From 7e336260601d51af563d8cc6a6dc5119763770c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Anupam Snigdha <snianu@microsoft.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Jun 2022 10:05:53 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] [Clipboard API] Clipboard Web Custom Formats implementation.

This patch addresses the changes proposed by the EditingWG[1] and
agreed upon by all browser vendors. We are removing the `unsanitized`
option, and instead, adding custom format support for MIME types that
have "web " prefix in them.
Added few wpt tests to test these changes.
Below is a summary of the changes in this CL:
1. Removed `unsanitized` option from read/write methods.
2. If the custom format doesn't have a "web " prefix, then clipboard
   read/write fails.
3. Transient user activation is applicable to all supported formats -
   text/html, text/plain, image/png and web custom formats.
4. There are two "buckets" of clipboard formats. One for the
   well-known formats and the other for the web custom format. If the
   author doesn't specify the web format explicitly, then they don't
   get access to it. This means, we won't write web custom formats
   for well-known types implicitly if authors have not indicated that
   during the write call via a "web " prefix (e.g. "web text/html").
   Same  applies for reading web custom formats for well-known types-
   if there aren't any formats in the web custom format map, then we
   won't return any web custom formats i.e. text/html won't be
   automatically converted into "web text/html".

Spec: https://github.com/w3c/clipboard-apis/pull/175
Explainer: https://github.com/w3c/editing/blob/gh-pages/docs/clipboard-pickling/explainer.md
i2p: https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/blink-dev/c/Lo7WBM_v_LY/m/LncCKkXeAwAJ
i2s: https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/blink-dev/c/k2rgX-4Cigc/m/P0RijrpzBAAJ?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer&pli=1

1. Github issue: https://github.com/w3c/clipboard-apis/issues/165

Bug: 106449

Change-Id: I86aae6a662089efeede2a01ac87cb698e9646df5
---
 ...om-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html | 35 +++++++++++--------
 .../async-html-script-removal.https.html      |  6 +++-
 ...or-clipboard-read-resource-load.https.html |  4 +++
 ...vigator-clipboard-read-sanitize.https.html |  4 +++
 ...-promise-write-blobs-read-blobs.https.html |  5 ++-
 .../async-svg-script-removal.https.html       |  4 +++
 ...ml-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html | 24 ++++++++-----
 ...xt-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html | 25 +++++++------
 .../async-write-blobs-read-blobs.https.html   |  4 +++
 .../async-write-html-read-html.https.html     |  4 +++
 .../async-write-image-read-image.https.html   |  6 ++++
 .../async-write-svg-read-svg.https.html       |  4 +++
 .../write-read-on-detached-iframe.https.html  |  2 ++
 ...ext-readText-on-detached-iframe.https.html |  2 ++
 ...bute-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html |  7 ++--
 ...-policy-attribute-tentative.https.sub.html |  7 ++--
 ...licy-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html |  7 ++--
 ...by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html |  8 +++--
 ...by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html | 14 +++++---
 ...bute-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html |  7 ++--
 ...-policy-attribute-tentative.https.sub.html |  7 ++--
 ...licy-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html |  7 ++--
 ...by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html |  8 +++--
 ...by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html | 10 +++---
 .../permissions/readText-denied.https.html    |  3 ++
 .../permissions/readText-granted.https.html   |  3 ++
 .../permissions/writeText-denied.https.html   |  3 ++
 .../permissions/writeText-granted.https.html  |  3 ++
 .../async-write-read.https.html               |  4 +++
 .../async-write-readText.https.html           |  4 +++
 .../async-writeText-read.https.html           |  4 +++
 .../async-writeText-readText.https.html       |  4 +++
 32 files changed, 171 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clipboard-apis/async-custom-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html b/clipboard-apis/async-custom-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html
index b6c368f75bc2f29..c91ce0e5c246b06 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/async-custom-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/async-custom-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html
@@ -14,26 +14,19 @@
 promise_test(async t => {
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-read'}, 'granted');
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-write'}, 'granted');
-  const format1 = 'application/x-custom-format-clipboard-test-format-1';
-  const format2 = 'application/x-custom-format-clipboard-test-format-2';
+  const format1 = 'web application/x-custom-format-clipboard-test-format-1';
+  const format2 = 'web application/x-custom-format-clipboard-test-format-2';
   const blobInput1 = new Blob(['input data 1'], {type: format1});
   const blobInput2 = new Blob(['input data 2'], {type: format2});
   const clipboardItemInput = new ClipboardItem(
-      {[format1]: blobInput1, [format2]: blobInput2},
-      {unsanitized: [format1, format2]});
+      {[format1]: blobInput1, [format2]: blobInput2});
   await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItemInput]);
 
