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<header id="title-block-header">
<h1 class="title">Ubuntu Cli Cheatsheet</h1>
</header>
<h1 id="davdevs-ubuntu-cli-cheat-sheet">DavDev’s Ubuntu CLI cheat
sheet</h1>
<h2 id="system">System</h2>
<h3 id="system-information">System information</h3>
<p><code>uname -a</code> : Displays all system information.
<code>hostnamectl</code> : Shows current hostname and related details.
<code>lscpu</code> : Lists CPU architecture information.
<code>timedatectl status</code> : Shows system time.</p>
<p><code>ls</code> : Lists files and directories.
<code>touch <filename></code> : Creates an empty file or updates
the last accessed date.
<code>cp <source> <destination></code> : Copies files from
source to destination.
<code>mv <source> <destination></code> : Moves files or
renames them. <code>rm <filename></code> : Deletes a file.</p>
<h3 id="system-monitoring-and-management">System monitoring and
management</h3>
<p>top : Displays real-time system processes. htop : An interactive
process viewer (needs installation). df -h : Shows disk usage in a
human-readable format. free -m : Displays free and used memory in MB.
kill <process id> : Terminates a process.</p>
<h2 id="files">Files</h2>
<h3 id="file-management">File management</h3>
<h3 id="directory-navigation">Directory navigation</h3>
<p><code>pwd</code> : Displays the current directory path.
<code>cd <directory></code> : Changes the current directory.
<code>mkdir <dirname></code> : Creates a new directory.</p>
<h2 id="file-permissions-and-ownership">File permissions and
ownership</h2>
<h3 id="running-commands">Running commands</h3>
<p><code>[command] &</code> : Runs command in the background.
<code>jobs</code> : Displays background commands.
<code>fg <command number></code> : Brings command to the
foreground.</p>
<p><code>chmod [who][+/-][permissions] <file></code> : Changes
file permissions. <code>chmod u+x <file></code> : Makes a file
executable by its owner. <code>chown [user]:[group] <file></code>
: Changes file owner and group.</p>
<h2 id="searching-and-finding">Searching and finding</h2>
<h3 id="service-management">Service management</h3>
<p><code>sudo systemctl start <service></code>: Starts a service.
<code>sudo systemctl stop <service></code> : Stops a service
<code>sudo systemctl status <service></code> : Checks the status
of a service. <code>sudo systemctl reload <service></code> :
Reloads a service’s configuration without interrupting its operation.
<code>journalctl -f</code> : Follows the journal, showing new log
messages in real time. <code>journalctl -u <unit_name></code> :
Displays logs for a specific systemd unit.</p>
<h1 id="cron-jobs-and-scheduling">Cron jobs and scheduling</h1>
<p><code>crontab -e</code> : Edits cron jobs for the current user.
<code>crontab -l</code> : Lists cron jobs for the current user.</p>
<p><code>find [directory] -name <search_pattern></code> : Finds
files and directories.
<code>grep <search_pattern> <file></code> : Searches for a
pattern in files.</p>
<h2 id="archiving-and-compression">Archiving and compression</h2>
<p>tar -czvf <name.tar.gz> <a href="#files">files</a> : Compresses
files into a tar.gz archive. tar -xvf <name.tar.[gz|bz|xz]>
[destination] : Extracts a compressed tar archive.</p>
<h2 id="text-editing-and-processing">Text editing and processing</h2>
<p><code>nano [file]</code> : Opens a file in the Nano text editor.
<code>cat <file></code> : Displays the contents of a file.
<code>less <file></code> : Displays the paginated content of a
file. <code>head <file></code> : Shows the first few lines of a
file. <code>tail <file></code> : Shows the last few lines of a
file. <code>awk ‘{print}’ [file]</code> : Prints every line in a
file.</p>
<h1 id="packages">Packages</h1>
<h2 id="package-management-apt">Package management (APT)</h2>
<p><code>sudo apt install <package></code> : Installs a package.
<code>sudo apt install -f –reinstall <package></code> : Reinstalls
a broken package. <code>apt search <package></code> : Searches for
APT packages. <code>apt-cache policy <package></code> : Lists
available package versions. <code>sudo apt update</code> : Updates
package lists. <code>sudo apt upgrade</code> : Upgrades all upgradable
packages. <code>sudo apt remove <package></code> : Removes a
package. <code>sudo apt purge <package></code> : Removes a package
and all its configuration files.</p>
<p><code>ip addr show</code> : Displays network interfaces and IP
addresses. <code>ip -s link</code> : Shows network statistics.
<code>ss -l</code> : Shows listening sockets.
<code>ping <host></code> : Pings a host and outputs results.</p>
<h2 id="netplan-configuration-read-more-at-netplan.io">Netplan
configuration (read more at netplan.io)</h2>
<p><code>cat /etc/netplan/*.yaml</code> : Displays the current Netplan
configuration. <code>sudo netplan try</code> : Tests a new configuration
for a set period of time. <code>sudo netplan apply</code> : Applies the
current Netplan configuration.</p>
<h2 id="package-management-snap">Package management (Snap)</h2>
<p><code>snap find <package></code> : Search for Snap packages.
