the reference run. Changes in the elements affecting capital growth, when constrained to produce behavior consistent with historical behavior, do not significantly affect the behavior of the model.
Reproduce Fig 7.16. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-12: improved resource exploration and extraction technologies. The implementation of improved resource exploration and extraction technologies in 1975 is modeled by lowering the capital cost of obtaining resources for industrial production. This policy allows industrial production to continue growing for a few more years than in the reference run, but it is ineffective in avoiding the effects of resource depletion.
Reproduce Fig 7.18. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-13: recycling technologies. The advances in resource exploration and extraction technologies of Run 7-12 are supplemented by an improvement in recycling technologies that reduces per capita resource usage by a factor of eight in 1975. That policy removes the constraining effects of resource depletion and allows population and capital growth to continue until checked by persistent pollution.
Reproduce Fig 3.38. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 3-2: behavior of the capital sector when the average lifetime of industrial capital is increased from 14 to 21 years with standard inputs.
Reproduce Fig 3.40. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 3-4: behavior of the capital sector when the industrial capital-output ratio is increased from 3 to 4 years with standard inputs. Note: Scales for IOPC, SOPC, and IO have been changed from their normal values.
Reproduce Fig 3.41. The original figure is presented in Chapter 3 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 3-5: behavior of the capital sector when the fraction of capital allocated to obtaining resources is increased from 0.05 to 0.35 with other inputs at their standard values. Note: Scales for IOPC, SOPC, and IO have been changed from their normal values.
Reproduce Fig 6.35. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 6-8: behavior of the pollution sector when the assimilation half-life is assumed to increase twice as fast with a rising index of persistent pollution.
Reproduce Fig 6.41. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 6-14: behavior of the pollution sector in response to adaptive persistent pollution generation control technologies when the persistent pollution transmission delay is assumed to be 20 years.
Reproduce Fig 6.43. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 6-15: behavior of the pollution sector in response to adaptive persistent pollution generation control technologies when the persistent pollution transmission delay is assumed to be 2 years.
Reproduce Fig 6.46. The original figure is presented in Chapter 6 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 6-18: behavior of the pollution sector when adaptive persistent pollution generation control technologies are combined with material equilibrium in the year 2020.
Reproduce Fig 7.10. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-7: sensitivity of the initial value of nonrenewable resources to a doubling of NRI. To test the sensitivity of the reference run (Figure 7.7) to an error in the estimate of initial nonrenewable resources, NRI is doubled. As a result, industrialization continues for an additional 15 years until growth is again halted by the effects of resource depletion.
Reproduce Fig 7.11. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-8: sensitivity of the initial value of nonrenewable resources to a tenfold increase in NRI. The initial value of nonrenewable resources NRI is increased by a factor of 10, to a value well outside its most likely range. Under this optimistic assumption, the effects of nonrenewable resource depletion are no longer a constraint to growth. Note that there is no dynamic difference in this run between setting resources at 10 times their reference value or assum¬ ing an infinite value of resources. However, population and capital con¬ tinue to grow until constrained by the rising level of pollution.
Reproduce Fig 7.13. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-9: sensitivity of the fraction of industrial output allocated to agriculture. The slope of the fraction of industrial output allocated to agriculture FIOAA relationship is increased, reducing the time needed to redirect industrial output into or out of agricultural investment. This change has very little effect on the overall behavior of the model.
Reproduce Fig 7.14. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-10: sensitivity of the average lifetime of industrial capital. The average lifetime of industrial capital ALIC is increased 50 percent over its value in the reference run (from 14 years to 21 years), causing capital to grow faster than in the reference run. Although the behavior mode of the model is unchanged, the model variables do not pass through their 1970 historical values. This parameter, as well as the other parameters in the capital growth loop, is an important factor in determining the growth rate of capital.
Reproduce Fig 7.15. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-11: sensitivity of the average lifetime of industrial capital and the industrial capital-output ratio. As in the previous run, the average lifetime of industrial capital ALIC is increased from 14 to 21 years. To ensure that the model duplicates historical behavior, the industrial capital-output ratio ICOR is also increased (from 3 to 3.75). The resulting behavior is very similar to that of the reference run. Changes in the elements affecting capital growth, when constrained to produce behavior consistent with historical behavior, do not significantly affect the behavior of the model.
Reproduce Fig 7.16. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-12: improved resource exploration and extraction technologies. The implementation of improved resource exploration and extraction technologies in 1975 is modeled by lowering the capital cost of obtaining resources for industrial production. This policy allows industrial production to continue growing for a few more years than in the reference run, but it is ineffective in avoiding the effects of resource depletion.