-  // Items may not be readable on the sanitized clipboard after custom format
-  // write.
-  await promise_rejects_dom(t, 'DataError',
-      navigator.clipboard.read());
-
   // Items should be readable on a custom format clipboard after custom format
   // write.
   await waitForUserActivation();
-  const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read(
-    {unsanitized: [format1, format2]});
+  const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read();
   assert_equals(clipboardItems.length, 1);
   const clipboardItem = clipboardItems[0];
   assert_true(clipboardItem instanceof ClipboardItem);
@@ -58,15 +51,29 @@
   const customFormatArray = [];
   const customFormatMap = {};
   for (let i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
-    customFormatArray.push("CustomFormat" + i);
+    customFormatArray.push("web text/CustomFormat" + i);
     const blobInput = new Blob(['input data'], {type: customFormatArray[i]});
     customFormatMap[customFormatArray[i]] = blobInput;
   }
-  const clipboardItemInput = new ClipboardItem(customFormatMap,
-      {unsanitized: customFormatArray});
+  const clipboardItemInput = new ClipboardItem(customFormatMap);
   await waitForUserActivation();
   await promise_rejects_dom(t, 'NotAllowedError',
       navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItemInput]));
 }, 'navigator.clipboard.write() fails for more than 100 custom formats');
 
+promise_test(async t => {
+  await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-read'}, 'granted');
+  await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-write'}, 'granted');
+
+  const format1 = 'application/x-custom-format-clipboard-test-format-1';
+  const format2 = 'application/x-custom-format-clipboard-test-format-2';
+  const blobInput1 = new Blob(['input data 1'], {type: format1});
+  const blobInput2 = new Blob(['input data 2'], {type: format2});
+  const clipboardItemInput = new ClipboardItem(
+      {[format1]: blobInput1, [format2]: blobInput2});
+  await waitForUserActivation();
+  await promise_rejects_dom(t, 'NotAllowedError',
+      navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItemInput]));
+}, 'navigator.clipboard.write() fails for custom formats without web prefix');
+
 </script>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/async-html-script-removal.https.html b/clipboard-apis/async-html-script-removal.https.html
index 90dc44c9db20e31..44c11add855137e 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/async-html-script-removal.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/async-html-script-removal.https.html
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
   Async Clipboard write ([text/html ClipboardItem]) -> readHtml (and remove scripts) tests
 </title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 // This function removes extra spaces between tags in html. For example, the
@@ -36,8 +38,10 @@
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-write'}, 'granted');
   const blobInput = new Blob([html_with_script], {type: 'text/html'});
   const clipboardItem = new ClipboardItem({'text/html': blobInput});
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItem]);
-  const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read({type: 'text/html'});
+  await waitForUserActivation();
+  const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read();
 
   const html = clipboardItems[0];
   assert_equals(html.types.length, 1);
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/async-navigator-clipboard-read-resource-load.https.html b/clipboard-apis/async-navigator-clipboard-read-resource-load.https.html
index 5f74be1a8228273..d1e3019e7f93996 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/async-navigator-clipboard-read-resource-load.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/async-navigator-clipboard-read-resource-load.https.html
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()
 <p><button id="button">Put payload in the clipboard</button></p>
 <div id="output"></div>
 
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-read'}, 'granted');
   await test_driver.click(button);
 
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   const items = await navigator.clipboard.read();
   const htmlBlob = await items[0].getType("text/html");
   const html = await htmlBlob.text();
@@ -38,3 +41,4 @@
   assert_false(loadObserved, 'Should not observe resource loading');
 });
 </script>
+</body>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/async-navigator-clipboard-read-sanitize.https.html b/clipboard-apis/async-navigator-clipboard-read-sanitize.https.html
index 9e0ab2ee740f85e..cc1836753478b79 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/async-navigator-clipboard-read-sanitize.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/async-navigator-clipboard-read-sanitize.https.html
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()
 <p><button id="button">Put payload in the clipboard</button></p>
 <div id="output"></div>
 