<code>sudo snap install <snap_name></code> : Installs a Snap
package. <code>sudo snap remove <snap_name></code> : Removes a
Snap package. <code>sudo snap refresh</code> : Updates all installed
Snap packages. <code>snap list</code> : Lists all installed Snap
packages. <code>snap info <snap_name></code> : Displays
information about a Snap package.</p>
<h2 id="firewall-management">Firewall management</h2>
<p><code>sudo ufw status</code> : Displays the status of the firewall.
<code>sudo ufw enable</code> : Enables the firewall.
<code>sudo ufw disable</code> : Disables the firewall.
<code>sudo ufw allow <port/service></code> : Allows traffic on a
specific port or service.
<code>sudo ufw deny <port/service></code> : Denies traffic on a
specific port or service.
<code>sudo ufw delete allow/deny <port/service></code> : Deletes
an existing rule.</p>
<h1 id="ssh-and-remote-access">SSH and remote access</h1>
<p><code>ssh <user@host></code> : Connects to a remote host via
SSH.
<code>scp <source> <user@host>:<destination></code> :
Securely copies files between hosts.</p>
<h1 id="users-groups">Users & groups</h1>
<h2 id="user-management">User management</h2>
<p><code>w</code> : Shows which users are logged in.
<code>sudo adduser <username></code> : Creates a new user.
<code>sudo deluser <username></code> : Deletes a user.
<code>sudo passwd <username></code> : Sets or changes the password
for a user. <code>su <username></code> : Switches user.
<code>sudo passwd -l <username></code> : Locks a user account.
<code>sudo passwd -u <username></code> : Unlocks a user password.
<code>Sudo change <username></code> : Sets user password
expiration date.</p>
<h2 id="firewall-management-1">Firewall management</h2>
<p><code>sudo ufw status</code> : Displays the status of the firewall.
<code>sudo ufw enable</code> : Enables the firewall.
<code>sudo ufw disable</code> : Disables the firewall.
<code>sudo ufw allow <port/service></code> : Allows traffic on a
specific port or service.
<code>sudo ufw deny <port/service></code> : Denies traffic on a
specific port or service.
<code>sudo ufw delete allow/deny <port/service></code> : Deletes
an existing rule.</p>
<h2 id="group-management">Group management</h2>
<p><code>id [username]</code> : Displays user and group IDs.
<code>groups [username]</code> : Shows the groups a user belongs to.
<code>sudo addgroup <groupname></code> : Creates a new group.
<code>sudo delgroup <groupname></code> : Deletes a group.</p>
<h1 id="ubuntu-lxd">Ubuntu LXD</h1>
<p>LXD is a modern, secure and powerful tool that provides a unified
experience for running and managing containers or virtual machines.
Visit https ://canonical.com/lxd for more information.</p>
<p><code>lxd init</code> : initializes LXD before first use</p>
<h2 id="creating-instances">Creating instances</h2>
<p><code>lxc init ubuntu:22.04 <container name></code> : Creates a
lxc system container (without starting it).
<code>lxc launch ubuntu:24.04 <container name></code> : Creates
and starts a lxc system container.
<code>lxc launch ubuntu:22.04 <vm name> --vm</code> : Creates and
starts a virtual machine.</p>
<h2 id="managing-instances">Managing instances</h2>
<p><code>lxc list</code> : Lists instances.
<code>lxc info <instance></code> : Shows status information about
an instance. <code>lxc start <instance></code> : Starts an
instance. <code>lxc stop <instance> [--force]</code> : Stops an
instance.
<code>lxc delete <instance> [--force|--interactive]</code> :
Deletes an instance.</p>
<h2 id="accessing-instances">Accessing instances</h2>
<p><code>lxc exec <instance> -- <command></code> : Runs a
command inside an instance.
<code>lxc exec <instance> -- bash</code> : Gets shell access to an
instance (if bash is installed).
<code>lxc console <instance> [flags]</code> : Gets console access
to an instance.
<code>lxc file pull <instance>/<instance_filepath> <local_filepath></code>
: Pulls a file from an instance.
<code>lxc file pull <local_filepath> <instance>/<instance_filepath></code>
: Pushes a file to an instance.</p>
<h2 id="using-projects">Using projects</h2>
<p><code>lxc project create <project> [--config <option>]</code>
: Creates a project.
<code>lxc project set <project> <option></code> : Configures
a project. <code>lxc project switch <project></code> : Switches to
a project.</p>
<h1 id="pipewire">Pipewire</h1>
<p><code>systemctl --user restart pipewire.service</code> : Restarts the
Pipewire service.</p>
<p> </p>
</body>
</html>