diff --git a/test/controllers/api/changesets_controller_test.rb b/test/controllers/api/changesets_controller_test.rb
index 8e4ba6ed412..8efa37d875a 100644
--- a/test/controllers/api/changesets_controller_test.rb
+++ b/test/controllers/api/changesets_controller_test.rb
@@ -1606,6 +1606,107 @@ def test_upload_multiple_delete_block
       assert_equal "Precondition failed: Node #{node.id} is still used by ways #{way.id}.", @response.body
     end
 
+    ##
+    # test initial rate limit
+    def test_upload_initial_rate_limit
+      # create a user
+      user = create(:user)
+
+      # create some objects to use
+      node = create(:node)
+      way = create(:way_with_nodes, :nodes_count => 2)
+      relation = create(:relation)
+
+      # create a changeset that puts us near the initial rate limit
+      changeset = create(:changeset, :user => user,
+                                     :created_at => Time.now.utc - 5.minutes,
+                                     :num_changes => Settings.initial_changes_per_hour - 2)
+
+      # create authentication header
+      auth_header = basic_authorization_header user.email, "test"
+
+      # simple diff to create a node way and relation using placeholders
+      diff = <<~CHANGESET
+        <osmChange>
+         <create>
+          <node id='-1' lon='0' lat='0' changeset='#{changeset.id}'>
+           <tag k='foo' v='bar'/>
+           <tag k='baz' v='bat'/>
+          </node>
+          <way id='-1' changeset='#{changeset.id}'>
+           <nd ref='#{node.id}'/>
+          </way>
+         </create>
+         <create>
+          <relation id='-1' changeset='#{changeset.id}'>
+           <member type='way' role='some' ref='#{way.id}'/>
+           <member type='node' role='some' ref='#{node.id}'/>
+           <member type='relation' role='some' ref='#{relation.id}'/>
+          </relation>
+         </create>
+        </osmChange>
+      CHANGESET
+
+      # upload it
+      post changeset_upload_path(changeset), :params => diff, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "upload did not hit rate limit"
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # test maximum rate limit
+    def test_upload_maximum_rate_limit
+      # create a user
+      user = create(:user)
+
+      # create some objects to use
+      node = create(:node)
+      way = create(:way_with_nodes, :nodes_count => 2)
+      relation = create(:relation)
+
+      # create a changeset to establish our initial edit time
+      changeset = create(:changeset, :user => user,
+                                     :created_at => Time.now.utc - 28.days)
+
+      # create changeset to put us near the maximum rate limit
+      total_changes = Settings.max_changes_per_hour - 2
+      while total_changes.positive?
+        changes = [total_changes, Changeset::MAX_ELEMENTS].min
+        changeset = create(:changeset, :user => user,
+                                       :created_at => Time.now.utc - 5.minutes,
+                                       :num_changes => changes)
+        total_changes -= changes
+      end
+
+      # create authentication header
+      auth_header = basic_authorization_header user.email, "test"
+
+      # simple diff to create a node way and relation using placeholders
+      diff = <<~CHANGESET
+        <osmChange>
+         <create>
+          <node id='-1' lon='0' lat='0' changeset='#{changeset.id}'>
+           <tag k='foo' v='bar'/>
+           <tag k='baz' v='bat'/>
+          </node>
+          <way id='-1' changeset='#{changeset.id}'>
+           <nd ref='#{node.id}'/>
+          </way>
+         </create>
+         <create>
+          <relation id='-1' changeset='#{changeset.id}'>
+           <member type='way' role='some' ref='#{way.id}'/>
+           <member type='node' role='some' ref='#{node.id}'/>
+           <member type='relation' role='some' ref='#{relation.id}'/>
+          </relation>
+         </create>
+        </osmChange>
+      CHANGESET
+
+      # upload it
+      post changeset_upload_path(changeset), :params => diff, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "upload did not hit rate limit"
+    end
+
     ##
     # when we make some simple changes we get the same changes back from the
     # diff download.
diff --git a/test/controllers/api/nodes_controller_test.rb b/test/controllers/api/nodes_controller_test.rb
index 2d827a07733..7becffddcdd 100644
--- a/test/controllers/api/nodes_controller_test.rb
+++ b/test/controllers/api/nodes_controller_test.rb
@@ -558,6 +558,91 @@ def test_string_injection
       assert_includes apinode.tags, "\#{@user.inspect}"
     end
 