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-read'}, 'granted');
   await test_driver.click(button);
 
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   const items = await navigator.clipboard.read();
   const htmlBlob = await items[0].getType("text/html");
   const html = await htmlBlob.text();
@@ -42,3 +45,4 @@
   assert_false(testFailed);
 });
 </script>
+</body>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/async-promise-write-blobs-read-blobs.https.html b/clipboard-apis/async-promise-write-blobs-read-blobs.https.html
index e4b93c7c5ffb7c0..12184c92e0777f5 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/async-promise-write-blobs-read-blobs.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/async-promise-write-blobs-read-blobs.https.html
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
   Async Clipboard write blobs -> read blobs with promise tests
 </title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 
 <script>
 async function loadBlob(fileName) {
@@ -26,8 +28,9 @@
 
   const clipboardItemInput = new ClipboardItem(
         {'text/plain' : blobText, 'image/png' : promise1});
-
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItemInput]);
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read();
 
   assert_equals(clipboardItems.length, 1);
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/async-svg-script-removal.https.html b/clipboard-apis/async-svg-script-removal.https.html
index cd1a551d9d12852..292d100b2fc7d22 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/async-svg-script-removal.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/async-svg-script-removal.https.html
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
   Async Clipboard write ([image/svg+xml ClipboardItem]) -> readSvg (and remove scripts) tests
 </title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 // This function removes extra spaces between tags in svg. For example, the
@@ -36,7 +38,9 @@
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-write'}, 'granted');
   const blobInput = new Blob([svg_with_script], {type: 'image/svg+xml'});
   const clipboardItem = new ClipboardItem({'image/svg+xml': blobInput});
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItem]);
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   const clipboardItems =
       await navigator.clipboard.read({type: 'image/svg+xml'});
 
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/async-unsanitized-html-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html b/clipboard-apis/async-unsanitized-html-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html
index 887ba8a484fd97c..ffe6a31c2a7a938 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/async-unsanitized-html-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/async-unsanitized-html-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html
@@ -32,20 +32,18 @@
 
   // Create and write unsanitized version of standard HTML and custom formats.
   const format1 = 'text/html';
-  const format2 = 'application/x-custom-format-clipboard-test-format-2';
+  const format2 = 'web text/html';
   const textInput = '<style>p {color:blue}</style><p>Hello World</p>';
-  const blobInput1 = new Blob([textInput], {type: 'text/html'});
-  const blobInput2 = new Blob(['input data 2'], {type: format2});
+  const blobInput1 = new Blob([textInput], {type: format1});
+  const blobInput2 = new Blob([textInput], {type: format2});
   const clipboardItemInput = new ClipboardItem(
-      {[format1]: blobInput1, [format2]: blobInput2},
-      {unsanitized: [format1, format2]});
+      {[format1]: blobInput1, [format2]: blobInput2});
   await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItemInput]);
 
   // Read unsanitized version of HTML format.
   await waitForUserActivation();
-  const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read(
-    {unsanitized: [format1, format2]});
+  const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read();
 
   assert_equals(clipboardItems.length, 1);
   const clipboardItem = clipboardItems[0];
@@ -55,12 +53,20 @@
   assert_equals(blobOutput1.type, format1);
   const data1 = await (new Response(blobOutput1)).text();
   const outputHtml = reformatHtml(data1);
-  const inputHtml = reformatHtml(textInput);
+  const expectedHtml = '<p style="color: blue; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; ' +
+                       'font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; ' +
+                       'font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; ' +
+                       'text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; '+
+                       'white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; ' +
+                       '-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; ' +
+                       'text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">' +
+                       'Hello World</p>';
+  const inputHtml = reformatHtml(expectedHtml);
   assert_equals(outputHtml, inputHtml);
 
