[Error] Shorten traceback for _BoundedDifferentiableMethod (#6475)

Issue: #6472 

### Brief Summary
Traceback of #6472 before #6474, #6475 and #6477:
```
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/lin/test/ant.py", line 21, in <module>
    myclass.do_something()
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/kernel_impl.py", line 1022, in __call__
    return self._primal(self._kernel_owner, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/kernel_impl.py", line 888, in __call__
    key = self.ensure_compiled(*args)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/kernel_impl.py", line 855, in ensure_compiled
    self.materialize(key=key, args=args, arg_features=arg_features)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/kernel_impl.py", line 566, in materialize
    taichi_kernel = impl.get_runtime().prog.create_kernel(
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/kernel_impl.py", line 556, in taichi_ast_generator
    transform_tree(tree, ctx)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ast/transform.py", line 6, in transform_tree
    ASTTransformer()(ctx, tree)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ast/ast_transformer_utils.py", line 28, in __call__
    raise e.with_traceback(None)
taichi.lang.exception.TaichiCompilationError: File "/home/lin/test/ant.py", line 16, in do_something:
            NEE_contrib = brdf * self.light_weight * self.light_color[None]
                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ast/ast_transformer_utils.py", line 25, in __call__
    return method(ctx, node)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ast/ast_transformer.py", line 800, in build_BinOp
    node.ptr = op(node.left.ptr, node.right.ptr)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ast/ast_transformer.py", line 788, in <lambda>
    ast.Mult: lambda l, r: l * r,
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/common_ops.py", line 47, in __mul__
    return ops.mul(self, other)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ops.py", line 55, in wrapped
    return a._element_wise_binary(imp_foo, b)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/matrix.py", line 491, in _element_wise_binary
    other = self._broadcast_copy(other)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/matrix.py", line 507, in _broadcast_copy
    other = Vector([other for _ in range(self.n)])
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/matrix.py", line 1465, in __init__
    super().__init__(arr, dt=dt, **kwargs)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/matrix.py", line 433, in __init__
    flattened += row
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/field.py", line 264, in __iter__
    raise NotImplementedError(
NotImplementedError: Struct for is only available in Taichi scope.
```

Traceback after #6474: 
```
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/lin/test/ant.py", line 21, in <module>
    myclass.do_something()
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/kernel_impl.py", line 1022, in __call__
    return self._primal(self._kernel_owner, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/kernel_impl.py", line 888, in __call__
    key = self.ensure_compiled(*args)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/kernel_impl.py", line 855, in ensure_compiled
    self.materialize(key=key, args=args, arg_features=arg_features)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/kernel_impl.py", line 566, in materialize
    taichi_kernel = impl.get_runtime().prog.create_kernel(
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/kernel_impl.py", line 556, in taichi_ast_generator
    transform_tree(tree, ctx)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ast/transform.py", line 6, in transform_tree
    ASTTransformer()(ctx, tree)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ast/ast_transformer_utils.py", line 28, in __call__
    raise e.with_traceback(None)
taichi.lang.exception.TaichiCompilationError: File "/home/lin/test/ant.py", line 16, in do_something:
            NEE_contrib = brdf * self.light_weight * self.light_color[None]
                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ast/ast_transformer_utils.py", line 25, in __call__
    return method(ctx, node)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ast/ast_transformer.py", line 800, in build_BinOp
    node.ptr = op(node.left.ptr, node.right.ptr)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ast/ast_transformer.py", line 788, in <lambda>
    ast.Mult: lambda l, r: l * r,
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for *: 'Vector' and 'ScalarField'
```

Traceback after #6474 and #6475: 
```
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/lin/test/ant.py", line 21, in <module>
    myclass.do_something()
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/kernel_impl.py", line 1025, in __call__
    raise type(e)('\n' + str(e)) from None
taichi.lang.exception.TaichiCompilationError: 
File "/home/lin/test/ant.py", line 16, in do_something:
            NEE_contrib = brdf * self.light_weight * self.light_color[None]
                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ast/ast_transformer_utils.py", line 25, in __call__
    return method(ctx, node)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ast/ast_transformer.py", line 800, in build_BinOp
    node.ptr = op(node.left.ptr, node.right.ptr)
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/ast/ast_transformer.py", line 788, in <lambda>
    ast.Mult: lambda l, r: l * r,
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for *: 'Vector' and 'ScalarField'
```
Traceback after #6474, #6475 and #6477: 
```
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/lin/test/ant.py", line 21, in <module>
    myclass.do_something()
  File "/home/lin/taichi/python/taichi/lang/kernel_impl.py", line 1025, in __call__
    raise type(e)('\n' + str(e)) from None
taichi.lang.exception.TaichiTypeError: 
File "/home/lin/test/ant.py", line 16, in do_something:
            NEE_contrib = brdf * self.light_weight * self.light_color[None]
                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
unsupported operand type(s) for *: 'Vector' and 'ScalarField'
```

python/taichi/lang/kernel_impl.py

@@ -1017,9 +1017,12 @@ def __init__(self, kernel_owner, wrapped_kernel_func):
         self.__name__ = None
 
     def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        if self._is_staticmethod:
-            return self._primal(*args, **kwargs)
-        return self._primal(self._kernel_owner, *args, **kwargs)
+        try:
+            if self._is_staticmethod:
+                return self._primal(*args, **kwargs)
+            return self._primal(self._kernel_owner, *args, **kwargs)
+        except (TaichiCompilationError, TaichiRuntimeError) as e:
+            raise type(e)('\n' + str(e)) from None
 
     def grad(self, *args, **kwargs):
         return self._adjoint(self._kernel_owner, *args, **kwargs)