title | description | i18nReady | type |
---|---|---|---|
Build HTML forms in Astro pages |
Learn how to build HTML forms and handle submissions in your frontmatter. |
true |
recipe |
import { Steps } from '@astrojs/starlight/components';
In SSR mode, Astro pages can both display and handle forms. In this recipe, you'll use a standard HTML form to submit data to the server. Your frontmatter script will handle the data on the server, sending no JavaScript to the client.
- A project with SSR (
output: 'server'
) enabled
```astro title="src/pages/register.astro"
---
---
<h1>Register</h1>
```
-
Add a
<form>
tag with some inputs to the page. Each input should have aname
attribute that describes the value of that input.Be sure to include a
<button>
or<input type="submit">
element to submit the form.--- --- <h1>Register</h1> <form> <label> Username: <input type="text" name="username" /> </label> <label> Email: <input type="email" name="email" /> </label> <label> Password: <input type="password" name="password" /> </label> <button>Submit</button> </form>
-
Use validation attributes to provide basic client-side validation that works even if JavaScript is disabled.
In this example,
required
prevents form submission until the field is filled.minlength
sets a minimum required length for the input text.type="email"
also introduces validation that will only accept a valid email format.
--- --- <h1>Register</h1> <form> <label> Username: <input type="text" name="username" required /> </label> <label> Email: <input type="email" name="email" required /> </label> <label> Password: <input type="password" name="password" required minlength="6" /> </label> <button>Submit</button> </form>
:::tip You can add custom validation logic that refers to multiple fields using a
<script>
tag and the Constraint Validation API.To write complex validation logic more easily, you can build your form using a frontend framework and choose a form library like React Hook Form or Felte. :::
-
The form submission will cause the browser to request the page again. Change the form's data transfer
method
toPOST
to send the form data as part of theRequest
body, rather than as URL parameters.--- --- <h1>Register</h1> <form method="POST"> <label> Username: <input type="text" name="username" required /> </label> <label> Email: <input type="email" name="email" required /> </label> <label> Password: <input type="password" name="password" required minlength="6" /> </label> <button>Submit</button> </form>
-
Check for the
POST
method in the frontmatter and access the form data usingAstro.request.formData()
. Wrap this in atry ... catch
block to handle cases when thePOST
request wasn't sent by a form and theformData
is invalid.--- if (Astro.request.method === "POST") { try { const data = await Astro.request.formData(); const name = data.get("username"); const email = data.get("email"); const password = data.get("password"); // Do something with the data } catch (error) { if (error instanceof Error) { console.error(error.message); } } } --- <h1>Register</h1> <form method="POST"> <label> Username: <input type="text" name="username" required /> </label> <label> Email: <input type="email" name="email" required /> </label> <label> Password: <input type="password" name="password" required minlength="6" /> </label> <button>Submit</button> </form>
-
Validate the form data on the server. This should include the same validation done on the client to prevent malicious submissions to your endpoint and to support the rare legacy browser that doesn't have form validation.
It can also include validation that can't be done on the client. For example, this example checks if the email is already in the database.
Error messages can be sent back to the client by storing them in an
errors
object and accessing it in the template.--- import { isRegistered, registerUser } from "../../data/users" import { isValidEmail } from "../../utils/isValidEmail"; const errors = { username: "", email: "", password: "" }; if (Astro.request.method === "POST") { try { const data = await Astro.request.formData(); const name = data.get("username"); const email = data.get("email"); const password = data.get("password"); if (typeof name !== "string" || name.length < 1) { errors.username += "Please enter a username. "; } if (typeof email !== "string" || !isValidEmail(email)) { errors.email += "Email is not valid. "; } else if (await isRegistered(email)) { errors.email += "Email is already registered. "; } if (typeof password !== "string" || password.length < 6) { errors.password += "Password must be at least 6 characters. "; } const hasErrors = Object.values(errors).some(msg => msg) if (!hasErrors) { await registerUser({name, email, password}); return Astro.redirect("/login"); } } catch (error) { if (error instanceof Error) { console.error(error.message); } } } --- <h1>Register</h1> <form method="POST"> <label> Username: <input type="text" name="username" /> </label> {errors.username && <p>{errors.username}</p>} <label> Email: <input type="email" name="email" required /> </label> {errors.email && <p>{errors.email}</p>} <label> Password: <input type="password" name="password" required minlength="6" /> </label> {errors.password && <p>{errors.password}</p>} <button>Register</button> </form>