   const blobOutput2 = await clipboardItem.getType(format2);
   assert_equals(blobOutput2.type, format2);
   const data2 = await (new Response(blobOutput2)).text();
-  assert_equals(data2, 'input data 2');
+  assert_equals(data2, textInput);
 }, 'Verify write and read unsanitized content to the clipboard given text/html format as input');
 </script>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/async-unsanitized-plaintext-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html b/clipboard-apis/async-unsanitized-plaintext-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html
index f44ed22618e2fd0..1c5638ca0a5faf8 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/async-unsanitized-plaintext-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/async-unsanitized-plaintext-formats-write-read.tentative.https.html
@@ -18,32 +18,35 @@
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-write'}, 'granted');
 
   const dataToWrite = 'Test text.';
-  const format = 'text/plain';
+  const format1 = 'web text/plain';
+  const format2 = 'text/plain';
 
-  const blobInput = new Blob([dataToWrite], {type: format});
+  const blobInput1 = new Blob([dataToWrite], {type: format1});
+  const blobInput2 = new Blob([dataToWrite], {type: format2});
   // Blob types are automatically converted to lower-case.
-  assert_equals(blobInput.type, format.toLowerCase());
+  assert_equals(blobInput1.type, format1.toLowerCase());
+  assert_equals(blobInput2.type, format2.toLowerCase());
   const clipboardItemInput = new ClipboardItem(
-      {[format]: blobInput}, {unsanitized: [format]});
+      {[format1]: blobInput1, [format2]: blobInput2});
   await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItemInput]);
 
   // Items should be readable on a system clipboard after custom format write.
   await waitForUserActivation();
-  const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read(
-    {unsanitized: [format]});
+  const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read();
   assert_equals(clipboardItems.length, 1);
   const clipboardItem = clipboardItems[0];
   assert_true(clipboardItem instanceof ClipboardItem);
 
-  const blobOutput = await clipboardItem.getType(format);
-  assert_equals(blobOutput.type, format);
-  const data = await (new Response(blobOutput)).text();
-  assert_equals(data, dataToWrite);
+  const blobOutput1 = await clipboardItem.getType(format1);
+  assert_equals(blobOutput1.type, format1);
+  const data1 = await (new Response(blobOutput1)).text();
+  assert_equals(data1, dataToWrite);
 
   // These examples use native text formats, so these formats should be
   // accessible as text.
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   const textOutput = await navigator.clipboard.readText();
   assert_equals(textOutput, dataToWrite);
-}, 'Verify write and read unsanitized content to the clipboard given standard format as input');
+}, 'Verify write and read unsanitized content to the clipboard given standard and custom formats as input');
 </script>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/async-write-blobs-read-blobs.https.html b/clipboard-apis/async-write-blobs-read-blobs.https.html
index 50d23a9c3625d52..8bec558b2b2de8a 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/async-write-blobs-read-blobs.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/async-write-blobs-read-blobs.https.html
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
   Async Clipboard write blobs -> read blobs tests
 </title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 
 <script>
 async function loadBlob(fileName) {
@@ -28,7 +30,9 @@
   const clipboardItemInput = new ClipboardItem(
         {'text/plain' : blobText, 'image/png' : blobImage});
 
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItemInput]);
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read();
 
   assert_equals(clipboardItems.length, 1);
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/async-write-html-read-html.https.html b/clipboard-apis/async-write-html-read-html.https.html
index 7c271b9bd78d1b6..ec1817c027bbc19 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/async-write-html-read-html.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/async-write-html-read-html.https.html
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
   Async Clipboard write ([text/html ClipboardItem]) -> readHtml tests
 </title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 // This function removes extra spaces between tags in html. For example, the
@@ -28,7 +30,9 @@
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-write'}, 'granted');
   const blobInput = new Blob([textInput], {type: 'text/html'});
   const clipboardItem = new ClipboardItem({'text/html': blobInput});
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItem]);
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read({type: 'text/html'});
 
   const html = clipboardItems[0];
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/async-write-image-read-image.https.html b/clipboard-apis/async-write-image-read-image.https.html
index 281358dfc5f8d68..e10b69d824c2039 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/async-write-image-read-image.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/async-write-image-read-image.https.html
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="resources/user-activation.js"></script>
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()
 <p>
   <p>The bottom image should display the same image as the top image.</p>
   <p>Original Image:</p>
@@ -47,7 +49,9 @@
 
