From 67c70801c4efbfaf951a3a31fd770365bd473898 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Jun 2023 17:34:12 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 01/17] Added systems hooks, file, and suppress_context

---
 src/module-mesa/file/assets/haiku.txt |  3 ++
 src/module-mesa/file/file.py          |  7 ++++
 src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py   | 19 +++++++++++
 src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py      | 22 ++++++++++++
 src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py       | 22 ++++++++++++
 src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py  | 33 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/systems-swamp/stderr.py           | 26 ++++++++++++++
 src/systems-swamp/stdin.py            | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/systems-swamp/stdout.py           | 25 ++++++++++++++
 src/systems-swamp/suppress_context.py | 17 ++++++++++
 src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py   | 27 +++++++++++++++
 11 files changed, 250 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/module-mesa/file/assets/haiku.txt
 create mode 100644 src/module-mesa/file/file.py
 create mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
 create mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py
 create mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py
 create mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py
 create mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/stderr.py
 create mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/stdin.py
 create mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/stdout.py
 create mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/suppress_context.py
 create mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py

diff --git a/src/module-mesa/file/assets/haiku.txt b/src/module-mesa/file/assets/haiku.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a196a33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/module-mesa/file/assets/haiku.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+I am a haiku
+Inside of a small text file
+Waiting to be read
diff --git a/src/module-mesa/file/file.py b/src/module-mesa/file/file.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16f0ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/module-mesa/file/file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"""Sets a directory relative to _this_ file"""
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ASSETS = (Path(__file__) / ".." / "assets").resolve()
+
+with open(ASSETS / "haiku.txt", "r") as f:
+    print(f.read())
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d16404
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import contextlib
+import sys
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def no_breakpoint():
+    sys.breakpointhook = lambda *args, **kwargs: print(
+        "You didn't think I'd let you debug so easily, did you?",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    yield
+    sys.breakpointhook = sys.__breakpointhook__
+
+
+with no_breakpoint():
+    breakpoint()
+    x = 1
+    y = x * 2
+    print(y)
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py b/src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fba0e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""
+When in an interactive session – import these functions and call
+activate_pretty to pretty print the result of all expressions
+"""
+
+import builtins
+import sys
+from pprint import pprint
+
+
+def activate_pretty():
+    def hook(value):
+        builtins._ = value
+        if value is None:
+            return
+        pprint(value)
+
+    sys.displayhook = hook
+
+
+def deactivate_pretty():
+    sys.displayhook = sys.__displayhook__
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py b/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03e66dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""Makes error messages sArCaStIc"""
+import sys
+from contextlib import redirect_stderr
+from io import StringIO
+
+
+def memeify(value: str) -> str:
+    return "".join(
+        c.upper() if i % 2 == 0 else c.lower() for i, c in enumerate(value)
+    )
+
+
+def sarcastic_excepthook(type, value, traceback):
+    with redirect_stderr(StringIO()) as f:
+        sys.__excepthook__(type, value, traceback)
+    message = memeify(f.getvalue())
+    print(message, file=sys.stderr)
+
+
+sys.excepthook = sarcastic_excepthook
+
+1 / 0
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py b/src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bcf445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""
+This file needs to be set as a PYTHONSTARTUP environment variable:
+
+    export PYTHONSTARTUP=src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py
+
+It will then run when an interactive session is started.
+
+Sets all outputs to be pretty printed + adds an introductory message
+"""
+import builtins
+import sys
+from pprint import pprint
+
+BANNER = """
+********************************************************************************
+******************** We in the interactive session, babey! *********************
+********************************************************************************
+"""
+
+
+def displayhook(value):
+    builtins._ = value
+    if value is None:
+        return
+    pprint(value)
+
+
+def _startup():
+    print(BANNER)
+    sys.displayhook = displayhook
+
+
+sys.__interactivehook__ = _startup
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/stderr.py b/src/systems-swamp/stderr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3fa9a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/stderr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""For real projects, use contextlib.redirect_stderr instead"""
+import contextlib
+import sys
+from io import StringIO
+from textwrap import indent
+from typing import TextIO, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=TextIO)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def redirect_stderr(target: T) -> T:
+    sys.stderr = target
+    yield target
+    sys.stderr = sys.__stderr__
+
+
+with redirect_stderr(StringIO()) as f:
+    try:
+        1 / 0
+    except ZeroDivisionError as e:
+        sys.excepthook(ZeroDivisionError, e, e.__traceback__)
+
+
+print("And the error is:")
+print(indent(f.getvalue(), "> "))
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/stdin.py b/src/systems-swamp/stdin.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73b2f8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/stdin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+"""No contextlib option!"""
+import builtins
+import contextlib
+import sys
+from io import StringIO
+from typing import TextIO
+
+SAVED_INPUT = input
+
+
+def _input(prompt):
+    result = SAVED_INPUT(prompt)
+    print(result)
+    return result
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def redirect_stdin(target: TextIO):
+    sys.stdin = target
+    builtins.input = _input
+    yield
+    sys.stdout = sys.__stdin__
+    builtins.input = SAVED_INPUT
+
+
+menu = """
+1) egg and spam
+2) egg bacon and spam
+3) egg bacon sausage and spam
+4) spam bacon sausage and spam
+5) spam egg spam spam bacon and spam
+6) spam sausage spam spam bacon spam tomato and spam
+""".strip()
+
+stdin = StringIO("""
+Have you got anything without spam?
+1
+""".lstrip())
+
+with redirect_stdin(stdin):
+    print("We've got:")
+    print(menu)
+    choice = input("> ")
+    while not choice.isdigit() or int(choice) not in range(1, 7):
+        print("No, we've got:")
+        print(menu)
+        choice = input("> ")
+    print("Excellent choice!")
+    print("Spam spam spam spam. Lovely spam! Wonderful spam!")
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/stdout.py b/src/systems-swamp/stdout.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e343f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/stdout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"""For real projects, use contextlib.redirect_stdout instead"""
+import contextlib
+import sys
+from io import StringIO
+from textwrap import indent
+from typing import TextIO, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=TextIO)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def redirect_stdout(target: T) -> T:
+    sys.stdout = target
+    yield target
+    sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
+
+
+with redirect_stdout(StringIO()) as f:
+    print("How much foo could a foo bar bar if a foo bar could bar foo?")
+    print("A foo bar could bar as much foo as a foo bar could bar")
+    print("if a foo bar could bar foo")
+
+
+print("And the stdout was:")
+print(indent(f.getvalue(), "> "))
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/suppress_context.py b/src/systems-swamp/suppress_context.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a74d342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/suppress_context.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""Forces __suppress_context__ to be false when an exception is raised"""
+
+
+class ForceContext:
+    def __enter__(self):
+        ...
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        exc_val.__suppress_context__ = False
+        return False
+
+
+with ForceContext():
+    try:
+        1 / 0
+    except ZeroDivisionError:
+        raise ValueError("Something went wrong!") from None
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py b/src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35c9032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""A context manager to ignore unraiseable errors"""
+import contextlib
+import sys
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def silence_unraiseables():
+    sys.unraisablehook = lambda *args, **kwargs: ...
+    yield
+    sys.unraisablehook = sys.__unraisablehook__
+
+
+class Foo:
+    def __del__(self):
+        raise Exception("Whoops!")
+
+
+with silence_unraiseables():
+    # stderr to keep error messages in order
+    print("Making Foo with silenced unraisables:", file=sys.stderr)
+    Foo()
+    print("Done", file=sys.stderr)
+
+
+print("Making Foo with regular hook:", file=sys.stderr)
+Foo()
+print("Done", file=sys.stderr)

