diff --git a/src/python/pants/backend/python/goals/setup_py.py b/src/python/pants/backend/python/goals/setup_py.py
index 1473ef05260..ce868af8837 100644
--- a/src/python/pants/backend/python/goals/setup_py.py
+++ b/src/python/pants/backend/python/goals/setup_py.py
@@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ def maybe_add_resource(fp: str) -> None:
     return (
         tuple(sorted(packages)),
         tuple(sorted(namespace_packages)),
-        tuple((pkg, tuple(sorted(files))) for pkg, files in package_data.items()),
+        tuple((pkg, tuple(sorted(files))) for pkg, files in sorted(package_data.items())),
     )
 
 
diff --git a/src/python/pants/backend/python/goals/setup_py_integration_test.py b/src/python/pants/backend/python/goals/setup_py_integration_test.py
index 604bb854222..14eafa62637 100644
--- a/src/python/pants/backend/python/goals/setup_py_integration_test.py
+++ b/src/python/pants/backend/python/goals/setup_py_integration_test.py
@@ -3,13 +3,17 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import hashlib
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import venv
+from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
+from textwrap import dedent
 
-from pants.testutil.pants_integration_test import run_pants
+from pants.testutil.pants_integration_test import run_pants, setup_tmpdir
+from pants.util.dirutil import safe_rmtree
 
 
 def test_native_code() -> None:
@@ -43,3 +47,64 @@ def test_native_code() -> None:
             capture_output=True,
         )
         assert proc.stdout == b"Professor Native\n"
+
+
+def package_determinism(expected_artifact_count: int, files: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    """Tests that the given sources can be `package`d reproducibly."""
+
+    def digest(path: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        d = hashlib.sha256(Path(path).read_bytes()).hexdigest()
+        return path, d
+
+    def run_and_digest(address: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+        safe_rmtree("dist")
+        pants_run = run_pants(
+            [
+                "--backend-packages=pants.backend.python",
+                "--no-pantsd",
+                "package",
+                address,
+            ],
+        )
+        pants_run.assert_success()
+        return dict(digest(os.path.join("dist", f)) for f in os.listdir("dist"))
+
+    with setup_tmpdir(files) as source_dir:
+        one = run_and_digest(f"{source_dir}:dist")
+        two = run_and_digest(f"{source_dir}:dist")
+
+    assert len(one) == expected_artifact_count
+    assert one == two
+
+
+def test_deterministic_package_data() -> None:
+    package_determinism(
+        2,
+        {
+            "BUILD": dedent(
+                """\
+                python_distribution(
+                    name="dist",
+                    dependencies=["{tmpdir}/a", "{tmpdir}/b"],
+                    provides=python_artifact(name="det", version="2.3.4"),
+                )
+                """
+            ),
+            "a/BUILD": dedent(
+                """\
+                python_sources(dependencies=[":resources"])
+                resources(name="resources", sources=["*.txt"])
+                """
+            ),
+            "a/source.py": "",
+            "a/a.txt": "",
+            "b/BUILD": dedent(
+                """\
+                python_sources(dependencies=[":resources"])
+                resources(name="resources", sources=["*.txt"])
+                """
+            ),
+            "b/source.py": "",
+            "b/b.txt": "",
+        },
+    )