Reproduce Fig 7.18. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-13: recycling technologies. The advances in resource exploration and extraction technologies of Run 7-12 are supplemented by an improvement in recycling technologies that reduces per capita resource usage by a factor of eight in 1975. That policy removes the constraining effects of resource depletion and allows population and capital growth to continue until checked by persistent pollution.
fig_19(; kwargs...)
Reproduce Fig 7.19. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of [DGFW](https://archive.org/details/dynamicsofgrowth0000unse).
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@
food per capita still decline, for the high index of persistent pollution
PPOLX decreases the land fertility. The improvement in air pollution
control technologies has solved only a small part of the pollution problem, for the rise in persistent pollutants ends growth in the other sectors of
-the model.
Reproduce Fig 7.2. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-1: population sector behavior, 1900-1970. Population POP increases over time at an average growth rate of 1.2 percent per year. Both the birth rate CBR and the death rate CDR decrease over the period, the former largely because of a lower desired total fertility DTF, and the latter primarily as a result of increased health services LMHS. Both trends occur as a result of industrialization.
Reproduce Fig 7.20. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-15: resource and pollution technologies. Note: The scale for lOPC has been increased from 1,000 to 2,000 dollars per person-year. The resource arid air pollution control technologies of the previous run are augmented in 1975 by a technological policy that reduces by a factor of 10 the index of persistent pollution PPOLX 'generated by each unit of agricultural and industrial output. The lower level of pollution allows population and industrial output to continue to grow until the amount of available food becomes the constraining factor. The decline in food per capita FPC eventually causes a reduction in both population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC.
Reproduce Fig 7.21. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-16: resource, pollution, and land yield technologies. Note: The scale of IOPC has been increased from 1,000 to 2,000 dollars per person-year. To increase food production, new agricultural technologies are implemented, augmenting the resource and pollution technologies of the previous run; they increase the land yield LY by a factor of 2 in 1975. This policy successfully raises the level of food in the short run, but in the long run the high yields cause increased land erosion, which later decreases the available food. After the year 2050 the higher rate of erosion depresses yields (and thus food per capita FPC) below the values observed in the previous run. As a result, population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC decline earlier than in Run 7-15, which assumed no new land yield technologies.
Reproduce Fig 7.22. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-17: resource, pollution, and agricultural technologies. Note: The scale of IOPC has been increased from 1,000 to 8,000 dollars per person-year. The resource, pollution, and land yield technologies of the previous run are supplemented in 1975 by an improvement in land maintenance technologies. These new technologies ensure that higher land yields do not lead to any significant increase in land erosion. The reduced constraints in the resource, pollution, and agriculture sectors allow population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC to continue to grow until the effects of resource depletion are again evident, as in the reference run. Both population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC decline after the year
Reproduce Fig 7.23. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-18: exponential changes in technology. Here it is assumed that exponentially increasing technologies are able to postpone indefinitely the effects of the constraints to growth, as modeled in World3, at no cost and with no delays in development and implementation. The improved technologies tend to reduce per capita resource usage and pollution generation per unit of agricultural and industrial output at 4 percent per year after 1975. At the same time, land yields tend to increase at 4 percent per year, with no upper limit and with practically no adverse side effects such as land erosion. Although industrialization grows exponentially, the rate of removal of land for urban-industrial use decreases to zero by the year 2000. Finally, air pollution is assumed to have no adverse effects on land yield. Under these assumptions, population reaches 14 billion people in the year 2100 and continues to grow (though at a slow rate of 0.6 percent per year). Food is in abundance throughout the run resource usage declines to zero as fewer resources are needed to sustain output, and industrial output per capita IOPC continues to grow indefinitely.
Reproduce Fig 7.24. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-19: adaptive technological policies—no delays, no costs. Technological advances in reducing per capita resource usage, diminishing pollution, and increasing land yield are assumed to occur in response to a perceived need for the technologies. The maximum rate of change for each technology is assumed to be 5 percent per year. In addition, discrete advances in exploration and extraction technologies, land maintenance technologies, and air pollution technologies are assumed to be implemented in 1975. This run is similar in behavior to Run 7-18, in which technological improvements rise continuously at 4 percent per year. Growth is maintained through the year 2100 because of the absence of significant delays and costs in the development of new technologies.
Reproduce Fig 7.26. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-20: adaptive technological policies—the effects of limitations to technological capabilities. The adaptive technological policies assumed in this run are identical to those in Run 7-19 except that the maximum rate of technological change is assumed to be 2 percent instead of 5 percent per year. Technology is unable to avoid the effects of the constraints to growth because industrial output per capita IOPC and population POP grow faster than the maximum rate of technological change. In this run, resource depletion again halts growth in population and industrial output.