   assert_equals(blobInput.type, 'image/png');
   const clipboardItemInput = new ClipboardItem({'image/png' : blobInput});
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItemInput]);
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read();
 
   assert_equals(clipboardItems.length, 1);
@@ -73,7 +77,9 @@
   const invalidPngBlob = new Blob(['this text is not a valid png image'],
       {type: 'image/png'});
   const clipboardItemInput = new ClipboardItem({'image/png' : invalidPngBlob});
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await promise_rejects_dom(t, 'DataError',
       navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItemInput]));
 }, 'Verify write error on malformed data [image/png ClipboardItem]');
 </script>
+</body>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/async-write-svg-read-svg.https.html b/clipboard-apis/async-write-svg-read-svg.https.html
index 19c91597c111ee2..42f6c547b297994 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/async-write-svg-read-svg.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/async-write-svg-read-svg.https.html
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
   Async Clipboard write ([image/svg+xml ClipboardItem]) -> read and write svg tests
 </title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 // This function removes extra spaces between tags in svg. For example, the
@@ -28,7 +30,9 @@
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-write'}, 'granted');
   const blobInput = new Blob([textInput], {type: 'image/svg+xml'});
   const clipboardItem = new ClipboardItem({'image/svg+xml': blobInput});
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItem]);
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   const clipboardItems =
       await navigator.clipboard.read({type: 'image/svg+xml'});
 
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/detached-iframe/write-read-on-detached-iframe.https.html b/clipboard-apis/detached-iframe/write-read-on-detached-iframe.https.html
index c0f11772929eed6..b21e6b20bc0d994 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/detached-iframe/write-read-on-detached-iframe.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/detached-iframe/write-read-on-detached-iframe.https.html
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <iframe id="iframe"></iframe>
 <script>
 'use strict';
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@
   const iframeClipboard = iframe.contentWindow.navigator.clipboard;
   const blobInput = new Blob(['test string'], {type: 'text/plain'});
   const clipboardItemInput = new ClipboardItem({'text/plain': blobInput});
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   // Clipboard API must only be available in focused documents.
   // reference: https://www.w3.org/TR/clipboard-apis/#privacy-async
   iframe.focus();
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/detached-iframe/writeText-readText-on-detached-iframe.https.html b/clipboard-apis/detached-iframe/writeText-readText-on-detached-iframe.https.html
index 9cd8900aab0f9ee..24fa586fc7709b7 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/detached-iframe/writeText-readText-on-detached-iframe.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/detached-iframe/writeText-readText-on-detached-iframe.https.html
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <iframe id="iframe"></iframe>
 <script>
 'use strict';
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-write'}, 'granted');
 
   const iframe = document.getElementById('iframe');
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   // Clipboard API must only be available in focused documents.
   // reference: https://www.w3.org/TR/clipboard-apis/#privacy-async
   iframe.focus();
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html
index 3b1cfd52ad7c9f4..367d033d0f6afa1 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<body>
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
 <script src="/feature-policy/resources/featurepolicy.js"></script>
+<script src="../../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
@@ -17,7 +18,8 @@
 // In Chrome and Firefox, Cross-origin focus requires user gesture. In Chrome
 // only, cross-origin focus is asynchronous. Implement WPT support for
 // cross-origin focus.
-async_test(t => {
+promise_test(async t => {
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   test_feature_availability(
     'navigator.clipboard.readText()',
     t,
@@ -27,4 +29,3 @@
   );
 }, 'Feature policy "clipboard-read" can be enabled in cross-origin iframe using allow="clipboard-read" attribute');
 </script>
-</body>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-tentative.https.sub.html b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-tentative.https.sub.html
index 15d268426163727..e812854b4c75053 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-tentative.https.sub.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-tentative.https.sub.html
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<body>
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
 <script src="/feature-policy/resources/featurepolicy.js"></script>
+<script src="../../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
 const same_origin_src =
   '/feature-policy/resources/feature-policy-clipboard-read.html';
 
-async_test(t => {
+promise_test(async t => {
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   test_feature_availability(
     'navigator.clipboard.readText()',
     t,
@@ -21,4 +23,3 @@
   );
 }, 'Feature policy "clipboard-read" can be enabled in same-origin iframe using allow="clipboard-read" attribute');
 </script>
-</body>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html
index 1b6f4929a19deaf..c371ea3b41cb2e6 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<body>
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
 <script src="/feature-policy/resources/featurepolicy.js"></script>
+<script src="../../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
@@ -17,7 +18,8 @@
 // In Chrome and Firefox, Cross-origin focus requires user gesture. In Chrome
 // only, cross-origin focus is asynchronous. Implement WPT support for
 // cross-origin focus.
-async_test(t => {
+promise_test(async t => {
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   test_feature_availability(
     'navigator.clipboard.readText()',
     t,
@@ -26,4 +28,3 @@
   );
 }, 'Feature-Policy header clipboard-read "*" allows cross-origin iframes.');
 </script>
-</body>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html
index f8c5bcb129f9324..552183cc67d461a 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<body>
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
 <script src="/feature-policy/resources/featurepolicy.js"></script>
+<script src="../../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
@@ -15,10 +16,12 @@
 
 promise_test(async t => {
   await test_driver.set_permission({ name: 'clipboard-read' }, 'granted');
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.readText('test text');
 }, 'Feature-Policy header clipboard-read "*" allows the top-level document.');
 
-async_test(t => {
+promise_test(async t => {
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   test_feature_availability(
     'navigator.clipboard.readText()',
     t,
@@ -27,4 +30,3 @@
   );
 }, 'Feature-Policy header clipboard-read "*" allows same-origin iframes.');
 </script>
-</body>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-on-self-origin-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-on-self-origin-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html
index 47aa6511ec599be..17dc3628a772204 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-on-self-origin-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-read/clipboard-read-enabled-on-self-origin-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<body>
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
 <script src="/feature-policy/resources/featurepolicy.js"></script>
+<script src="../../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
@@ -15,10 +16,12 @@
 
 promise_test(async t => {
   await test_driver.set_permission({ name: 'clipboard-read' }, 'granted');
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.readText('test text');
 }, 'Feature-Policy header clipboard-read "self" allows the top-level document.');
 
-async_test(t => {
+promise_test(async t => {
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   test_feature_availability(
     'navigator.clipboard.readText()',
     t,
@@ -27,7 +30,11 @@
   );
 }, 'Feature-Policy header clipboard-read "self" allows same-origin iframes.');
 
-async_test(t => {
+// TODO(https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/5493, https://crbug.com/1074482):
+// In Chrome and Firefox, Cross-origin focus requires user gesture. In Chrome
+// only, cross-origin focus is asynchronous. Implement WPT support for
+// cross-origin focus.
+promise_test(async t => {
   test_feature_availability(
     'navigator.clipboard.readText()',
     t,
@@ -36,4 +43,3 @@
   );
 }, 'Feature-Policy header clipboard-read "self" disallows cross-origin iframes.');
 </script>
-</body>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html
index c931bbbb89f32f8..e669c8fec4910dc 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<body>
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
 <script src="/feature-policy/resources/featurepolicy.js"></script>
+<script src="../../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
@@ -17,7 +18,8 @@
 // In Chrome and Firefox, Cross-origin focus requires user gesture. In Chrome
 // only, cross-origin focus is asynchronous. Implement WPT support for
 // cross-origin focus.
-async_test(t => {
+promise_test(async t => {
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   test_feature_availability(
     'navigator.clipboard.writeText("test text")',
     t,
@@ -27,4 +29,3 @@
   );
 }, 'Feature policy "clipboard-write" can be enabled in cross-origin iframe using allow="clipboard-write" attribute');
 </script>
-</body>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-tentative.https.sub.html b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-tentative.https.sub.html
index a2858c638e6c05f..b57dfe3dd2888dc 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-tentative.https.sub.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy-attribute-tentative.https.sub.html
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<body>
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
 <script src="/feature-policy/resources/featurepolicy.js"></script>
+<script src="../../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
 const same_origin_src =
   '/feature-policy/resources/feature-policy-clipboard-write.html';
 
-async_test(t => {
+promise_test(async t => {
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   test_feature_availability(
     'navigator.clipboard.writeText("test text")',
     t,
@@ -21,4 +23,3 @@
   );
 }, 'Feature policy "clipboard-write" can be enabled in same-origin iframe using allow="clipboard-write" attribute');
 </script>
-</body>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html
index 0f3164d9b02a13f..6e7029cc789a63e 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy-cross-origin-tentative.https.sub.html
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<body>
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
 <script src="/feature-policy/resources/featurepolicy.js"></script>
+<script src="../../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
@@ -17,7 +18,8 @@
 // In Chrome and Firefox, Cross-origin focus requires user gesture. In Chrome
 // only, cross-origin focus is asynchronous. Implement WPT support for
 // cross-origin focus.
-async_test(t => {
+promise_test(async t => {
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   test_feature_availability(
     'navigator.clipboard.writeText("test text")',
     t,
@@ -26,4 +28,3 @@
   );
 }, 'Feature-Policy header clipboard-write "*" allows cross-origin iframes.');
 </script>
-</body>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html
index 1c6fc49a056605a..ca97994c617d0ee 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<body>
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
 <script src="/feature-policy/resources/featurepolicy.js"></script>
+<script src="../../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
@@ -15,10 +16,12 @@
 
 promise_test(async t => {
   await test_driver.set_permission({ name: 'clipboard-write' }, 'granted');
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.writeText('test text');
 }, 'Feature-Policy header clipboard-write "*" allows the top-level document.');
 
-async_test(t => {
+promise_test(async t => {
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   test_feature_availability(
     'navigator.clipboard.writeText("test text")',
     t,
@@ -27,4 +30,3 @@
   );
 }, 'Feature-Policy header clipboard-write "*" allows same-origin iframes.');
 </script>
-</body>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-on-self-origin-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-on-self-origin-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html
index 51db5a427d2b414..5615a68ac55af81 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-on-self-origin-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/feature-policy/clipboard-write/clipboard-write-enabled-on-self-origin-by-feature-policy.tentative.https.sub.html
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<body>
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
 <script src="/feature-policy/resources/featurepolicy.js"></script>
+<script src="../../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
@@ -15,10 +16,12 @@
 
 promise_test(async t => {
   await test_driver.set_permission({ name: 'clipboard-write' }, 'granted');
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.writeText('test text');
 }, 'Feature-Policy header clipboard-write "self" allows the top-level document.');
 
-async_test(t => {
+promise_test(async t => {
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   test_feature_availability(
     'navigator.clipboard.writeText("test text")',
     t,
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@
   );
 }, 'Feature-Policy header clipboard-write "self" allows same-origin iframes.');
 
-async_test(t => {
+promise_test(async t => {
   test_feature_availability(
     'navigator.clipboard.writeText("test text")',
     t,
@@ -36,4 +39,3 @@
   );
 }, 'Feature-Policy header clipboard-write "self" disallows cross-origin iframes.');
 </script>
-</body>
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/permissions/readText-denied.https.html b/clipboard-apis/permissions/readText-denied.https.html
index 935f520e7de2dd1..010f4ba21b95332 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/permissions/readText-denied.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/permissions/readText-denied.https.html
@@ -2,15 +2,18 @@
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>navigator.clipboard.readText() fails when permission denied</title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
 promise_test(async t => {
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-read'}, 'denied');
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await promise_rejects_dom(t,
       'NotAllowedError', navigator.clipboard.readText());
 }, 'navigator.clipboard.readText() fails when permission denied');
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/permissions/readText-granted.https.html b/clipboard-apis/permissions/readText-granted.https.html
index ab76cd5e1da86e8..e912bd64a83148b 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/permissions/readText-granted.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/permissions/readText-granted.https.html
@@ -2,15 +2,18 @@
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>navigator.clipboard.readText() succeeds when permission granted</title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
 promise_test(async () => {
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-read'}, 'granted');
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.readText();
 }, 'navigator.clipboard.readText() succeeds when permission granted');
 </script>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/permissions/writeText-denied.https.html b/clipboard-apis/permissions/writeText-denied.https.html
index 4d0530f0bc22177..5fbcab411748e25 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/permissions/writeText-denied.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/permissions/writeText-denied.https.html
@@ -2,15 +2,18 @@
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>navigator.clipboard.writeText() fails when permission denied</title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
 promise_test(async t => {
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-write'}, 'denied');
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await promise_rejects_dom(t, 'NotAllowedError',
       navigator.clipboard.writeText('xyz'));
 }, 'navigator.clipboard.writeText() fails when permission denied');
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/permissions/writeText-granted.https.html b/clipboard-apis/permissions/writeText-granted.https.html
index b03ae7ff26b59cb..ff347b7adda0727 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/permissions/writeText-granted.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/permissions/writeText-granted.https.html
@@ -2,15 +2,18 @@
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>navigator.clipboard.writeText() succeeds when permission granted</title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 'use strict';
 
 promise_test(async () => {
   await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-write'}, 'granted');
+  await waitForUserActivation();
   await navigator.clipboard.writeText('xyz');
 }, 'navigator.clipboard.writeText() succeeds when permission granted');
 </script>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-write-read.https.html b/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-write-read.https.html
index a00c5b27a4d65f1..c46e5d431713141 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-write-read.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-write-read.https.html
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@
         read ([text/plain ClipboardItem]) tests
 </title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 async function readWriteTest(textInput) {
   promise_test(async t => {
@@ -18,7 +20,9 @@
     const blobInput = new Blob([textInput], {type: 'text/plain'});
     const clipboardItemInput = new ClipboardItem({'text/plain': blobInput});
 
+    await waitForUserActivation();
     await navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItemInput]);
+    await waitForUserActivation();
     const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read();
     assert_equals(clipboardItems.length, 1);
     const clipboardItemOutput = clipboardItems[0];
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-write-readText.https.html b/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-write-readText.https.html
index e8156af47f4c343..66969b1777b251e 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-write-readText.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-write-readText.https.html
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
   Async Clipboard write ([text/plain ClipboardItem]) -> readText tests
 </title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 async function readWriteTest(textInput) {
   promise_test(async t => {
@@ -17,7 +19,9 @@
     const blobInput = new Blob([textInput], {type: 'text/plain'});
     const clipboardItem = new ClipboardItem({'text/plain': blobInput});
 
+    await waitForUserActivation();
     await navigator.clipboard.write([clipboardItem]);
+    await waitForUserActivation();
     const textOutput = await navigator.clipboard.readText();
 
     assert_equals(textOutput, textInput);
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-writeText-read.https.html b/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-writeText-read.https.html
index 4a37aa1a5f73d3b..ddf563269a422a5 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-writeText-read.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-writeText-read.https.html
@@ -4,17 +4,21 @@
   Async Clipboard writeText -> read ([text/plain ClipboardItem]) tests
 </title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 async function readWriteTest(textInput) {
   promise_test(async t => {
     await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-read'}, 'granted');
     await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-write'}, 'granted');
 
+    await waitForUserActivation();
     await navigator.clipboard.writeText(textInput);
+    await waitForUserActivation();
     const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read();
     assert_equals(clipboardItems.length, 1);
     const clipboardItem = clipboardItems[0];
diff --git a/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-writeText-readText.https.html b/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-writeText-readText.https.html
index 7e56bfef2c68441..0defdf7a7095350 100644
--- a/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-writeText-readText.https.html
+++ b/clipboard-apis/text-write-read/async-writeText-readText.https.html
@@ -2,17 +2,21 @@
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>Async Clipboard writeText -> readText tests</title>
 <link rel="help" href="https://w3c.github.io/clipboard-apis/#async-clipboard-api">
+<body>Body needed for test_driver.click()</body>
 <script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver.js"></script>
 <script src="/resources/testdriver-vendor.js"></script>
+<script src="../resources/user-activation.js"></script>
 <script>
 async function readWriteTest(textInput) {
   promise_test(async t => {
     await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-read'}, 'granted');
     await test_driver.set_permission({name: 'clipboard-write'}, 'granted');
 
+    await waitForUserActivation();
     await navigator.clipboard.writeText(textInput);
+    await waitForUserActivation();
     const textOutput = await navigator.clipboard.readText();
 
     assert_equals(textOutput, textInput);