+    ##
+    # test initial rate limit
+    def test_initial_rate_limit
+      # create a user
+      user = create(:user)
+
+      # create a changeset that puts us near the initial rate limit
+      changeset = create(:changeset, :user => user,
+                                     :created_at => Time.now.utc - 5.minutes,
+                                     :num_changes => Settings.initial_changes_per_hour - 1)
+
+      # create authentication header
+      auth_header = basic_authorization_header user.email, "test"
+
+      # try creating a node
+      xml = "<osm><node lat='0' lon='0' changeset='#{changeset.id}'/></osm>"
+      put node_create_path, :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :success, "node create did not return success status"
+
+      # get the id of the node we created
+      nodeid = @response.body
+
+      # try updating the node, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><node id='#{nodeid}' version='1' lat='1' lon='1' changeset='#{changeset.id}'/></osm>"
+      put api_node_path(nodeid), :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "node update did not hit rate limit"
+
+      # try deleting the node, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><node id='#{nodeid}' version='2' lat='1' lon='1' changeset='#{changeset.id}'/></osm>"
+      delete api_node_path(nodeid), :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "node delete did not hit rate limit"
+
+      # try creating a node, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><node lat='0' lon='0' changeset='#{changeset.id}'/></osm>"
+      put node_create_path, :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "node create did not hit rate limit"
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # test maximum rate limit
+    def test_maximum_rate_limit
+      # create a user
+      user = create(:user)
+
+      # create a changeset to establish our initial edit time
+      changeset = create(:changeset, :user => user,
+                                     :created_at => Time.now.utc - 28.days)
+
+      # create changeset to put us near the maximum rate limit
+      total_changes = Settings.max_changes_per_hour - 1
+      while total_changes.positive?
+        changes = [total_changes, Changeset::MAX_ELEMENTS].min
+        changeset = create(:changeset, :user => user,
+                                       :created_at => Time.now.utc - 5.minutes,
+                                       :num_changes => changes)
+        total_changes -= changes
+      end
+
+      # create authentication header
+      auth_header = basic_authorization_header user.email, "test"
+
+      # try creating a node
+      xml = "<osm><node lat='0' lon='0' changeset='#{changeset.id}'/></osm>"
+      put node_create_path, :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :success, "node create did not return success status"
+
+      # get the id of the node we created
+      nodeid = @response.body
+
+      # try updating the node, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><node id='#{nodeid}' version='1' lat='1' lon='1' changeset='#{changeset.id}'/></osm>"
+      put api_node_path(nodeid), :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "node update did not hit rate limit"
+
+      # try deleting the node, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><node id='#{nodeid}' version='2' lat='1' lon='1' changeset='#{changeset.id}'/></osm>"
+      delete api_node_path(nodeid), :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "node delete did not hit rate limit"
+
+      # try creating a node, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><node lat='0' lon='0' changeset='#{changeset.id}'/></osm>"
+      put node_create_path, :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "node create did not hit rate limit"
+    end
+
     private
 
     ##
diff --git a/test/controllers/api/relations_controller_test.rb b/test/controllers/api/relations_controller_test.rb
index cdef1f5bac8..e6f507d3a84 100644
--- a/test/controllers/api/relations_controller_test.rb
+++ b/test/controllers/api/relations_controller_test.rb
@@ -906,6 +906,117 @@ def test_remove_all_members
       end
     end
 