Reproduce Fig 7.27. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-21: adaptive technological policies—the effects of technological development and implementation costs. Here it is assumed that more effective recycling, pollution control, and land yield advances can be obtained only at increasing costs. These higher costs are represented in the model by a rise in the industrial capital-output ratio I COR. A trade-off now occurs between the benefits of continued growth and the costs of the technologies that make further growth possible. The rising costs of the new technologies cause industrial output per capita IOPC to decline after the year 2010.
Reproduce Fig 7.3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-2: capital sector behavior, 1900-1970. Industrial capital IC grows exponentially, causing industrial output IO to grow. Since their growth rate is greater than that of population, industrial output per capita IOPC also grows over the period, as do service output per capita SOPC and food per capita (not graphed). As development proceeds, (1) the fraction of output in agriculture FOA declines, (2) FOA is largely replaced by the increasing fraction of output in industry FOI, and (3) the fraction of output in services FOS remains relatively constant, near 50 percent of total output.
Reproduce Fig 7.30. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-22: adaptive technological policies—the effects of delays and costs of technological development and implementation. Advances in recycling, pollution control, and land yield technologies are again assumed to be obtainable only at a finite cost. In addition, it is assumed that the benefits of these technologies will not be realized until 10 years after their initiation. As in Run 7-21, the rising costs, modeled as a rise in the industrial capital-output ratio ICOR, cause industrial output per capita IOPC to decline. The added costs incurred by the continued implementation of new technologies even after IOPC has peaked force IOPC to fall more precipitously than in Run 7-21.
Reproduce Fig 7.32. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-23: adaptive technological policies—the effects of delays and costs,with a bias for continued growth in industrial output per capita. The previous run assumed that new recycling, pollution control, and land yield technologies are developed in response to a perceived need for them. Because of the time involved in technological development and implementation, however, these new technologies were effective only after a delay. Moreover, their development and implementation required additional capital, which increased the industrial capital-output ratio. In this run, the assumptions of Run 7-22 are augmented with a societal bias toward continued growth in industrial output per capita IOPC. Technological policies are implemented only as long as they do not hamper continued growth in IOPC. This policy is effective in continuing growth in the short run but counterproductive in the long run: the failure to implement the new technologies causes a significant depletion of resources and growth is ultimately terminated.
Reproduce Fig 7.34. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-24: reduction of the desired completed family size. To reduce the pressures of population growth in the reference run, the desired completed family size is reduced to 2 children per family in 1975. Population POP continues to grow gradually for 70 years because of the delays inherent in the age structure. However, the effects of resource depletion again force the population to decline after 2040, as in the reference run. Since population growth is reduced, industrial output per capita IOPC and food per capita FPC rise more rapidly between 1975 and 2020 than in the reference run.
Reproduce Fig 7.35. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-25: increase of industrial and service capital lifetimes. Both the average lifetime of industrial capital ALIC and the lifetime of service capital ALSC are increased 50 percent in 1975, thereby extending the productivity of capital. When implemented without additional policies to reduce the capital investment rate, this policy proves to be counterproductive in the long run. Compared with the reference run, the extension of product lifetimes allows industrial output to grow more rapidly, leading to a quicker depletion of resources. The rise in resource costs forces industrial output per capita IOPC to decline earlier than in the reference run.
Reproduce Fig 7.36. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-26: shift in the choice of output forms. The amount of food and services desired by the population per unit of industrial output is increased by 50 percent in 1975. This shift in the choice of output slows the growth in industrial capital and industrial output, putting less pressure on the resource base. In the long run, however, the continually rising population POP thwarts the effectiveness of this policy, forcing a decline in industrial output per capita IOPC due to resource depletion.
Reproduce Fig 7.37. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-27: population policy and shift of output choices. A combination of social policies that cause a reduction of growth both in population and in industrial capital is simulated in this run. In 1975 the desired completed family size is reduced to 2 children per family and the amount of services and food per unit of industrial output desired by the population is increased by 50 percent. The resulting behavior is substantially more stable than in the reference run, but the overshoot and decline mode is still evident. In World3, even these reduced levels of population and industrial capital cannot be sustained over the long term; new technological policies must be added to offset the effects of the limits to growth.
Reproduce Fig 7.38. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-28: equilibrium through discrete policy changes. To obtain one example of a sustainable state of equilibrium, this run combines discrete policy changes in both technology and social values. To stabilize the population POP, the desired completed family size is reduced to 2 children per family in 1975. The growth in industrial capital is reduced in 1990 by reinvesting only enough industrial output to keep industrial output per capita IOPC at a constant level. In addition, new recycling and pollution control technologies are developed, capital lifetimes are increased, and social choices of output forms are shifted toward a preference for food and services. Population POP stabilizes in 2050 at 5 billion people, industrial output per capita IOPC levels off in 1990 at 350 dollars per person-year, and food per capita FPC stabilizes by the year 2000 at three times the subsistence level. The index of persistent pollution PPOLX is kept at very low levels, and the rate of resource depletion is slow enough to permit technology and industrial processes to adjust to changes in the availability of resources.
