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Installing Skopeo

Distribution Packages

skopeo may already be packaged in your distribution.

Fedora

sudo dnf -y install skopeo

RHEL/CentOS ≥ 8 and CentOS Stream

sudo dnf -y install skopeo

RHEL/CentOS ≤ 7.x

sudo yum -y install skopeo

openSUSE

sudo zypper install skopeo

Alpine

sudo apk add skopeo

macOS

brew install skopeo

Nix / NixOS

$ nix-env -i skopeo

Debian

The skopeo package is available on Bullseye, and Debian Testing and Unstable.

# Debian Bullseye, Testing or Unstable/Sid
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install skopeo

Raspberry Pi OS arm64 (beta)

Raspberry Pi OS uses the standard Debian's repositories, so it is fully compatible with Debian's arm64 repository. You can simply follow the steps for Debian to install Skopeo.

Ubuntu

The skopeo package is available in the official repositories for Ubuntu 20.10 and newer.

# Ubuntu 20.10 and newer
sudo apt-get -y update
sudo apt-get -y install skopeo

The Kubic project provides packages for Ubuntu 20.04 (it should also work with direct derivatives like Pop!_OS).

. /etc/os-release
echo "deb https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_${VERSION_ID}/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
curl -L https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_${VERSION_ID}/Release.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install skopeo

Windows

Skopeo has not yet been packaged for Windows. There is an open feature request and contributions are always welcome.

Container Images

Skopeo container images are available at quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest. For example,

podman run docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest copy --help

Read more.

Building from Source

Otherwise, read on for building and installing it from source:

To build the skopeo binary you need at least Go 1.12.

There are two ways to build skopeo: in a container, or locally without a container. Choose the one which better matches your needs and environment.

Building without a container

Building without a container requires a bit more manual work and setup in your environment, but it is more flexible:

  • It should work in more environments (e.g. for native macOS builds)
  • It does not require root privileges (after dependencies are installed)
  • It is faster, therefore more convenient for developing skopeo.

Install the necessary dependencies:

# Fedora:
sudo dnf install gpgme-devel libassuan-devel btrfs-progs-devel device-mapper-devel
# Ubuntu (`libbtrfs-dev` requires Ubuntu 18.10 and above):
sudo apt install libgpgme-dev libassuan-dev libbtrfs-dev libdevmapper-dev pkg-config
# macOS:
brew install gpgme
# openSUSE:
sudo zypper install libgpgme-devel device-mapper-devel libbtrfs-devel glib2-devel

Make sure to clone this repository in your GOPATH - otherwise compilation fails.

git clone https://github.com/containers/skopeo $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo && make bin/skopeo

By default the make command (make all) will build bin/skopeo and the documentation locally.

Building of documentation requires go-md2man. On systems that do not have this tool, the document generation can be skipped by passing DISABLE_DOCS=1:

DISABLE_DOCS=1 make

Building documentation

To build the manual you will need go-md2man.

# Debian:
sudo apt-get install go-md2man
# Fedora:
sudo dnf install go-md2man

# MacOS:
brew install go-md2man

Then

make docs

Building in a container

Building in a container is simpler, but more restrictive:

  • It requires the podman command and the ability to run Linux containers.
  • The created executable is a Linux executable, and depends on dynamic libraries which may only be available only in a container of a similar Linux distribution.
$ make binary

Installation

Finally, after the binary and documentation is built:

sudo make install

Building a static binary

There have been efforts in the past to produce and maintain static builds, but the maintainers prefer to run Skopeo using distro packages or within containers. This is because static builds of Skopeo tend to be unreliable and functionally restricted. Specifically:

  • Some features of Skopeo depend on non-Go libraries like libgpgme and libdevmapper.
  • Generating static Go binaries uses native Go libraries, which don't support e.g. .local or LDAP-based name resolution.

That being said, if you would like to build Skopeo statically, you might be able to do it by combining all the following steps.

  • Export environment variable CGO_ENABLED=0 (disabling CGO causes Go to prefer native libraries when possible, instead of dynamically linking against system libraries).
  • Set the BUILDTAGS=containers_image_openpgp Make variable (this remove the dependency on libgpgme and its companion libraries).
  • Clear the GO_DYN_FLAGS Make variable (which otherwise seems to force the creation of a dynamic executable).

The following command implements these steps to produce a static binary in the bin subdirectory of the repository:

docker run -v $PWD:/src -w /src -e CGO_ENABLED=0 golang \
make BUILDTAGS=containers_image_openpgp GO_DYN_FLAGS=

Keep in mind that the resulting binary is unsupported and might crash randomly. Only use if you know what you're doing!

For more information, history, and context about static builds, check the following issues:

  • #391 - Consider distributing statically built binaries as part of release
  • #669 - Static build fails with segmentation violation
  • #670 - Fixing static binary build using container
  • #755 - Remove static and in-container targets from Makefile
  • #932 - Add nix derivation for static builds
  • #1336 - Unable to run skopeo on Fedora 30 (due to dyn lib dependency)
  • #1478 - Publish binary releases to GitHub (request+discussion)