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CONTRIBUTING.md

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Guidelines for contributing

Table of Contents

Summary

Contributors

PRs welcome!

  • Consider starting a discussion to see if there's interest in what you want to do.
  • Submit PRs from feature branches on forks.
  • Ensure PRs pass all CI checks.
  • Maintain or increase test coverage.

Maintainers

  • Make develop the default branch.
  • Merge PRs into develop. Configure repository settings so that branches are deleted automatically after PRs are merged.
  • Only merge to main if fast-forwarding from develop.
  • Enable branch protection on develop and main.
  • Set up a release workflow. Here's an example release workflow, controlled by Git tags:
    • Bump the version number in pyproject.toml with poetry version and commit the changes to develop.
    • Push to develop and verify all CI checks pass.
    • Fast-forward merge to main, push, and verify all CI checks pass.
    • Create an annotated and signed Git tag
      • Follow SemVer guidelines when choosing a version number.
      • List PRs and commits in the tag message: 
        git log --pretty=format:"- %s (%h)" "$(git describe --abbrev=0 --tags)"..HEAD
      • Omit the leading v (use 1.0.0 instead of v1.0.0)
      • Example: git tag -a -s 1.0.0
    • Push the tag. GitHub Actions will build and push the Python package and Docker images.

Git

Python

Python code style

  • Python code is formatted with Black. Configuration for Black is stored in pyproject.toml.

  • Python imports are organized automatically with isort.

    • The isort package organizes imports in three sections:
      1. Standard library
      2. Dependencies
      3. Project
    • Within each of those groups, import statements occur first, then from statements, in alphabetical order.
    • You can run isort from the command line with poetry run isort ..
    • Configuration for isort is stored in pyproject.toml.

  • Other web code (JSON, Markdown, YAML) is formatted with Prettier.

  • Code style is enforced with pre-commit, which runs Git hooks.

    • Configuration is stored in .pre-commit-config.yaml.

    • Pre-commit can run locally before each commit (hence "pre-commit"), or on different Git events like pre-push.

    • Pre-commit is installed in the Poetry environment. To use:

      # after running `poetry install`
path/to/repo
❯ poetry shell

# install hooks that run before each commit
path/to/repo
.venv ❯ pre-commit install

# and/or install hooks that run before each push
path/to/repo
.venv ❯ pre-commit install --hook-type pre-push

    • Pre-commit is also useful as a CI tool. The GitHub Actions workflows run pre-commit hooks with GitHub Actions.

Poetry

This project uses Poetry for dependency management.

Highlights

  • Automatic virtual environment management: Poetry automatically manages the virtualenv for the application.
  • Automatic dependency management: rather than having to run pip freeze > requirements.txt, Poetry automatically manages the dependency file (called pyproject.toml), and enables SemVer-level control over dependencies like npm. Poetry also manages a lockfile (called poetry.lock), which is similar to package-lock.json for npm. Poetry uses this lockfile to automatically track specific versions and hashes for every dependency.
  • Dependency resolution: Poetry will automatically resolve any dependency version conflicts. pip did not have dependency resolution until the end of 2020.
  • Dependency separation: Poetry can maintain separate lists of dependencies for development and production in the pyproject.toml. Production installs can skip development dependencies to speed up Docker builds.
  • Builds: Poetry has features for easily building the project into a Python package.

Installation

The recommended installation method is through the Poetry custom installer, which vendorizes dependencies into an isolated environment, and allows you to update Poetry with poetry self update.

You can also install Poetry however you prefer to install your user Python packages (pipx install poetry, pip install --user poetry, etc). Use the standard update methods with these tools (pipx upgrade poetry, pip install --user --upgrade poetry, etc).

Key commands

# Basic usage: https://python-poetry.org/docs/basic-usage/
poetry install  # create virtual environment and install dependencies
poetry show --tree  # list installed packages
poetry add PACKAGE@VERSION # add a package to production dependencies, like pip install
poetry add PACKAGE@VERSION --dev # add a package to development dependencies
poetry update  # update dependencies (not available with standard tools)
poetry version  # list or update version of this package
poetry shell  # activate the virtual environment, like source venv/bin/activate
poetry run COMMAND  # run a command within the virtual environment
poetry env info  # manage environments: https://python-poetry.org/docs/managing-environments/
poetry config virtualenvs.in-project true  # configure Poetry to install virtualenvs into .venv
poetry export -f requirements.txt > requirements.txt --dev  # export dependencies

Docker

  • Docker is a technology for running lightweight virtual machines called containers.

    • An image is the executable set of files read by Docker.
    • A container is a running image.
    • The Dockerfile tells Docker how to build the container.

  • To get started with Docker:

  • Expand this details element for more useful Docker commands. 
    # Log in with Docker Hub credentials to pull images
docker login
# List images
docker images
# List running containers: can also use `docker container ls`
docker ps
# View logs for the most recently started container
docker logs -f $(docker ps -q -n 1)
# View logs for all running containers
docker logs -f $(docker ps -aq)
# Inspect a container (web in this example) and return the IP Address
docker inspect web | grep IPAddress
# Stop a container
docker stop # container hash
# Stop all running containers
docker stop $(docker ps -aq)
# Remove a downloaded image
docker image rm # image hash or name
# Remove a container
docker container rm # container hash
# Prune images
docker image prune
# Prune stopped containers (completely wipes them and resets their state)
docker container prune
# Prune everything
docker system prune
# Open a shell in the most recently started container (like SSH)
docker exec -it $(docker ps -q -n 1) /bin/bash
# Or, connect as root:
docker exec -u 0 -it $(docker ps -q -n 1) /bin/bash
# Copy file to/from container:
docker cp [container_name]:/path/to/file destination.file