Reproduce Fig 7.39. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-29: equilibrium through adaptive policies. Adaptive technological policies that increase resource recycling, reduce persistent pollution generation, and increase land yields are combined with social policies that stabilize population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC. The technological advances in recycling, pollution control , and land yields are assumed to be effective only after a delay and to require capital for their development and implementation. As in the adaptive technological runs described in section 7.5, additional technologies are assumed to be implemented in 1975. These policies lower resource costs, decrease the effects of air pollution, and reduce land erosion. The resulting model behavior reaches equilibrium because the stable population and capital reduce the need for new technologies. Thus the newly implemented technologies are less costly, and the delays in their development and implementation are less critical to their effectiveness.
Reproduce Fig 7.4. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-3: agriculture sector behavior, 1900-1970. Increases in arable land AL and land yields LY cause a rise in food production over the historical period. The increase in land yields is primarily attributable to greater agricultural inputs per hectare AIPH (fertilizers, pesticides), for the land fertility LFERT remains nearly constant. Food per capita FPC also grows during the 70-year period but at a much slower rate than total food F, since the population is also increasing.
Reproduce Fig 7.41. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-30: stabilization policies introduced in the year 2000. The combination of adaptive technological and social policies of the previous run are not introduced until the year 2000. The continuation of growth for an additional 25 years further erodes the carrying capacity of World3; therefore, the policies that led to equilibrium 25 years earlier are no longer effective.
Reproduce Fig 7.5. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-4: nonrenewable resource sector behavior, 1900-1970. The rate of usage of nonrenewable resources NRUR grows exponentially at 4 percent per year over the historical period. This continuous increase is caused by the growth in both population POP and resource usage per capita PCRUM. Per capita resource usage rises as a result of industrial development. The increase in resource usage occurs at no additional increase in unit costs (see FCAOR in graph), in accordance with historical trends. In 1970, over 90 percent of the initial supply of nonrenewable resources remains to be used.
Reproduce Fig 7.6. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-5: persistent pollution sector behavior, 1900-1970. The rate of generation of persistent pollutants PPGR increases exponentially as its two components, persistent pollutants generated from industrial output PPGIO and persistent pollutants generated from agricultural output PPG AO, rise over the 70-year period. After a 20-year delay, the persistent pollutant appearance rate PPAPR also rises, causing the index of persistent pollutants PPOLX to rise and eventually pass through its normalized value of 1.0 in 1970.
Reproduce Fig 7.7. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-6A: World3 reference run. This is the World3 reference run, to be compared with the sensitivity and policy tests that follow. Both population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC grow beyond sustainable levels and subsequently decline. The cause of their decline is traceable to the depletion of nonrenewable resources. Runs 7-6B and 7-6C illustrate the mechanisms that force population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC to decline.
Reproduce Fig 7.8. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-6B: capital sector variables from the reference run. This and the following run depict the mechanisms that forced population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC to decline in the preceding reference run (Figure 7.7). As resources are depleted, a larger fraction of capital must be allocated to obtaining resources FCAOR after the year 2000. FCAOR rises quite steeply because of the high rate of growth of the nonrenewable resource usage rate. The increase in FCAOR reduces the amount of capital allocated to producing industrial output so that both industrial output 10 and industrial output per capita 10PC decrease after the year 2015. The lower industrial output 10 causes a reduction in total agricultural investment TAI and therefore in the amount of agricultural inputs per hectare AIPH allocated to producing food.
Reproduce Fig 7.9. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-6C: agriculture sector variables from the reference run. As the level of agricultural inputs per hectare AIPH decreases after the year 2015 (Run 7-6B), land yield LY begins to fall. The resulting drop in food production causes food per capita FPC to decline after 2015. The lower food per capita FPC in turn reduces the lifetime multiplier from food LMF, which eventually raises the death rate and stops population growth.
Reproduce the first subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 133, in BTL.
Caption: The "Standard Run" from The Limits to Growth The world society proceeds along its historical path as long as possible without major policy change. Population and industry output grow until a combination of environmental and natural resource constraints eliminate the capacity of the capital sector to sustain investment. Industrial capital begins to depreciate faster than the new investment can rebuild it. As it falls, food and health services also fall, decreasing life expectancy and raising the death rate.
Reproduce the second subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 133, in BTL.
Caption: The "Standard Run" from The Limits to Growth The world society proceeds along its historical path as long as possible without major policy change. Population and industry output grow until a combination of environmental and natural resource constraints eliminate the capacity of the capital sector to sustain investment. Industrial capital begins to depreciate faster than the new investment can rebuild it. As it falls, food and health services also fall, decreasing life expectancy and raising the death rate.
