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<h1 class="kratos-entry-title text-center">linux命令netstat的几个用法</h1>
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<i class="fa fa-calendar"></i> 2019-07-26
<i class="fa fa-folder"></i> 分类 <a class="label-link" href="/categories/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/">编程基础</a>, <a class="label-link" href="/categories/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/linux%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/">linux基础</a>
<i class="fa fa-user"></i> 作者 云海鹰影
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<h2 id="Netstat-简介"><a href="#Netstat-简介" class="headerlink" title="Netstat 简介"></a>Netstat 简介</h2><p>Netstat 是linux下的一款命令行工具，可用于列出系统上所有的网络套接字连接情况，包括 tcp, udp 以及 unix 套接字，还能列出处于监听状态（即等待接入请求）的套接字。如果你想查看系统某一个端口是否被占用，就可以用<code>netstat</code>命令。另外<code>netstat</code>还可以列出本机路由信息和网络接口信息等。</p>
<h2 id="1-列出网络连接"><a href="#1-列出网络连接" class="headerlink" title="1. 列出网络连接"></a>1. 列出网络连接</h2><figure class="highlight sh" data-lang="sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">netstat -antuple</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>由于netstat命令参数比较多，查看网络连接相关，常用的就是上面这些， 这里为了方便记忆组合了下：an tuple, 两个简单的英文单词～</p>
<p><strong>参数说明：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>-a: –all, 显示所有连接的socket (默认: connected)</li>
<li>-n: –numeric, 不解析名称，包括主机名，端口名和用户名</li>
<li>-t: –tcp, 只显示tcp连接</li>
<li>-u: –udp, 只显示udp连接</li>
<li>-p: –programs, 显示连接进程的PID或进程名</li>
<li>-l: –listening, 显示正在监听的socket</li>
<li>-e: –extend, 显示更多信息,包括连接进程的用户名等</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>注意：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>将 -n 和 -e 选项一起使用，会列出用户的 ID 号，而不是用户名。</li>
<li>使用 -p 选项时，netstat 必须运行在 root 权限之下，不然它就不能得到运行在 root 权限下的进程名，而很多服务包括 http 和 ftp 都运行在 root 权限之下。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="2-显示内核路由信息"><a href="#2-显示内核路由信息" class="headerlink" title="2. 显示内核路由信息"></a>2. 显示内核路由信息</h2><figure class="highlight sh" data-lang="sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">netstat -rn</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>使用 -r 选项打印内核路由信息。打印出来的信息与 route 命令输出的信息一样。也可以使用 -n 选项禁止名称解析。</p>
<p><strong>参数说明：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>-r: –route, 显示内核路由信息</li>
<li>-n: 与上面相同</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="3-显示网络接口信息"><a href="#3-显示网络接口信息" class="headerlink" title="3. 显示网络接口信息"></a>3. 显示网络接口信息</h2><figure class="highlight sh" data-lang="sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">netstat -ie</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>使用 -i 选项可以输出网络接口信息， 但是输出的信息比较原始。搭配 -e 选项，可以输出用户友好的信息，输出结果与 ifconfig 一样。</p>
<p><strong>参数说明：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>-i: –interfaces, 显示网络接口信息</li>
<li>-e: 与上面相同</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="4-其他选项"><a href="#4-其他选项" class="headerlink" title="4. 其他选项"></a>4. 其他选项</h2><ul>
<li>-s: –statistics, 显示统计数据</li>
<li>-g: –groups, 显示多播，组播信息</li>
<li>-c: –continuous, 持续打印信息</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="5-用法举例"><a href="#5-用法举例" class="headerlink" title="5. 用法举例"></a>5. 用法举例</h2><h3 id="5-1-打印-active-状态的连接"><a href="#5-1-打印-active-状态的连接" class="headerlink" title="5.1 打印 active 状态的连接"></a>5.1 打印 active 状态的连接</h3><p>active 状态的套接字连接用 “ESTABLISHED” 字段表示，所以我们可以使用 grep 命令获得 active 状态的连接：</p>
<figure class="highlight sh" data-lang="sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ netstat -atnp | grep ESTA</span><br><span class="line">(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info</span><br><span class="line">will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)</span><br><span class="line">tcp 0 0 192.168.1.2:49156 173.255.230.5:80 ESTABLISHED 1691/chrome</span><br><span class="line">tcp 0 0 192.168.1.2:33324 173.194.36.117:443 ESTABLISHED 1691/chrome</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>配合 watch 命令监视 active 状态的连接：</p>
<figure class="highlight sh" data-lang="sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ watch -d -n0 <span class="string">"netstat -atnp | grep ESTA"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="5-2-查看服务是否在运行"><a href="#5-2-查看服务是否在运行" class="headerlink" title="5.2 查看服务是否在运行"></a>5.2 查看服务是否在运行</h3><p>比如查看mysql服务：</p>
<figure class="highlight sh" data-lang="sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo netstat -anple | grep mysql</span><br><span class="line">tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 122 26837 1041/mysqld </span><br><span class="line">unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 26838 1041/mysqld /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock</span><br><span class="line">unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 26817 1041/mysqld</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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