From e3e794bfb6e23ddacd26aebbbb047ec0dd98796f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Jun 2023 20:50:36 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 02/17] Update breakpointhook.py
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

girlies – I am struggling with this one
---
 src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py | 73 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 63 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
index 3d16404..bacda42 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
@@ -1,19 +1,72 @@
+"""Adds locals to breaks?"""
 import contextlib
+import linecache
+import reprlib
 import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from pdb import Pdb
+from pprint import pformat
+from textwrap import indent
+
+
+class PdbLocals(Pdb):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _short_path(filename) -> Path:
+        """
+        Returns a relative path to the frame file if possible or an absolute path
+        """
+        try:
+            return Path(filename).resolve().relative_to(Path.cwd())
+        except ValueError:
+            return Path(filename).resolve()
+
+    def format_stack_entry(self, frame_lineno, lprefix=': '):
+        frame, lineno = frame_lineno
+        name = frame.f_code.co_name if frame.f_code.co_name else "<lambda>"
+        filename = PdbLocals._short_path(frame.f_code.co_filename)
+        lines = [f"File \"{filename}\" line {lineno} in {name}", ""]
+
+        if lineno is not None:
+            path = self.canonic(frame.f_code.co_filename)
+            if line := linecache.getline(path, lineno, frame.f_globals):
+                lines += [indent(line.strip(), " " * 4), ""]
+
+        lines += [f"Locals: {pformat(self.curframe_locals)}"]
+
+        if '__return__' in frame.f_locals:
+            rv = frame.f_locals['__return__']
+            lines += ["Returning -> " + reprlib.repr(rv)]
+        lines += [""]
+
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def set_trace(*, header=None):
+    pdb = PdbLocals()
+    if header is not None:
+        pdb.message(header)
+    pdb.set_trace(sys._getframe().f_back)
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def no_breakpoint():
-    sys.breakpointhook = lambda *args, **kwargs: print(
-        "You didn't think I'd let you debug so easily, did you?",
-        file=sys.stderr,
-    )
+def locals_debugger():
+    sys.breakpointhook = set_trace
     yield
     sys.breakpointhook = sys.__breakpointhook__
 
 
-with no_breakpoint():
-    breakpoint()
-    x = 1
-    y = x * 2
-    print(y)
+# Example
+def foo(x, y):
+    z = x + y
+    return z
+
+
+def main():
+    with locals_debugger():
+        breakpoint()
+        result = foo(1, 1)
+        print(result)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

From bf6180dc376a858d4123dff87b21428b43067b5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Jun 2023 21:05:21 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 03/17] Update breakpointhook.py

---
 src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py | 37 ++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
index bacda42..9288fc4 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 """Adds locals to breaks?"""
-import contextlib
 import linecache
 import reprlib
 import sys
@@ -9,21 +8,20 @@
 from textwrap import indent
 
 
-class PdbLocals(Pdb):
-    @staticmethod
-    def _short_path(filename) -> Path:
-        """
-        Returns a relative path to the frame file if possible or an absolute path
-        """
-        try:
-            return Path(filename).resolve().relative_to(Path.cwd())
-        except ValueError:
-            return Path(filename).resolve()
+def _short_path(filename) -> Path:
+    try:
+        return Path(filename).resolve().relative_to(Path.cwd())
+    except ValueError:
+        return Path(filename).resolve()
+
 