Reproduce the first subfigure of Scenario 2 from Chapter 4, page 135, in BTL.
Caption: Doubled Resources Are Added to Scenario 1 If we double the natural resource endowment we assumed in Scenario 1, industry can grow 20 years longer. Population rises to more than 9 billion in 2040. These increased levels generate much more pollution, which reduces land yield and forces much greater investment in agriculture. Eventually declining food raises the population death rate.
Reproduce the second subfigure of Scenario 2 from Chapter 4, page 135, in BTL.
Caption: Doubled Resources Are Added to Scenario 1 If we double the natural resource endowment we assumed in Scenario 1, industry can grow 20 years longer. Population rises to more than 9 billion in 2040. These increased levels generate much more pollution, which reduces land yield and forces much greater investment in agriculture. Eventually declining food raises the population death rate.
Reproduce the first subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 169, in LtG30y.
Caption: Scenario 1: A Reference Point The world society proceeds in a traditional manner without any major deviation from the policies pursued during most of the twentieth century. Population and production increase until growth is halted by increasingly inaccessible nonrenewable resources. Ever more investment is required to maintain resource flows. Finally, lack of investment funds in the other sectors of the economy leads to declining output of both industrial goods and services. As they fall, food and health services are reduced, decreasing life expectancy and raising average death rates.
Reproduce the second subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 169, in LtG30y.
Caption: Scenario 1: A Reference Point The world society proceeds in a traditional manner without any major deviation from the policies pursued during most of the twentieth century. Population and production increase until growth is halted by increasingly inaccessible nonrenewable resources. Ever more investment is required to maintain resource flows. Finally, lack of investment funds in the other sectors of the economy leads to declining output of both industrial goods and services. As they fall, food and health services are reduced, decreasing life expectancy and raising average death rates.
Reproduce the third subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 169, in LtG30y.
Caption: Scenario 1: A Reference Point The world society proceeds in a traditional manner without any major deviation from the policies pursued during most of the twentieth century. Population and production increase until growth is halted by increasingly inaccessible nonrenewable resources. Ever more investment is required to maintain resource flows. Finally, lack of investment funds in the other sectors of the economy leads to declining output of both industrial goods and services. As they fall, food and health services are reduced, decreasing life expectancy and raising average death rates.
Reproduce Fig 7.2. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-1: population sector behavior, 1900-1970. Population POP increases over time at an average growth rate of 1.2 percent per year. Both the birth rate CBR and the death rate CDR decrease over the period, the former largely because of a lower desired total fertility DTF, and the latter primarily as a result of increased health services LMHS. Both trends occur as a result of industrialization.
Reproduce Fig 7.20. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-15: resource and pollution technologies. Note: The scale for lOPC has been increased from 1,000 to 2,000 dollars per person-year. The resource arid air pollution control technologies of the previous run are augmented in 1975 by a technological policy that reduces by a factor of 10 the index of persistent pollution PPOLX 'generated by each unit of agricultural and industrial output. The lower level of pollution allows population and industrial output to continue to grow until the amount of available food becomes the constraining factor. The decline in food per capita FPC eventually causes a reduction in both population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC.
Reproduce Fig 7.21. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-16: resource, pollution, and land yield technologies. Note: The scale of IOPC has been increased from 1,000 to 2,000 dollars per person-year. To increase food production, new agricultural technologies are implemented, augmenting the resource and pollution technologies of the previous run; they increase the land yield LY by a factor of 2 in 1975. This policy successfully raises the level of food in the short run, but in the long run the high yields cause increased land erosion, which later decreases the available food. After the year 2050 the higher rate of erosion depresses yields (and thus food per capita FPC) below the values observed in the previous run. As a result, population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC decline earlier than in Run 7-15, which assumed no new land yield technologies.
Reproduce Fig 7.22. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-17: resource, pollution, and agricultural technologies. Note: The scale of IOPC has been increased from 1,000 to 8,000 dollars per person-year. The resource, pollution, and land yield technologies of the previous run are supplemented in 1975 by an improvement in land maintenance technologies. These new technologies ensure that higher land yields do not lead to any significant increase in land erosion. The reduced constraints in the resource, pollution, and agriculture sectors allow population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC to continue to grow until the effects of resource depletion are again evident, as in the reference run. Both population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC decline after the year
Reproduce Fig 7.23. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-18: exponential changes in technology. Here it is assumed that exponentially increasing technologies are able to postpone indefinitely the effects of the constraints to growth, as modeled in World3, at no cost and with no delays in development and implementation. The improved technologies tend to reduce per capita resource usage and pollution generation per unit of agricultural and industrial output at 4 percent per year after 1975. At the same time, land yields tend to increase at 4 percent per year, with no upper limit and with practically no adverse side effects such as land erosion. Although industrialization grows exponentially, the rate of removal of land for urban-industrial use decreases to zero by the year 2000. Finally, air pollution is assumed to have no adverse effects on land yield. Under these assumptions, population reaches 14 billion people in the year 2100 and continues to grow (though at a slow rate of 0.6 percent per year). Food is in abundance throughout the run resource usage declines to zero as fewer resources are needed to sustain output, and industrial output per capita IOPC continues to grow indefinitely.