+    ##
+    # test initial rate limit
+    def test_initial_rate_limit
+      # create a user
+      user = create(:user)
+
+      # create some nodes
+      node1 = create(:node)
+      node2 = create(:node)
+
+      # create a changeset that puts us near the initial rate limit
+      changeset = create(:changeset, :user => user,
+                                     :created_at => Time.now.utc - 5.minutes,
+                                     :num_changes => Settings.initial_changes_per_hour - 1)
+
+      # create authentication header
+      auth_header = basic_authorization_header user.email, "test"
+
+      # try creating a relation
+      xml = "<osm><relation changeset='#{changeset.id}'>" \
+            "<member  ref='#{node1.id}' type='node' role='some'/>" \
+            "<member  ref='#{node2.id}' type='node' role='some'/>" \
+            "<tag k='test' v='yes' /></relation></osm>"
+      put relation_create_path, :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :success, "relation create did not return success status"
+
+      # get the id of the relation we created
+      relationid = @response.body
+
+      # try updating the relation, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><relation id='#{relationid}' version='1' changeset='#{changeset.id}'>" \
+            "<member  ref='#{node2.id}' type='node' role='some'/>" \
+            "<member  ref='#{node1.id}' type='node' role='some'/>" \
+            "<tag k='test' v='yes' /></relation></osm>"
+      put api_relation_path(relationid), :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "relation update did not hit rate limit"
+
+      # try deleting the relation, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><relation id='#{relationid}' version='2' changeset='#{changeset.id}'/></osm>"
+      delete api_relation_path(relationid), :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "relation delete did not hit rate limit"
+
+      # try creating a relation, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><relation changeset='#{changeset.id}'>" \
+            "<member  ref='#{node1.id}' type='node' role='some'/>" \
+            "<member  ref='#{node2.id}' type='node' role='some'/>" \
+            "<tag k='test' v='yes' /></relation></osm>"
+      put relation_create_path, :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "relation create did not hit rate limit"
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # test maximum rate limit
+    def test_maximum_rate_limit
+      # create a user
+      user = create(:user)
+
+      # create some nodes
+      node1 = create(:node)
+      node2 = create(:node)
+
+      # create a changeset to establish our initial edit time
+      changeset = create(:changeset, :user => user,
+                                     :created_at => Time.now.utc - 28.days)
+
+      # create changeset to put us near the maximum rate limit
+      total_changes = Settings.max_changes_per_hour - 1
+      while total_changes.positive?
+        changes = [total_changes, Changeset::MAX_ELEMENTS].min
+        changeset = create(:changeset, :user => user,
+                                       :created_at => Time.now.utc - 5.minutes,
+                                       :num_changes => changes)
+        total_changes -= changes
+      end
+
+      # create authentication header
+      auth_header = basic_authorization_header user.email, "test"
+
+      # try creating a relation
+      xml = "<osm><relation changeset='#{changeset.id}'>" \
+            "<member  ref='#{node1.id}' type='node' role='some'/>" \
+            "<member  ref='#{node2.id}' type='node' role='some'/>" \
+            "<tag k='test' v='yes' /></relation></osm>"
+      put relation_create_path, :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :success, "relation create did not return success status"
+
+      # get the id of the relation we created
+      relationid = @response.body
+
+      # try updating the relation, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><relation id='#{relationid}' version='1' changeset='#{changeset.id}'>" \
+            "<member  ref='#{node2.id}' type='node' role='some'/>" \
+            "<member  ref='#{node1.id}' type='node' role='some'/>" \
+            "<tag k='test' v='yes' /></relation></osm>"
+      put api_relation_path(relationid), :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "relation update did not hit rate limit"
+
+      # try deleting the relation, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><relation id='#{relationid}' version='2' changeset='#{changeset.id}'/></osm>"
+      delete api_relation_path(relationid), :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "relation delete did not hit rate limit"
+
+      # try creating a relation, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><relation changeset='#{changeset.id}'>" \
+            "<member  ref='#{node1.id}' type='node' role='some'/>" \
+            "<member  ref='#{node2.id}' type='node' role='some'/>" \
+            "<tag k='test' v='yes' /></relation></osm>"
+      put relation_create_path, :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "relation create did not hit rate limit"
+    end
+
     private
 
     def check_relations_for_element(path, type, id, expected_relations)
diff --git a/test/controllers/api/ways_controller_test.rb b/test/controllers/api/ways_controller_test.rb
index 2bed0e5d67e..791da8029f8 100644
--- a/test/controllers/api/ways_controller_test.rb
+++ b/test/controllers/api/ways_controller_test.rb
@@ -753,6 +753,111 @@ def test_ways_for_node
       end
     end
 
+    ##
+    # test initial rate limit
+    def test_initial_rate_limit
+      # create a user
+      user = create(:user)
+
+      # create some nodes
+      node1 = create(:node)
+      node2 = create(:node)
+
+      # create a changeset that puts us near the initial rate limit
+      changeset = create(:changeset, :user => user,
+                                     :created_at => Time.now.utc - 5.minutes,
+                                     :num_changes => Settings.initial_changes_per_hour - 1)
+
+      # create authentication header
+      auth_header = basic_authorization_header user.email, "test"
+
+      # try creating a way
+      xml = "<osm><way changeset='#{changeset.id}'>" \
+            "<nd ref='#{node1.id}'/><nd ref='#{node2.id}'/>" \
+            "<tag k='test' v='yes' /></way></osm>"
+      put way_create_path, :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :success, "way create did not return success status"
+
+      # get the id of the way we created
+      wayid = @response.body
+
+      # try updating the way, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><way id='#{wayid}' version='1' changeset='#{changeset.id}'>" \
+            "<nd ref='#{node2.id}'/><nd ref='#{node1.id}'/>" \
+            "<tag k='test' v='yes' /></way></osm>"
+      put api_way_path(wayid), :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "way update did not hit rate limit"
+
+      # try deleting the way, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><way id='#{wayid}' version='2' changeset='#{changeset.id}'/></osm>"
+      delete api_way_path(wayid), :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "way delete did not hit rate limit"
+
+      # try creating a way, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><way changeset='#{changeset.id}'>" \
+            "<nd ref='#{node1.id}'/><nd ref='#{node2.id}'/>" \
+            "<tag k='test' v='yes' /></way></osm>"
+      put way_create_path, :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "way create did not hit rate limit"
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # test maximum rate limit
+    def test_maximum_rate_limit
+      # create a user
+      user = create(:user)
+
+      # create some nodes
+      node1 = create(:node)
+      node2 = create(:node)
+
+      # create a changeset to establish our initial edit time
+      changeset = create(:changeset, :user => user,
+                                     :created_at => Time.now.utc - 28.days)
+
+      # create changeset to put us near the maximum rate limit
+      total_changes = Settings.max_changes_per_hour - 1
+      while total_changes.positive?
+        changes = [total_changes, Changeset::MAX_ELEMENTS].min
+        changeset = create(:changeset, :user => user,
+                                       :created_at => Time.now.utc - 5.minutes,
+                                       :num_changes => changes)
+        total_changes -= changes
+      end
+
+      # create authentication header
+      auth_header = basic_authorization_header user.email, "test"
+
+      # try creating a way
+      xml = "<osm><way changeset='#{changeset.id}'>" \
+            "<nd ref='#{node1.id}'/><nd ref='#{node2.id}'/>" \
+            "<tag k='test' v='yes' /></way></osm>"
+      put way_create_path, :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :success, "way create did not return success status"
+
+      # get the id of the way we created
+      wayid = @response.body
+
+      # try updating the way, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><way id='#{wayid}' version='1' changeset='#{changeset.id}'>" \
+            "<nd ref='#{node2.id}'/><nd ref='#{node1.id}'/>" \
+            "<tag k='test' v='yes' /></way></osm>"
+      put api_way_path(wayid), :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "way update did not hit rate limit"
+
+      # try deleting the way, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><way id='#{wayid}' version='2' changeset='#{changeset.id}'/></osm>"
+      delete api_way_path(wayid), :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "way delete did not hit rate limit"
+
+      # try creating a way, which should be rate limited
+      xml = "<osm><way changeset='#{changeset.id}'>" \
+            "<nd ref='#{node1.id}'/><nd ref='#{node2.id}'/>" \
+            "<tag k='test' v='yes' /></way></osm>"
+      put way_create_path, :params => xml, :headers => auth_header
+      assert_response :too_many_requests, "way create did not hit rate limit"
+    end
+
     private
 
     ##