diff --git a/libs/image-utils/.eslintignore b/libs/image-utils/.eslintignore
index f84d3c9b8c..2efc8cd24a 100644
--- a/libs/image-utils/.eslintignore
+++ b/libs/image-utils/.eslintignore
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 bin
 build
 coverage
-jest.config.js
\ No newline at end of file
+vitest.config.mts
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libs/image-utils/jest.config.js b/libs/image-utils/jest.config.js
deleted file mode 100644
index a686134604..0000000000
--- a/libs/image-utils/jest.config.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-const shared = require('../../jest.config.shared');
-
-/**
- * @type {import('@jest/types').Config.InitialOptions}
- */
-module.exports = {
-  ...shared,
-  coveragePathIgnorePatterns: [
-    'src/jest_pdf_snapshot.ts',
-    'src/cli/pdf_to_images.ts',
-  ],
-  setupFilesAfterEnv: ['<rootDir>/test/setupTests.ts'],
-};
diff --git a/libs/image-utils/package.json b/libs/image-utils/package.json
index 68e8bf31c9..4bed97ccf0 100644
--- a/libs/image-utils/package.json
+++ b/libs/image-utils/package.json
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
     "lint": "pnpm type-check && eslint .",
     "lint:fix": "pnpm type-check && eslint . --fix",
     "test": "is-ci test:ci test:watch",
-    "test:ci": "jest --coverage --ci --reporters=default --reporters=jest-junit --maxWorkers=6",
-    "test:coverage": "jest --coverage",
-    "test:watch": "jest --watch"
+    "test:ci": "vitest run --coverage",
+    "test:coverage": "vitest --coverage",
+    "test:watch": "vitest"
   },
   "packageManager": "pnpm@8.15.5",
   "dependencies": {
@@ -32,23 +32,19 @@
     "tmp": "^0.2.1"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@jest/types": "^29.6.1",
     "@types/debug": "4.1.8",
-    "@types/jest": "^29.5.3",
     "@types/jest-image-snapshot": "^6.4.0",
     "@types/node": "20.16.0",
     "@types/pdfjs-dist": "2.1.3",
     "@types/pixelmatch": "^5.2.6",
     "@types/tmp": "0.2.4",
+    "@vitest/coverage-istanbul": "^2.1.8",
     "esbuild": "0.21.2",
     "esbuild-runner": "2.2.2",
     "eslint-plugin-vx": "workspace:*",
     "fast-check": "2.23.2",
     "is-ci-cli": "2.2.0",
-    "jest": "^29.6.2",
-    "jest-junit": "^16.0.0",
-    "jest-watch-typeahead": "^2.2.2",
     "lint-staged": "11.0.0",
-    "ts-jest": "29.1.1"
+    "vitest": "^2.1.8"
   }
 }
diff --git a/libs/image-utils/src/crop.test.ts b/libs/image-utils/src/crop.test.mts
similarity index 92%
rename from libs/image-utils/src/crop.test.ts
rename to libs/image-utils/src/crop.test.mts
index d29d832462..534c0b3fc9 100644
--- a/libs/image-utils/src/crop.test.ts
+++ b/libs/image-utils/src/crop.test.mts
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
+import { expect, test } from 'vitest';
 import { Rect } from '@votingworks/types';
 import { createImageData, ImageData } from 'canvas';
 import fc from 'fast-check';
-import { arbitraryImageData, arbitraryRect } from '../test/arbitraries';
-import { crop } from './crop';
-import { int } from './types';
-import { RGBA_CHANNEL_COUNT } from '.';
+import { arbitraryImageData, arbitraryRect } from '../test/arbitraries.mjs';
+import { crop } from './crop.js';
+import { int } from './types.js';
+import { RGBA_CHANNEL_COUNT } from './index.js';
 