Reproduce Fig 7.24. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-19: adaptive technological policies—no delays, no costs. Technological advances in reducing per capita resource usage, diminishing pollution, and increasing land yield are assumed to occur in response to a perceived need for the technologies. The maximum rate of change for each technology is assumed to be 5 percent per year. In addition, discrete advances in exploration and extraction technologies, land maintenance technologies, and air pollution technologies are assumed to be implemented in 1975. This run is similar in behavior to Run 7-18, in which technological improvements rise continuously at 4 percent per year. Growth is maintained through the year 2100 because of the absence of significant delays and costs in the development of new technologies.
Reproduce Fig 7.26. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-20: adaptive technological policies—the effects of limitations to technological capabilities. The adaptive technological policies assumed in this run are identical to those in Run 7-19 except that the maximum rate of technological change is assumed to be 2 percent instead of 5 percent per year. Technology is unable to avoid the effects of the constraints to growth because industrial output per capita IOPC and population POP grow faster than the maximum rate of technological change. In this run, resource depletion again halts growth in population and industrial output.
Reproduce Fig 7.27. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-21: adaptive technological policies—the effects of technological development and implementation costs. Here it is assumed that more effective recycling, pollution control, and land yield advances can be obtained only at increasing costs. These higher costs are represented in the model by a rise in the industrial capital-output ratio I COR. A trade-off now occurs between the benefits of continued growth and the costs of the technologies that make further growth possible. The rising costs of the new technologies cause industrial output per capita IOPC to decline after the year 2010.
Reproduce Fig 7.3. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-2: capital sector behavior, 1900-1970. Industrial capital IC grows exponentially, causing industrial output IO to grow. Since their growth rate is greater than that of population, industrial output per capita IOPC also grows over the period, as do service output per capita SOPC and food per capita (not graphed). As development proceeds, (1) the fraction of output in agriculture FOA declines, (2) FOA is largely replaced by the increasing fraction of output in industry FOI, and (3) the fraction of output in services FOS remains relatively constant, near 50 percent of total output.
Reproduce Fig 7.30. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-22: adaptive technological policies—the effects of delays and costs of technological development and implementation. Advances in recycling, pollution control, and land yield technologies are again assumed to be obtainable only at a finite cost. In addition, it is assumed that the benefits of these technologies will not be realized until 10 years after their initiation. As in Run 7-21, the rising costs, modeled as a rise in the industrial capital-output ratio ICOR, cause industrial output per capita IOPC to decline. The added costs incurred by the continued implementation of new technologies even after IOPC has peaked force IOPC to fall more precipitously than in Run 7-21.
Reproduce Fig 7.32. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-23: adaptive technological policies—the effects of delays and costs,with a bias for continued growth in industrial output per capita. The previous run assumed that new recycling, pollution control, and land yield technologies are developed in response to a perceived need for them. Because of the time involved in technological development and implementation, however, these new technologies were effective only after a delay. Moreover, their development and implementation required additional capital, which increased the industrial capital-output ratio. In this run, the assumptions of Run 7-22 are augmented with a societal bias toward continued growth in industrial output per capita IOPC. Technological policies are implemented only as long as they do not hamper continued growth in IOPC. This policy is effective in continuing growth in the short run but counterproductive in the long run: the failure to implement the new technologies causes a significant depletion of resources and growth is ultimately terminated.
Reproduce Fig 7.34. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-24: reduction of the desired completed family size. To reduce the pressures of population growth in the reference run, the desired completed family size is reduced to 2 children per family in 1975. Population POP continues to grow gradually for 70 years because of the delays inherent in the age structure. However, the effects of resource depletion again force the population to decline after 2040, as in the reference run. Since population growth is reduced, industrial output per capita IOPC and food per capita FPC rise more rapidly between 1975 and 2020 than in the reference run.
Reproduce Fig 7.35. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-25: increase of industrial and service capital lifetimes. Both the average lifetime of industrial capital ALIC and the lifetime of service capital ALSC are increased 50 percent in 1975, thereby extending the productivity of capital. When implemented without additional policies to reduce the capital investment rate, this policy proves to be counterproductive in the long run. Compared with the reference run, the extension of product lifetimes allows industrial output to grow more rapidly, leading to a quicker depletion of resources. The rise in resource costs forces industrial output per capita IOPC to decline earlier than in the reference run.
