Increasing IT demand has seen 6$\times$ growth of server and 69$\times$ growth of storage during the last decade.
\CircledOne \CircledTwo \CircledThree
Double quote symbol is almost never used in LaTeX, use the following
``''
Used Separately, they represent left single quote and right single quote, respectively. If necessary use "," to separate adjacent double and single quotes. "," inserts a small space. But, don't leave any space before or after "," command.
There are three different sizes of dash by typing 1, 2, or 3 '-'. Usually, thereis no space before or after a dash. Minus signs are not dashes; they should appear only in math formulas.
A period ends a sentence unless it follows an uppercase letter. If it is not the case use a following "\ " or a "@" to help clarify.
Tinker et al.\ made the double play.
The Romans wrote I + I = II\@. Really.
If a sentence period is followed by a right parenthesis or a right quote, then the peiord's extra space goes after the parenthesis or quote.
``Beans (lima, etc.)\ have vitamin B\@.''
The same rule holds for question mark (?), exclamation point (!), or colon (:).
Ten special characters:
# $ % & _ { } ~ _ ^
The first 7 can be generated by escaping, whereas the last 3 can be generated in verbatim environment.
No special characters in verbatim.
\begin{verbatim}
special characters #%|&$_\^~ are no longer special.
\end{verbatim}
A shorter form is "\verb". Its argument is not enclosed in braces, but by a pair of identical characters.
The special characters \verb| % ~ ^ % & | are no longer special.
verbatim* and verb* are the same, but display 'space' specially.
Commands have names consisting of a back-slash followed by one or more letters. The names end when a non-letter, such as digit, punctuation, and special character, is encounted. Most command names have only lowercase letters.
\LaTeX \today \ldots
A tilde ~ prevents a line break.
Mr.~Jones Figure~\ref{fig:xx} (1)~gnats
To avoid spliting a word, especailly a name, use mbox
Doctor \mbox{Longlastnamedoctor}
There is no extra space around the footnote command, otherwise, unnecessary space will be introduced.
Gnus\footnote{A gnu is a big animal.} can be quite a gnusance.
Inline formula is surrounded by "(" and ")", or "$" and "$". Any space in a formula environment is ignored.
"%" has two uses: ending a line without producing any space in the output, and comment out texts.
Doctor Longlast% -> Doctor Longlastnamedoctor
namedoctor
Input preceding the "\begin{document}" command is called the preamble. Input following "\end{document}" is ignored.
Has options: 11pt, 12pt, twoside, and twocolumn
\documentclass[twocolumn,12pt]{article}
It is a LaTeX convention that optional arguments are enclosed in square brackets, while mandatory arguments are enclosed in curly braces.
Follows documentclass is usepackage, which can has optional arguments in brackets as with documentclass. Self-defined commands should be put after documentclass and usepackage.
tile, author, and date is actually generated by "\maketitle". When date is missing "\today" is used.