+class PdbLocals(Pdb):
+    """Pdb... with locals (and some minor formatting)"""
     def format_stack_entry(self, frame_lineno, lprefix=': '):
         frame, lineno = frame_lineno
+        
         name = frame.f_code.co_name if frame.f_code.co_name else "<lambda>"
-        filename = PdbLocals._short_path(frame.f_code.co_filename)
+        filename = _short_path(frame.f_code.co_filename)
         lines = [f"File \"{filename}\" line {lineno} in {name}", ""]
 
         if lineno is not None:
@@ -48,10 +46,11 @@ def set_trace(*, header=None):
     pdb.set_trace(sys._getframe().f_back)
 
 
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def locals_debugger():
+def debug_with_locals():
     sys.breakpointhook = set_trace
-    yield
+
+
+def reset_debug():
     sys.breakpointhook = sys.__breakpointhook__
 
 
@@ -62,11 +61,11 @@ def foo(x, y):
 
 
 def main():
-    with locals_debugger():
-        breakpoint()
-        result = foo(1, 1)
-        print(result)
+    breakpoint()
+    result = foo(1, 1)
+    print(result)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    debug_with_locals()
     main()

From 9c02de47d11b6e3e52e4ec2a0260591bc5e77960 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Jun 2023 21:17:15 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 04/17] reformat

---
 src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py | 11 ++++++-----
 src/systems-swamp/stdin.py          |  5 +----
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
index 9288fc4..8e6ea9d 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
@@ -17,12 +17,13 @@ def _short_path(filename) -> Path:
 
 class PdbLocals(Pdb):
     """Pdb... with locals (and some minor formatting)"""
-    def format_stack_entry(self, frame_lineno, lprefix=': '):
+
+    def format_stack_entry(self, frame_lineno, lprefix=": "):
         frame, lineno = frame_lineno
-        
+
         name = frame.f_code.co_name if frame.f_code.co_name else "<lambda>"
         filename = _short_path(frame.f_code.co_filename)
-        lines = [f"File \"{filename}\" line {lineno} in {name}", ""]
+        lines = [f'File "{filename}" line {lineno} in {name}', ""]
 
         if lineno is not None:
             path = self.canonic(frame.f_code.co_filename)
@@ -31,8 +32,8 @@ def format_stack_entry(self, frame_lineno, lprefix=': '):
 
         lines += [f"Locals: {pformat(self.curframe_locals)}"]
 
-        if '__return__' in frame.f_locals:
-            rv = frame.f_locals['__return__']
+        if "__return__" in frame.f_locals:
+            rv = frame.f_locals["__return__"]
             lines += ["Returning -> " + reprlib.repr(rv)]
         lines += [""]
 
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/stdin.py b/src/systems-swamp/stdin.py
index 73b2f8f..645448c 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/stdin.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/stdin.py
@@ -32,10 +32,7 @@ def redirect_stdin(target: TextIO):
 6) spam sausage spam spam bacon spam tomato and spam
 """.strip()
 
-stdin = StringIO("""
-Have you got anything without spam?
-1
-""".lstrip())
+stdin = StringIO("Have you got anything without spam?\n1\n")
 
 with redirect_stdin(stdin):
     print("We've got:")

From a9c07dfc4482f5345d443d7383a5ee1d6e61b6a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Jun 2023 11:07:13 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 05/17] Update breakpointhook.py

---
 src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py | 54 ++++++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
index 8e6ea9d..c5865df 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-"""Adds locals to breaks?"""
+"""Adds locals to default Pdb debugger at `breakpoint()`"""
+import contextlib
 import linecache
 import reprlib
 import sys
@@ -8,35 +9,45 @@
 from textwrap import indent
 
 
-def _short_path(filename) -> Path:
-    try:
-        return Path(filename).resolve().relative_to(Path.cwd())
-    except ValueError:
-        return Path(filename).resolve()
-
-
 class PdbLocals(Pdb):
     """Pdb... with locals (and some minor formatting)"""
 
-    def format_stack_entry(self, frame_lineno, lprefix=": "):
-        frame, lineno = frame_lineno
+    def _short_path(self, filename) -> Path:
+        try:
+            return Path(filename).resolve().relative_to(Path.cwd())
+        except ValueError:
+            return Path(filename).resolve()
 
+    def _header(self, frame, lineno):
         name = frame.f_code.co_name if frame.f_code.co_name else "<lambda>"
-        filename = _short_path(frame.f_code.co_filename)
-        lines = [f'File "{filename}" line {lineno} in {name}', ""]
+        filename = self._short_path(frame.f_code.co_filename)
+        return f'File "{filename}" line {lineno} in {name}'
 
+    def _code_line(self, frame, lineno):
         if lineno is not None:
             path = self.canonic(frame.f_code.co_filename)
             if line := linecache.getline(path, lineno, frame.f_globals):
-                lines += [indent(line.strip(), " " * 4), ""]
-
-        lines += [f"Locals: {pformat(self.curframe_locals)}"]
+                return indent(line.strip(), " " * 4)
 
+    def _return_value(self, frame):
         if "__return__" in frame.f_locals:
             rv = frame.f_locals["__return__"]
-            lines += ["Returning -> " + reprlib.repr(rv)]
-        lines += [""]
+            return "Returning -> " + reprlib.repr(rv)
 