Reproduce Fig 7.36. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-26: shift in the choice of output forms. The amount of food and services desired by the population per unit of industrial output is increased by 50 percent in 1975. This shift in the choice of output slows the growth in industrial capital and industrial output, putting less pressure on the resource base. In the long run, however, the continually rising population POP thwarts the effectiveness of this policy, forcing a decline in industrial output per capita IOPC due to resource depletion.
Reproduce Fig 7.37. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-27: population policy and shift of output choices. A combination of social policies that cause a reduction of growth both in population and in industrial capital is simulated in this run. In 1975 the desired completed family size is reduced to 2 children per family and the amount of services and food per unit of industrial output desired by the population is increased by 50 percent. The resulting behavior is substantially more stable than in the reference run, but the overshoot and decline mode is still evident. In World3, even these reduced levels of population and industrial capital cannot be sustained over the long term; new technological policies must be added to offset the effects of the limits to growth.
Reproduce Fig 7.38. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-28: equilibrium through discrete policy changes. To obtain one example of a sustainable state of equilibrium, this run combines discrete policy changes in both technology and social values. To stabilize the population POP, the desired completed family size is reduced to 2 children per family in 1975. The growth in industrial capital is reduced in 1990 by reinvesting only enough industrial output to keep industrial output per capita IOPC at a constant level. In addition, new recycling and pollution control technologies are developed, capital lifetimes are increased, and social choices of output forms are shifted toward a preference for food and services. Population POP stabilizes in 2050 at 5 billion people, industrial output per capita IOPC levels off in 1990 at 350 dollars per person-year, and food per capita FPC stabilizes by the year 2000 at three times the subsistence level. The index of persistent pollution PPOLX is kept at very low levels, and the rate of resource depletion is slow enough to permit technology and industrial processes to adjust to changes in the availability of resources.
Reproduce Fig 7.39. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-29: equilibrium through adaptive policies. Adaptive technological policies that increase resource recycling, reduce persistent pollution generation, and increase land yields are combined with social policies that stabilize population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC. The technological advances in recycling, pollution control , and land yields are assumed to be effective only after a delay and to require capital for their development and implementation. As in the adaptive technological runs described in section 7.5, additional technologies are assumed to be implemented in 1975. These policies lower resource costs, decrease the effects of air pollution, and reduce land erosion. The resulting model behavior reaches equilibrium because the stable population and capital reduce the need for new technologies. Thus the newly implemented technologies are less costly, and the delays in their development and implementation are less critical to their effectiveness.
Reproduce Fig 7.4. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-3: agriculture sector behavior, 1900-1970. Increases in arable land AL and land yields LY cause a rise in food production over the historical period. The increase in land yields is primarily attributable to greater agricultural inputs per hectare AIPH (fertilizers, pesticides), for the land fertility LFERT remains nearly constant. Food per capita FPC also grows during the 70-year period but at a much slower rate than total food F, since the population is also increasing.
Reproduce Fig 7.41. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-30: stabilization policies introduced in the year 2000. The combination of adaptive technological and social policies of the previous run are not introduced until the year 2000. The continuation of growth for an additional 25 years further erodes the carrying capacity of World3; therefore, the policies that led to equilibrium 25 years earlier are no longer effective.
Reproduce Fig 7.5. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-4: nonrenewable resource sector behavior, 1900-1970. The rate of usage of nonrenewable resources NRUR grows exponentially at 4 percent per year over the historical period. This continuous increase is caused by the growth in both population POP and resource usage per capita PCRUM. Per capita resource usage rises as a result of industrial development. The increase in resource usage occurs at no additional increase in unit costs (see FCAOR in graph), in accordance with historical trends. In 1970, over 90 percent of the initial supply of nonrenewable resources remains to be used.
Reproduce Fig 7.6. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-5: persistent pollution sector behavior, 1900-1970. The rate of generation of persistent pollutants PPGR increases exponentially as its two components, persistent pollutants generated from industrial output PPGIO and persistent pollutants generated from agricultural output PPG AO, rise over the 70-year period. After a 20-year delay, the persistent pollutant appearance rate PPAPR also rises, causing the index of persistent pollutants PPOLX to rise and eventually pass through its normalized value of 1.0 in 1970.
Reproduce Fig 7.7. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-6A: World3 reference run. This is the World3 reference run, to be compared with the sensitivity and policy tests that follow. Both population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC grow beyond sustainable levels and subsequently decline. The cause of their decline is traceable to the depletion of nonrenewable resources. Runs 7-6B and 7-6C illustrate the mechanisms that force population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC to decline.
