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ubuntu 新机器配置指南

1. 更新源设置

1.1 备份原 更新源 列表

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

1.2 更新源设置

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list，全部替换为如下内容

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted  
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted  
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted  
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse  
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties  
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner  
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted  
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

2. 准备工作

2.1 更新系统

sudo apt-get upgrade

2.2 安装常用软件

sudo apt-get install sshfs nfs-common lvm2 dkms

可能系统分辨率会有变化，先不用管，之后安装显卡驱动之后即可

sudo apt-get install build-essential libopencv-dev python-opencv git htop vim python-dev tmux python-pip python-all-dev libatlas-base-dev gfortran openssh-server libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler libboost-all-dev libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev graphviz unzip

2.3 安装常用python包

sudo pip install numpy jupyter pandas scipy scikit-learn matplotlib graphviz easydict

3.显卡驱动和cuda, cuDNN

3.1 显卡驱动安装

  • sudo apt-get update
  • sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia*
  • sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
  • sudo apt-get install nvidia-378
  • sudo apt-get install mesa-common-dev
  • sudo apt-get install freeglut3-dev
  • -----重启系统 reboot----------
  • sudo apt-get reboot

3.2 显卡驱动测试

  • nvidia-smi
  • nvidia-settings

3.3 安装cuda 8.0

  • 下载文件 wget https://developer.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/8.0/Prod2/local_installers/cuda_8.0.61_375.26_linux-run

  • 更改文件权限 chmod +x cuda_8.0.61_375.26_linux-run

  • 安装cuda sudo sh cuda_8.0.61_375.26_linux-run

    • ！！！务必注意，询问是否安装 nvidia driver时，选择no

  • 添加cuda路径

    • sudo gedit ~/.bashrc
    • 在最后添加
      • export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}
      • export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}
    • sudo gedit /etc/profile
      • 最后添加 export PATH = /usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH
    • sudo vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/cuda.conf
      • 添加/usr/local/cuda/lib64
    • 更新配置 sudo ldconfig
    • -------------test----------
    • cd /usr/local/cuda-8.0/samples/1_Utilities/deviceQuery
    • sudo make
    • sudo ./deviceQuery then GPU info appears. Result = pass

3.4 安装cuDNN 5

Download cudnn 5.1 for linux from https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn

  1. tar xvzf cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v5.1-ga.tgz
  2. sudo cp -P cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/include
  3. sudo cp -P cuda/lib64/libcudnn* /usr/local/cuda/lib64
  4. sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn*
  5. sudo ldconfig

4 安装opencv 3.2

Required Packages

[compiler] sudo apt-get install build-essential
[required] sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
[optional] sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

Download opencv for linux from http://opencv.org/downloads.html.

  1. unzip opencv-3.2.0.zip
  2. cp opencv-3.2.0
  3. make build && cp build
  4. cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D WITH_CUDA=OFF ..
  5. make -j $(nproc)
  6. sudo make install
  7. pip install opencv-python
  8. sudo vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf 添加 /usr/local/lib
  9. sudo ldconfig
  10. test: 进入python ,then import cv2