 /**
  * A slow-but-accurate implementation of `crop` to compare against.
diff --git a/libs/image-utils/src/image_data.test.ts b/libs/image-utils/src/image_data.test.mts
similarity index 98%
rename from libs/image-utils/src/image_data.test.ts
rename to libs/image-utils/src/image_data.test.mts
index 47c164f43f..837e41a196 100644
--- a/libs/image-utils/src/image_data.test.ts
+++ b/libs/image-utils/src/image_data.test.mts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { expect, test } from 'vitest';
 import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer';
 import { ImageData, createImageData } from 'canvas';
 import fc from 'fast-check';
@@ -5,7 +6,7 @@ import { writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
 import { fileSync } from 'tmp';
 import { randomFillSync } from 'node:crypto';
 import { MaybePromise } from '@votingworks/basics';
-import { arbitraryImageData } from '../test/arbitraries';
+import { arbitraryImageData } from '../test/arbitraries.mjs';
 import {
   RGBA_CHANNEL_COUNT,
   encodeImageData,
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ import {
   toDataUrl,
   toImageBuffer,
   writeImageData,
-} from './image_data';
+} from './image_data.js';
 
 test('channels', () => {
   const rgbaImage = createImageData(1, 1);
diff --git a/libs/image-utils/src/jest_match_image.test.ts b/libs/image-utils/src/jest_match_image.test.mts
similarity index 97%
rename from libs/image-utils/src/jest_match_image.test.ts
rename to libs/image-utils/src/jest_match_image.test.mts
index 8246b43cb6..935ffb0ad0 100644
--- a/libs/image-utils/src/jest_match_image.test.ts
+++ b/libs/image-utils/src/jest_match_image.test.mts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
+import { expect, test } from 'vitest';
 import { sampleBallotImages } from '@votingworks/fixtures';
 import { createImageData } from 'canvas';
 import { basename } from 'node:path';
-import { crop } from './crop';
+import { crop } from './crop.js';
 
 test('matching images', async () => {
   const image = createImageData(1, 1);
diff --git a/libs/image-utils/src/numeric.test.ts b/libs/image-utils/src/numeric.test.mts
similarity index 96%
rename from libs/image-utils/src/numeric.test.ts
rename to libs/image-utils/src/numeric.test.mts
index 752a054bc0..2470e63bb7 100644
--- a/libs/image-utils/src/numeric.test.ts
+++ b/libs/image-utils/src/numeric.test.mts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+import { expect, test } from 'vitest';
 import fc from 'fast-check';
-import { assertInteger, EPSILON, isCloseToZero } from './numeric';
+import { assertInteger, EPSILON, isCloseToZero } from './numeric.js';
 
 test('isCloseToZero', () => {
   expect(isCloseToZero(0)).toEqual(true);
diff --git a/libs/image-utils/src/pdf_to_images.test.ts b/libs/image-utils/src/pdf_to_images.test.mts
similarity index 96%
rename from libs/image-utils/src/pdf_to_images.test.ts
rename to libs/image-utils/src/pdf_to_images.test.mts
index 356baeb32f..2f497edbc1 100644
--- a/libs/image-utils/src/pdf_to_images.test.ts
+++ b/libs/image-utils/src/pdf_to_images.test.mts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { expect, test } from 'vitest';
 import { iter } from '@votingworks/basics';
 import { electionGridLayoutNewHampshireHudsonFixtures } from '@votingworks/fixtures';
 import { Size } from '@votingworks/types';
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ import {
   parsePdf,
   pdfToImages,
   setPdfRenderWorkerSrc,
-} from './pdf_to_images';
+} from './pdf_to_images.js';
 
 const pdfNotRequiringPdfjsIntermediateCanvasBuffer = readFileSync(
   join(
diff --git a/libs/image-utils/test/arbitraries.ts b/libs/image-utils/test/arbitraries.mts
similarity index 97%
rename from libs/image-utils/test/arbitraries.ts
rename to libs/image-utils/test/arbitraries.mts
index 300ea807b1..d7524a1d90 100644
--- a/libs/image-utils/test/arbitraries.ts
+++ b/libs/image-utils/test/arbitraries.mts
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import { assert } from '@votingworks/basics';
 import { Rect } from '@votingworks/types';
 import { createImageData, ImageData } from 'canvas';
 import fc from 'fast-check';
-import { int, RGBA_CHANNEL_COUNT } from '../src';
-import { assertInteger } from '../src/numeric';
+import { int, RGBA_CHANNEL_COUNT } from '../src/index.js';
+import { assertInteger } from '../src/numeric.js';
 