Reproduce Fig 7.8. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-6B: capital sector variables from the reference run. This and the following run depict the mechanisms that forced population POP and industrial output per capita IOPC to decline in the preceding reference run (Figure 7.7). As resources are depleted, a larger fraction of capital must be allocated to obtaining resources FCAOR after the year 2000. FCAOR rises quite steeply because of the high rate of growth of the nonrenewable resource usage rate. The increase in FCAOR reduces the amount of capital allocated to producing industrial output so that both industrial output 10 and industrial output per capita 10PC decrease after the year 2015. The lower industrial output 10 causes a reduction in total agricultural investment TAI and therefore in the amount of agricultural inputs per hectare AIPH allocated to producing food.
Reproduce Fig 7.9. The original figure is presented in Chapter 7 of DGFW.
Caption: Run 7-6C: agriculture sector variables from the reference run. As the level of agricultural inputs per hectare AIPH decreases after the year 2015 (Run 7-6B), land yield LY begins to fall. The resulting drop in food production causes food per capita FPC to decline after 2015. The lower food per capita FPC in turn reduces the lifetime multiplier from food LMF, which eventually raises the death rate and stops population growth.
Reproduce the first subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 133, in BTL.
Caption: The "Standard Run" from The Limits to Growth The world society proceeds along its historical path as long as possible without major policy change. Population and industry output grow until a combination of environmental and natural resource constraints eliminate the capacity of the capital sector to sustain investment. Industrial capital begins to depreciate faster than the new investment can rebuild it. As it falls, food and health services also fall, decreasing life expectancy and raising the death rate.
Reproduce the second subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 133, in BTL.
Caption: The "Standard Run" from The Limits to Growth The world society proceeds along its historical path as long as possible without major policy change. Population and industry output grow until a combination of environmental and natural resource constraints eliminate the capacity of the capital sector to sustain investment. Industrial capital begins to depreciate faster than the new investment can rebuild it. As it falls, food and health services also fall, decreasing life expectancy and raising the death rate.
Reproduce the first subfigure of Scenario 2 from Chapter 4, page 135, in BTL.
Caption: Doubled Resources Are Added to Scenario 1 If we double the natural resource endowment we assumed in Scenario 1, industry can grow 20 years longer. Population rises to more than 9 billion in 2040. These increased levels generate much more pollution, which reduces land yield and forces much greater investment in agriculture. Eventually declining food raises the population death rate.
Reproduce the second subfigure of Scenario 2 from Chapter 4, page 135, in BTL.
Caption: Doubled Resources Are Added to Scenario 1 If we double the natural resource endowment we assumed in Scenario 1, industry can grow 20 years longer. Population rises to more than 9 billion in 2040. These increased levels generate much more pollution, which reduces land yield and forces much greater investment in agriculture. Eventually declining food raises the population death rate.
Reproduce the first subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 169, in LtG30y.
Caption: Scenario 1: A Reference Point The world society proceeds in a traditional manner without any major deviation from the policies pursued during most of the twentieth century. Population and production increase until growth is halted by increasingly inaccessible nonrenewable resources. Ever more investment is required to maintain resource flows. Finally, lack of investment funds in the other sectors of the economy leads to declining output of both industrial goods and services. As they fall, food and health services are reduced, decreasing life expectancy and raising average death rates.
Reproduce the second subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 169, in LtG30y.
Caption: Scenario 1: A Reference Point The world society proceeds in a traditional manner without any major deviation from the policies pursued during most of the twentieth century. Population and production increase until growth is halted by increasingly inaccessible nonrenewable resources. Ever more investment is required to maintain resource flows. Finally, lack of investment funds in the other sectors of the economy leads to declining output of both industrial goods and services. As they fall, food and health services are reduced, decreasing life expectancy and raising average death rates.
Reproduce the third subfigure of Scenario 1 from Chapter 4, page 169, in LtG30y.
Caption: Scenario 1: A Reference Point The world society proceeds in a traditional manner without any major deviation from the policies pursued during most of the twentieth century. Population and production increase until growth is halted by increasingly inaccessible nonrenewable resources. Ever more investment is required to maintain resource flows. Finally, lack of investment funds in the other sectors of the economy leads to declining output of both industrial goods and services. As they fall, food and health services are reduced, decreasing life expectancy and raising average death rates.
We assume that we execute the Julia REPL from the directory containing the folder Duggan. We can solve the model and produce the desired figure by simply executing the following two instructions.
using WorldDynamics
-Duggan.NonRenewableStock.fig_3_9()
If everything worked well, the following picture should be shown.
Settings
This document was generated with Documenter.jl version 0.27.25 on Saturday 16 September 2023. Using Julia version 1.6.7.