+    def _locals(self):
+        return {
+            k: v for k, v in self.curframe_locals.items() if k != "__return__"
+        }
+
+    def format_stack_entry(self, frame_lineno, lprefix=": "):
+        frame, lineno = frame_lineno
+        lines = [self._header(frame, lineno) + "\n"]
+        if line := self._code_line(frame, lineno):
+            lines.append(line + "\n")
+        lines.append(f"Locals: {pformat(self._locals())}")
+        if return_value := self._return_value(frame):
+            lines.append(return_value)
+        lines.append("")
         return "\n".join(lines)
 
 
@@ -47,11 +58,10 @@ def set_trace(*, header=None):
     pdb.set_trace(sys._getframe().f_back)
 
 
+@contextlib.contextmanager
 def debug_with_locals():
     sys.breakpointhook = set_trace
-
-
-def reset_debug():
+    yield
     sys.breakpointhook = sys.__breakpointhook__
 
 
@@ -68,5 +78,7 @@ def main():
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    debug_with_locals()
+    # enter "continue" before main finishes the first time
+    with debug_with_locals():
+        main()
     main()

From e11a3de345181f3f2b0359af6babb8edad492782 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Jun 2023 12:29:19 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 06/17] =?UTF-8?q?cleanup=20=E2=80=93=20merged=20std=20io?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py  |  7 ++--
 src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py     |  5 +--
 src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py |  7 ++--
 src/systems-swamp/stderr.py          | 26 -------------
 src/systems-swamp/stdin.py           | 46 -----------------------
 src/systems-swamp/stdio.py           | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/systems-swamp/stdout.py          | 25 -------------
 src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py  |  2 +-
 8 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 108 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/stderr.py
 delete mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/stdin.py
 create mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
 delete mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/stdout.py

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
index c5865df..fc30a62 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 class PdbLocals(Pdb):
     """Pdb... with locals (and some minor formatting)"""
 
-    def _short_path(self, filename) -> Path:
+    def _short_path(self, filename):
         try:
             return Path(filename).resolve().relative_to(Path.cwd())
         except ValueError:
@@ -35,16 +35,17 @@ def _return_value(self, frame):
             return "Returning -> " + reprlib.repr(rv)
 
     def _locals(self):
-        return {
+        local_values = {
             k: v for k, v in self.curframe_locals.items() if k != "__return__"
         }
+        return f"Locals: {pformat(local_values)}"
 
     def format_stack_entry(self, frame_lineno, lprefix=": "):
         frame, lineno = frame_lineno
         lines = [self._header(frame, lineno) + "\n"]
         if line := self._code_line(frame, lineno):
             lines.append(line + "\n")
-        lines.append(f"Locals: {pformat(self._locals())}")
+        lines.append(self._locals())
         if return_value := self._return_value(frame):
             lines.append(return_value)
         lines.append("")
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py b/src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py
index 2fba0e1..45aa6cc 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py
@@ -10,10 +10,9 @@
 
 def activate_pretty():
     def hook(value):
+        if value is not None:
+            pprint(value)
         builtins._ = value
-        if value is None:
-            return
-        pprint(value)
 
     sys.displayhook = hook
 
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py b/src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py
index 7bcf445..e866474 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py
@@ -13,16 +13,15 @@
 
 BANNER = """
 ********************************************************************************
-******************** We in the interactive session, babey! *********************
+*********************** Remember to like and subscribe *************************
 ********************************************************************************
 """
 
 
 def displayhook(value):
+    if value is not None:
+        pprint(value)
     builtins._ = value
-    if value is None:
-        return
-    pprint(value)
 
 
 def _startup():
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/stderr.py b/src/systems-swamp/stderr.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e3fa9a3..0000000
--- a/src/systems-swamp/stderr.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-"""For real projects, use contextlib.redirect_stderr instead"""
-import contextlib
-import sys
-from io import StringIO
-from textwrap import indent
-from typing import TextIO, TypeVar
-
-T = TypeVar("T", bound=TextIO)
-
-
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def redirect_stderr(target: T) -> T:
-    sys.stderr = target
-    yield target
-    sys.stderr = sys.__stderr__
-
-
-with redirect_stderr(StringIO()) as f:
-    try:
-        1 / 0
-    except ZeroDivisionError as e:
-        sys.excepthook(ZeroDivisionError, e, e.__traceback__)
-
-
-print("And the error is:")
-print(indent(f.getvalue(), "> "))
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/stdin.py b/src/systems-swamp/stdin.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 645448c..0000000
--- a/src/systems-swamp/stdin.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-"""No contextlib option!"""
-import builtins
-import contextlib
-import sys
-from io import StringIO
-from typing import TextIO
-
-SAVED_INPUT = input
-
-
-def _input(prompt):
-    result = SAVED_INPUT(prompt)
-    print(result)
-    return result
-
-
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def redirect_stdin(target: TextIO):
-    sys.stdin = target
-    builtins.input = _input
-    yield
-    sys.stdout = sys.__stdin__
-    builtins.input = SAVED_INPUT
-
-
-menu = """
-1) egg and spam
-2) egg bacon and spam
-3) egg bacon sausage and spam
-4) spam bacon sausage and spam
-5) spam egg spam spam bacon and spam
-6) spam sausage spam spam bacon spam tomato and spam
-""".strip()
-
-stdin = StringIO("Have you got anything without spam?\n1\n")
-
-with redirect_stdin(stdin):
-    print("We've got:")
-    print(menu)
-    choice = input("> ")
-    while not choice.isdigit() or int(choice) not in range(1, 7):
-        print("No, we've got:")
-        print(menu)
-        choice = input("> ")
-    print("Excellent choice!")
-    print("Spam spam spam spam. Lovely spam! Wonderful spam!")
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py b/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45d7d8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+"""Note: for stdout and stderr use contextlib.redirect_{stderr|stdout}"""
+import builtins
+import contextlib
+import sys
+from io import StringIO
+from textwrap import indent
+from typing import Any, TextIO, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=TextIO)
+
+SAVED_INPUT = input
+
+
+def _input(prompt: Any) -> str:
+    result = SAVED_INPUT(prompt)
+    print(result)
+    return result
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def redirect_stdin(target: TextIO, write_to_stdout: bool = False):
+    sys.stdin = target
+    if write_to_stdout:
+        builtins.input = _input
+    yield
+    sys.stdin = sys.__stdin__
+    if write_to_stdout:
+        builtins.input = SAVED_INPUT
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def redirect_stdout(target: T) -> T:
+    sys.stdout = target
+    yield target
+    sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def redirect_stderr(target: T) -> T:
+    sys.stderr = target
+    yield target
+    sys.stderr = sys.__stderr__
+
+
+with (
+    redirect_stdin(StringIO("Some redirected stdin\n")),
+    redirect_stdout(StringIO()) as stdout,
+    redirect_stderr(StringIO()) as stderr,
+):
+    value = input("Input: ")
+    print(f"Some stdout, with the input value of `{value}`")
+    print("Some stderr", file=sys.stderr)
+
+print("The stdout:", indent(stdout.getvalue(), "> "), sep="\n")
+print("The stderr:", indent(stderr.getvalue(), "> "), sep="\n")
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/stdout.py b/src/systems-swamp/stdout.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e343f5..0000000
--- a/src/systems-swamp/stdout.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-"""For real projects, use contextlib.redirect_stdout instead"""
-import contextlib
-import sys
-from io import StringIO
-from textwrap import indent
-from typing import TextIO, TypeVar
-
-T = TypeVar("T", bound=TextIO)
-
-
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def redirect_stdout(target: T) -> T:
-    sys.stdout = target
-    yield target
-    sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
-
-
-with redirect_stdout(StringIO()) as f:
-    print("How much foo could a foo bar bar if a foo bar could bar foo?")
-    print("A foo bar could bar as much foo as a foo bar could bar")
-    print("if a foo bar could bar foo")
-
-
-print("And the stdout was:")
-print(indent(f.getvalue(), "> "))
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py b/src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py
index 35c9032..f8c10c4 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def silence_unraiseables():
-    sys.unraisablehook = lambda *args, **kwargs: ...
+    sys.unraisablehook = lambda *args, **kwargs: None
     yield
     sys.unraisablehook = sys.__unraisablehook__
 

From 6b2686f0803c393f1b2985f8c7ff33343d50d5f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Jun 2023 14:48:05 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 07/17] added exceptions and stdio

---
 src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py       | 98 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/systems-swamp/stdio.py            |  3 +-
 src/systems-swamp/suppress_context.py | 17 -----
 3 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
 delete mode 100644 src/systems-swamp/suppress_context.py

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py b/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d2a252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+SUPPRESSED_HEADER = "(But the context was suppressed (__suppress_context__))"
+CONTEXT_HEADER = (
+    "- The above error happened while handling this error (__context__):"
+)
+CAUSE_HEADER = (
+    "- The above error was caused by the following error (__cause__):"
+)
+
+
+def print_context(exception: BaseException, pad: int = 0):
+    print(" " * (pad - 2) + CONTEXT_HEADER)
+    if exception.__suppress_context__:
+        print(" " * pad + SUPPRESSED_HEADER)
+    print_error(exception.__context__, pad=pad + 4)
+
+
+def print_cause(exception: BaseException, pad: int = 0):
+    print(" " * (pad - 2) + CAUSE_HEADER)
+    print_error(exception.__cause__, pad=pad + 4)
+
+
+def print_error(exception: BaseException, pad: int = 0):
+    print(f"{' ' * pad}{type(exception).__name__}: {exception}")
+    if exception.__context__ is not None:
+        print_context(exception, pad=pad + 4)
+    if exception.__cause__ is not None:
+        print_cause(exception, pad=pad + 4)
+
+
+class ExplainErrors:
+    def __enter__(self):
+        ...
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        print_error(exc_val, pad=4)
+        print()
+        return True
+
+
+print("Regular Exception:")
+with ExplainErrors():
+    result = 1 / 0
+
+print("Exception with context:")
+with ExplainErrors():
+    try:
+        result = 1 / 0
+    except ZeroDivisionError:
+        raise ValueError("Can't use 0")
+
+print("Exception with suppressed context:")
+with ExplainErrors():
+    try:
+        result = 1 / 0
+    except ZeroDivisionError:
+        raise ValueError("Can't use 0") from None
+
+print("Exception with cause (and suppressed context)")
+with ExplainErrors():
+    try:
+        result = 1 / 0
+    except ZeroDivisionError as e:
+        raise ValueError("Can't use 0") from e
+
+print("Exception with cause (and different suppressed context):")
+with ExplainErrors():
+    try:
+        result = 1 / 0
+    except ZeroDivisionError:
+        raise ValueError("Can't use 0") from Exception("Another exception")
+
+print("Exception with cause and context (unsuppressed):")
+with ExplainErrors():
+    try:
+        result = 1 / 0
+    except ZeroDivisionError:
+        err = ValueError("Can't use 0")
+        err.__cause__ = Exception("Another exception")
+        err.__suppress_context__ = False
+        raise err
+
+print("Manually creating an error with cause and context:")
+with ExplainErrors():
+    err = Exception("The exception")
+    err.__context__ = Exception("The context")
+    err.__cause__ = Exception("The cause")
+    err.__suppress_context__ = False
+    raise err
+
+print("Nested Errors Example:")
+with ExplainErrors():
+    try:
+        try:
+            raise Exception("The initial Exception")
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Exception("Inside the inner try") from e
+    except Exception:
+        raise Exception("Inside the outer try") from None
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py b/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
index 45d7d8c..955d5ce 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-"""Note: for stdout and stderr use contextlib.redirect_{stderr|stdout}"""
 import builtins
 import contextlib
 import sys
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ def redirect_stdin(target: TextIO, write_to_stdout: bool = False):
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def redirect_stdout(target: T) -> T:
+    """Example only, use contextlib.redirect_stdout instead"""
     sys.stdout = target
     yield target
     sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ def redirect_stdout(target: T) -> T:
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def redirect_stderr(target: T) -> T:
+    """Example only, use contextlib.redirect_stderr instead"""
     sys.stderr = target
     yield target
     sys.stderr = sys.__stderr__
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/suppress_context.py b/src/systems-swamp/suppress_context.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a74d342..0000000
--- a/src/systems-swamp/suppress_context.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-"""Forces __suppress_context__ to be false when an exception is raised"""
-
-
-class ForceContext:
-    def __enter__(self):
-        ...
-
-    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-        exc_val.__suppress_context__ = False
-        return False
-
-
-with ForceContext():
-    try:
-        1 / 0
-    except ZeroDivisionError:
-        raise ValueError("Something went wrong!") from None

From 91d8c23ac2ba76cff4a3b69e641d516fae5dc05b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Jun 2023 15:06:55 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 08/17] reformatted examples

---
 src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py  | 43 ++++++++++++++--------------
 src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py |  4 +--
 src/systems-swamp/stdio.py           |  2 ++
 src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py  |  1 +
 4 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
index fc30a62..1100c39 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/breakpointhook.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-"""Adds locals to default Pdb debugger at `breakpoint()`"""
 import contextlib
 import linecache
 import reprlib
@@ -10,7 +9,9 @@
 
 
 class PdbLocals(Pdb):
-    """Pdb... with locals (and some minor formatting)"""
+    """
+    Adds locals + extra formatting to default Pdb debugger at `breakpoint()`
+    """
 
     def _short_path(self, filename):
         try:
@@ -18,38 +19,38 @@ def _short_path(self, filename):
         except ValueError:
             return Path(filename).resolve()
 
-    def _header(self, frame, lineno):
-        name = frame.f_code.co_name if frame.f_code.co_name else "<lambda>"
-        filename = self._short_path(frame.f_code.co_filename)
+    def _header(self, lineno):
+        name = self.curframe.f_code.co_name or "<lambda>"
+        filename = self._short_path(self.curframe.f_code.co_filename)
         return f'File "{filename}" line {lineno} in {name}'
 
-    def _code_line(self, frame, lineno):
+    def _code_line(self, lineno):
         if lineno is not None:
-            path = self.canonic(frame.f_code.co_filename)
-            if line := linecache.getline(path, lineno, frame.f_globals):
+            path = self.canonic(self.curframe.f_code.co_filename)
+            if line := linecache.getline(path, lineno, self.curframe.f_globals):
                 return indent(line.strip(), " " * 4)
 
-    def _return_value(self, frame):
-        if "__return__" in frame.f_locals:
-            rv = frame.f_locals["__return__"]
+    def _return_value(self):
+        if "__return__" in self.curframe.f_locals:
+            rv = self.curframe.f_locals["__return__"]
             return "Returning -> " + reprlib.repr(rv)
 
     def _locals(self):
         local_values = {
             k: v for k, v in self.curframe_locals.items() if k != "__return__"
         }
-        return f"Locals: {pformat(local_values)}"
+        result = f"Locals: {pformat(local_values)}"
+        if return_value := self._return_value():
+            result += "\n" + return_value
+        return result
 
     def format_stack_entry(self, frame_lineno, lprefix=": "):
-        frame, lineno = frame_lineno
-        lines = [self._header(frame, lineno) + "\n"]
-        if line := self._code_line(frame, lineno):
-            lines.append(line + "\n")
+        _, lineno = frame_lineno
+        lines = [self._header(lineno)]
+        if line := self._code_line(lineno):
+            lines.append(line)
         lines.append(self._locals())
-        if return_value := self._return_value(frame):
-            lines.append(return_value)
-        lines.append("")
-        return "\n".join(lines)
+        return "\n\n".join(lines) + "\n"
 
 
 def set_trace(*, header=None):
@@ -79,7 +80,5 @@ def main():
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    # enter "continue" before main finishes the first time
     with debug_with_locals():
         main()
-    main()
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py b/src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py
index e866474..814d00b 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/interactivehook.py
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ def displayhook(value):
     builtins._ = value
 
 
-def _startup():
+def interactivehook():
     print(BANNER)
     sys.displayhook = displayhook
 
 
-sys.__interactivehook__ = _startup
+sys.__interactivehook__ = interactivehook
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py b/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
index 955d5ce..7b3ce2d 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ def redirect_stderr(target: T) -> T:
     value = input("Input: ")
     print(f"Some stdout, with the input value of `{value}`")
     print("Some stderr", file=sys.stderr)
+    print(f"Some more stdout")
+    print("Some more stderr", file=sys.stderr)
 
 print("The stdout:", indent(stdout.getvalue(), "> "), sep="\n")
 print("The stderr:", indent(stderr.getvalue(), "> "), sep="\n")
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py b/src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py
index f8c10c4..30f30a0 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/unraisablehook.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ def __del__(self):
     Foo()
     print("Done", file=sys.stderr)
 
+print(file=sys.stderr)
 
 print("Making Foo with regular hook:", file=sys.stderr)
 Foo()

From 7f38e7649c9dd581e1972627d68b84022738be23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Jun 2023 15:17:39 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 09/17] added some docstrings

---
 src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py | 2 +-
 src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py | 1 +
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py b/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py
index 03e66dd..e904bd3 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-"""Makes error messages sArCaStIc"""
 import sys
 from contextlib import redirect_stderr
 from io import StringIO
@@ -11,6 +10,7 @@ def memeify(value: str) -> str:
 
 
 def sarcastic_excepthook(type, value, traceback):
+    """Makes error messages sArCaStIc"""
     with redirect_stderr(StringIO()) as f:
         sys.__excepthook__(type, value, traceback)
     message = memeify(f.getvalue())
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py b/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
index 9d2a252..9c33e67 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ def print_error(exception: BaseException, pad: int = 0):
 
 
 class ExplainErrors:
+    """Explains and suppresses any exceptions raised"""
     def __enter__(self):
         ...
 

From 04f9b41b402749a9fd5b0ac4890ef3f53f360343 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Jun 2023 15:31:19 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 10/17] Update exceptions.py

---
 src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py b/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
index 9c33e67..287d8d3 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ def print_error(exception: BaseException, pad: int = 0):
 
 class ExplainErrors:
     """Explains and suppresses any exceptions raised"""
+
     def __enter__(self):
         ...
 

From 89dccc37101e498f42005ac28984f8b4044d29a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Jun 2023 15:34:39 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 11/17] Update stdio.py

---
 src/systems-swamp/stdio.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py b/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
index 7b3ce2d..f4f0ef8 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def redirect_stderr(target: T) -> T:
     value = input("Input: ")
     print(f"Some stdout, with the input value of `{value}`")
     print("Some stderr", file=sys.stderr)
-    print(f"Some more stdout")
+    print("Some more stdout")
     print("Some more stderr", file=sys.stderr)
 
 print("The stdout:", indent(stdout.getvalue(), "> "), sep="\n")

From efaffa7a73335aa19f6bc736b32f9f3d326a75ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Jun 2023 12:57:25 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 12/17] Update displayhook.py

---
 src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py | 7 +++++--
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py b/src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py
index 45aa6cc..c402acc 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/displayhook.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """
-When in an interactive session – import these functions and call
-activate_pretty to pretty print the result of all expressions
+Run in interactive mode (-i) or import this in an interactive session to
+pretty print the result of all expressions
 """
 
 import builtins
@@ -19,3 +19,6 @@ def hook(value):
 
 def deactivate_pretty():
     sys.displayhook = sys.__displayhook__
+
+
+activate_pretty()

From b1e516de268fa2689e7fbb5e24b55a9a27d8b915 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Jun 2023 13:09:04 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 13/17] Update stdio.py

---
 src/systems-swamp/stdio.py | 13 ++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py b/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
index f4f0ef8..89599b5 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/stdio.py
@@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
 import builtins
 import contextlib
 import sys
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from io import StringIO
 from textwrap import indent
-from typing import Any, TextIO, TypeVar
+from typing import TextIO, TypeVar
 
 T = TypeVar("T", bound=TextIO)
 
 SAVED_INPUT = input
 
 
-def _input(prompt: Any) -> str:
+def _input(prompt: object) -> str:
     result = SAVED_INPUT(prompt)
     print(result)
     return result
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def redirect_stdin(target: TextIO, write_to_stdout: bool = False):
+def redirect_stdin(
+    target: TextIO, *, write_to_stdout: bool = False
+) -> Iterator[None]:
     sys.stdin = target
     if write_to_stdout:
         builtins.input = _input
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@ def redirect_stdin(target: TextIO, write_to_stdout: bool = False):
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def redirect_stdout(target: T) -> T:
+def redirect_stdout(target: T) -> Iterator[T]:
     """Example only, use contextlib.redirect_stdout instead"""
     sys.stdout = target
     yield target
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ def redirect_stdout(target: T) -> T:
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def redirect_stderr(target: T) -> T:
+def redirect_stderr(target: T) -> Iterator[T]:
     """Example only, use contextlib.redirect_stderr instead"""
     sys.stderr = target
     yield target

From 6f35091a007c9d551288b8b40d58a4635dab19c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Jun 2023 13:09:52 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 14/17] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: trag1c <trag1cdev@yahoo.com>
---
 src/module-mesa/file/file.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/module-mesa/file/file.py b/src/module-mesa/file/file.py
index 16f0ae1..e055ac4 100644
--- a/src/module-mesa/file/file.py
+++ b/src/module-mesa/file/file.py
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
 
 ASSETS = (Path(__file__) / ".." / "assets").resolve()
 
-with open(ASSETS / "haiku.txt", "r") as f:
+with (ASSETS / "haiku.txt").open() as f:
     print(f.read())

From 4abee02473c47b9a266573127b5a355537123e4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Jun 2023 23:46:47 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 15/17] Update src/module-mesa/file/file.py

Co-authored-by: trag1c <trag1cdev@yahoo.com>
---
 src/module-mesa/file/file.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/module-mesa/file/file.py b/src/module-mesa/file/file.py
index e055ac4..117e005 100644
--- a/src/module-mesa/file/file.py
+++ b/src/module-mesa/file/file.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Sets a directory relative to _this_ file"""
 from pathlib import Path
 
-ASSETS = (Path(__file__) / ".." / "assets").resolve()
+ASSETS = Path(__file__).parent / "assets"
 
 with (ASSETS / "haiku.txt").open() as f:
     print(f.read())

From 8b0758698df919330d1f984fe18c2aa46c186e20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Jun 2023 10:49:33 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 16/17] update exc types

---
 src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py |  8 +++++++-
 src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py | 22 +++++++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py b/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py
index e904bd3..9210db6 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import sys
 from contextlib import redirect_stderr
 from io import StringIO
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Type
 
 
 def memeify(value: str) -> str:
@@ -9,7 +11,11 @@ def memeify(value: str) -> str:
     )
 
 
-def sarcastic_excepthook(type, value, traceback):
+def sarcastic_excepthook(
+    type: Type[BaseException],
+    value: BaseException,
+    traceback: TracebackType,
+):
     """Makes error messages sArCaStIc"""
     with redirect_stderr(StringIO()) as f:
         sys.__excepthook__(type, value, traceback)
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py b/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
index 287d8d3..c734361 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Type
+
 SUPPRESSED_HEADER = "(But the context was suppressed (__suppress_context__))"
 CONTEXT_HEADER = (
     "- The above error happened while handling this error (__context__):"
@@ -33,9 +36,15 @@ class ExplainErrors:
     def __enter__(self):
         ...
 
-    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-        print_error(exc_val, pad=4)
-        print()
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        if exc_val is not None:
+            print_error(exc_val, pad=4)
+            print()
         return True
 
 
@@ -50,6 +59,13 @@ def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
     except ZeroDivisionError:
         raise ValueError("Can't use 0")
 
+print("Another Exception with context:")
+with ExplainErrors():
+    try:
+        result = 1 / 0
+    except ZeroDivisionError:
+        result = "a" + 3
+
 print("Exception with suppressed context:")
 with ExplainErrors():
     try:

From 6dd4531838f580b8d55c7c7a21876444f567b446 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Ansley <31982662+James-Ansley@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Jun 2023 09:52:55 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 17/17] update types

---
 src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py | 11 +++++------
 src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py | 11 +++++------
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py b/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py
index 9210db6..87e44d6 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/excepthook.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 from contextlib import redirect_stderr
 from io import StringIO
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import Type
 
 
 def memeify(value: str) -> str:
@@ -12,13 +11,13 @@ def memeify(value: str) -> str:
 
 
 def sarcastic_excepthook(
-    type: Type[BaseException],
-    value: BaseException,
-    traceback: TracebackType,
-):
+    exc_type: type[BaseException],
+    exc_val: BaseException,
+    exc_tb: TracebackType,
+) -> None:
     """Makes error messages sArCaStIc"""
     with redirect_stderr(StringIO()) as f:
-        sys.__excepthook__(type, value, traceback)
+        sys.__excepthook__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
     message = memeify(f.getvalue())
     print(message, file=sys.stderr)
 
diff --git a/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py b/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
index c734361..0f3341b 100644
--- a/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
+++ b/src/systems-swamp/exceptions.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import Type
 
 SUPPRESSED_HEADER = "(But the context was suppressed (__suppress_context__))"
 CONTEXT_HEADER = (
@@ -10,19 +9,19 @@
 )
 
 
-def print_context(exception: BaseException, pad: int = 0):
+def print_context(exception: BaseException, pad: int = 0) -> None:
     print(" " * (pad - 2) + CONTEXT_HEADER)
     if exception.__suppress_context__:
         print(" " * pad + SUPPRESSED_HEADER)
     print_error(exception.__context__, pad=pad + 4)
 
 
-def print_cause(exception: BaseException, pad: int = 0):
+def print_cause(exception: BaseException, pad: int = 0) -> None:
     print(" " * (pad - 2) + CAUSE_HEADER)
     print_error(exception.__cause__, pad=pad + 4)
 
 
-def print_error(exception: BaseException, pad: int = 0):
+def print_error(exception: BaseException, pad: int = 0) -> None:
     print(f"{' ' * pad}{type(exception).__name__}: {exception}")
     if exception.__context__ is not None:
         print_context(exception, pad=pad + 4)
@@ -33,12 +32,12 @@ def print_error(exception: BaseException, pad: int = 0):
 class ExplainErrors:
     """Explains and suppresses any exceptions raised"""
 
-    def __enter__(self):
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
         ...
 
     def __exit__(
         self,
-        exc_type: Type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
         exc_val: BaseException | None,
         exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
     ) -> bool: