-
ArrayList非线程安全。
-
ArrayList基于动态数组,是一种线性表。随机访问友好,插入和删除效率低。
-
容量动态调节,有一套扩容和优化空间的机制
-
ArrayList继承了AbstractList,实现了List、RandomAccess、Cloneable、Serializable接口。
-
Based on Jdk8
//元素个数,并不一定是容量
private int size;
//默认初始容量
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
//指定初始容量为0时,返回该空数组
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
//不指定初始容量时,返回该空数组。
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
/*
存储元素,ArrayList的容量就是这个缓冲区的容量。
当elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA时,
第一次添加元素后,扩容至默认容量10。非私有域便于嵌套类的访问。
另外虽然这里用了transient修饰,但是其实现了readObject和writeObject
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
s.writeObject(elementData[i]);
查看源码可知,实现了序列化
*/
transient Object[] elementData;
//最大容量,避免在某些虚拟机下可能引起的OutOfMemoryError,减8的原因:数组作为一个对象,需要一定的内存存储对象头信息,对象头信息最大占用内存不可超过8字节。
private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
//序列化的VersionUID
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8683452581122892189L;
//默认构造个空list
public ArrayList() {
this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
//根据给定的初始容量构造
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity > 0) {
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
}
}
//构造一个包含特定元素的list,按照迭代器取出的顺序排
public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
elementData = c.toArray();
if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
//这里有个bug,c.toArray()可能不会返回Object[] ,官方bug库编号 626052,详情请参看https://bugs.java.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6260652
if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
} else {
// replace with empty array.
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
}
//给用户使用,确保容量,指定的容量要大于默认容量
public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
int minExpand = (elementData != DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA)
? 0
: DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
if (minCapacity > minExpand) {++++++++++++++
ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
}
//给类内部使用,确保容量,用于内部优化,保证空间资源不被浪费, 主要用于add()方法
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
minCapacity= Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
//实际确保容量的方法
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
//用于fail-fast机制,用于在并发场景下
modCount++;
// 防溢出
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
grow(minCapacity);
}
//私有扩容方法,确保minCapacity
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
// 扩充当前容量的1.5倍
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
// 若 newCapacity 依旧小于 minCapacity
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
// 若 newCapacity大于最大存储容量,分配为最大容量
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
//
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
//私有大容量分配,最大分配Integer.MAX_VALUE,最小分配MAX_ARRAY_SIZE
private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
if (minCapacity < 0) // 溢出
throw new OutOfMemoryError();
return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
Integer.MAX_VALUE :
MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}
//加到最后。O(1)
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
//加到指定位置,后面依次后移。O(n)
public void add(int index, E element) {
rangeCheckForAdd(index); //检查index
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
size - index);
elementData[index] = element;
size++;
}
//将集合的所有元素添加到末尾
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
Object[] a = c.toArray();
//要添加元素的个数
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
//指定位置插入集合元素
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);
int numMoved = size - index;//list中要移动的数量
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew,
numMoved);
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
//前者不检查负值,让jvm抛出ArrayIndexOfBound
private void rangeCheck(int index) {
if (index >= size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
if (index > size || index < 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
//删除指定位置元素并返回 O(n)
public E remove(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
modCount++;
E oldValue = elementData(index);
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
//让gc进行回收
elementData[--size] = null;
return oldValue;
}
//删除给定obj
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (elementData[index] == null) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
} else {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
//私有删除方法,不进行边界检查,不返回被删除元素
private void fastRemove(int index) {
modCount++;
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
//native方法,速度比for和clone都"fast"
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null;
}
//删除[fromIndex,toIndex)的元素
protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
modCount++;
int numMoved = size - toIndex;//要移动的数量
System.arraycopy(elementData, toIndex, elementData, fromIndex,
numMoved);
// 删除后,list 的长度
int newSize = size - (toIndex-fromIndex);
//将失效元素置空
for (int i = newSize; i < size; i++) {
elementData[i] = null;
}
size = newSize;
}
//移除c集合中的元素
public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
//判断集合是否为空,否则抛出NPE
Objects.requireNonNull(c);
return batchRemove(c, false);
}
//保留c集合中的元素
public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
Objects.requireNonNull(c);
return batchRemove(c, true);
}
/*
批量移除。O(n)
第二个参数,如果为true只保留c集合中元素,如果false,移除c集合中的元素
*/
private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) {
final Object[] elementData = this.elementData;
//两个指针,r是读取位置,w是写入位置
int r = 0, w = 0;
boolean modified = false;
try {
//遍历数组,修改元素,这里使用for循环,效率要低于fastremove
for (; r < size; r++)
if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement)
elementData[w++] = elementData[r];
} finally {,
//此时可能出错,将r之后的拷贝到w之后
if (r != size) {
System.arraycopy(elementData, r,
elementData, w,
size - r);
w += size - r;
}
if (w != size) {
for (int i = w; i < size; i++)
elementData[i] = null;
modCount += size - w;
size = w;
modified = true;
}
}
//为false则w == size,说明并没有删除
return modified;
}
//清空list,不释放空间 O(n)
public void clear() {
modCount++;
//交给gc吧23333
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
elementData[i] = null;
size = 0;
}
//获取指定位置元素
public E get(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
return elementData(index);
}
//顺序找,返回首先出现的位置,找不到返-1。O(n)
public int indexOf(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
if (elementData[i]==null)
return i;
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
//逆序找,返回最后出现的位置,找不到返-1。O(n)
public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--)
if (elementData[i]==null)
return i;
} else {
for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--)
if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
//顺序找实现,根据返回值判断
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return indexOf(o) >= 0;
}
//修改指定位置元素
public E set(int index, E element) {
rangeCheck(index);
E oldValue = elementData(index);
elementData[index] = element;
return oldValue;
}
/*
取子list,返回Sublist这个ArrayList的内部类,
这是个坑,注意SubList和其他List实现类的区别
*/
public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size);
return new SubList(this, 0, fromIndex, toIndex);
}
//传入Compartor,用Arrays.sort()实现,主要是LegacyMergeSort和Timsort
public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
final int expectedModCount = modCount;
Arrays.sort((E[]) elementData, 0, size, c);
//并发环境下有可能抛出
if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
modCount++;
}
}
//判空,直接看size就行了
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
//克隆,主要拷贝elementData数组
public Object clone() {
try {
ArrayList<?> v = (ArrayList<?>) super.clone();
v.elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
v.modCount = 0;
return v;
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
// this shouldn't happen, since we are Cloneable
throw new InternalError(e);
}
}
//拷贝到新数组中,释放多余空间
public void trimToSize() {
modCount++;
if (size < elementData.length) {
elementData = (size == 0)
? EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
: Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
}
}