 /**
  * Options for building an arbitrary image data.
diff --git a/libs/image-utils/test/arbitraries.test.ts b/libs/image-utils/test/arbitraries.test.mts
similarity index 97%
rename from libs/image-utils/test/arbitraries.test.ts
rename to libs/image-utils/test/arbitraries.test.mts
index 00dcde4d5e..5da640d30c 100644
--- a/libs/image-utils/test/arbitraries.test.ts
+++ b/libs/image-utils/test/arbitraries.test.mts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+import { expect, test } from 'vitest';
 import fc from 'fast-check';
-import { assertInteger } from '../src/numeric';
-import { arbitraryImageData, arbitraryRect } from './arbitraries';
+import { assertInteger } from '../src/numeric.js';
+import { arbitraryImageData, arbitraryRect } from './arbitraries.mjs';
 
 test('arbitraryImageData has sensible values', () => {
   fc.assert(
diff --git a/libs/image-utils/test/setupTests.ts b/libs/image-utils/test/setupTests.ts
index 2b02085c56..d91217a0a4 100644
--- a/libs/image-utils/test/setupTests.ts
+++ b/libs/image-utils/test/setupTests.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { ImageData } from 'canvas';
+import { expect } from 'vitest';
 import { toMatchImage, ToMatchImageOptions } from '../src';
 
 declare global {
diff --git a/libs/image-utils/tsconfig.build.json b/libs/image-utils/tsconfig.build.json
index 231e6621ec..8cd64d18d7 100644
--- a/libs/image-utils/tsconfig.build.json
+++ b/libs/image-utils/tsconfig.build.json
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 {
   "extends": "./tsconfig.json",
   "include": ["src"],
-  "exclude": ["**/*.test.ts", "**/*.test.tsx"],
+  "exclude": [
+    "**/*.test.ts",
+    "**/*.test.tsx",
+    "**/*.test.mts",
+    "**/*.test.mtsx"
+  ],
   "compilerOptions": {
     "noEmit": false,
     "outDir": "build",
diff --git a/libs/image-utils/vitest.config.mts b/libs/image-utils/vitest.config.mts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b249733b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/image-utils/vitest.config.mts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { defineConfig } from '../../vitest.config.shared.mjs';
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  test: {
+    setupFiles: ['test/setupTests.ts'],
+    coverage: {
+      exclude: ['src/jest_pdf_snapshot.ts', 'src/cli/pdf_to_images.ts'],
+    },
+  },
+});
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 270e92c51d..f3508e9ca7 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -4534,15 +4534,9 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^0.2.1
         version: 0.2.1
     devDependencies:
-      '@jest/types':
-        specifier: ^29.6.1
-        version: 29.6.1
       '@types/debug':
         specifier: 4.1.8
         version: 4.1.8
-      '@types/jest':
-        specifier: ^29.5.3
-        version: 29.5.3
       '@types/jest-image-snapshot':
         specifier: ^6.4.0
         version: 6.4.0
@@ -4558,6 +4552,9 @@ importers:
       '@types/tmp':
         specifier: 0.2.4
         version: 0.2.4
+      '@vitest/coverage-istanbul':
+        specifier: ^2.1.8
+        version: 2.1.8(vitest@2.1.8)
       esbuild:
         specifier: 0.21.2
         version: 0.21.2
@@ -4573,21 +4570,12 @@ importers:
       is-ci-cli:
         specifier: 2.2.0
         version: 2.2.0
-      jest:
-        specifier: ^29.6.2
-        version: 29.6.2(@types/node@20.16.0)
-      jest-junit:
-        specifier: ^16.0.0
-        version: 16.0.0
-      jest-watch-typeahead:
-        specifier: ^2.2.2
-        version: 2.2.2(jest@29.6.2)
       lint-staged:
         specifier: 11.0.0
         version: 11.0.0
-      ts-jest:
-        specifier: 29.1.1
-        version: 29.1.1(@babel/core@7.26.0)(@jest/types@29.6.1)(esbuild@0.21.2)(jest@29.6.2)(typescript@5.6.2)
+      vitest:
+        specifier: ^2.1.8
+        version: 2.1.8(@types/node@20.16.0)
 
   libs/logging:
     dependencies: