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Object Storage
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thanos
/storage.md

Object Storage

Thanos supports any object stores that can be implemented against Thanos objstore.Bucket interface

All clients are configured using --objstore.config-file to reference to the configuration file or --objstore.config to put yaml config directly.

Implementations

Current object storage client implementations:

Provider Maturity Auto-tested on CI Maintainers
Google Cloud Storage Stable (production usage) yes @bwplotka
AWS S3 Stable (production usage) yes @bwplotka
Azure Storage Account Stable (production usage) yes @vglafirov
OpenStack Swift Beta (working PoCs, testing usage) no @sudhi-vm
Tencent COS Beta (testing usage) no @jojohappy

NOTE: Currently Thanos requires strong consistency (write-read) for object store implementation.

How to add a new client?

  1. Create new directory under pkg/objstore/<provider>
  2. Implement objstore.Bucket interface
  3. Add NewTestBucket constructor for testing purposes, that creates and deletes temporary bucket.
  4. Use created NewTestBucket in ForeachStore method to ensure we can run tests against new provider. (In PR)
  5. RUN the TestObjStoreAcceptanceTest against your provider to ensure it fits. Fix any found error until test passes. (In PR)
  6. Add client implementation to the factory in factory code. (Using as small amount of flags as possible in every command)
  7. Add client struct config to bucketcfggen to allow config auto generation.

At that point, anyone can use your provider by spec.

AWS S3 configuration

Thanos uses the minio client library to upload Prometheus data into AWS S3.

You can configure an S3 bucket as an object store with YAML, either by passing the configuration directly to the --objstore.config parameter, or (preferably) by passing the path to a configuration file to the --objstore.config-file option.

type: S3
config:
  bucket: ""
  endpoint: ""
  region: ""
  access_key: ""
  insecure: false
  signature_version2: false
  encrypt_sse: false
  secret_key: ""
  put_user_metadata: {}
  http_config:
    idle_conn_timeout: 0s
    response_header_timeout: 0s
    insecure_skip_verify: false
  trace:
    enable: false

At a minimum, you will need to provide a value for the bucket, endpoint, access_key, and secret_key keys. The rest of the keys are optional.

The AWS region to endpoint mapping can be found in this link.

Make sure you use a correct signature version. Currently AWS requires signature v4, so it needs signature-version2: false. If you don't specify it, you will get an Access Denied error. On the other hand, several S3 compatible APIs use signature-version2: true.

You can configure the timeout settings for the HTTP client by setting the http_config.idle_conn_timeout and http_config.response_header_timeout keys. As a rule of thumb, if you are seeing errors like timeout awaiting response headers in your logs, you may want to increase the value of http_config.response_header_timeout.

Please refer to the documentation of the Transport type in the net/http package for detailed information on what each option does.

For debug and testing purposes you can set

  • insecure: true to switch to plain insecure HTTP instead of HTTPS

  • http_config.insecure_skip_verify: true to disable TLS certificate verification (if your S3 based storage is using a self-signed certificate, for example)

  • trace.enable: true to enable the minio client's verbose logging. Each request and response will be logged into the debug logger, so debug level logging must be enabled for this functionality.

Credentials

By default Thanos will try to retrieve credentials from the following sources:

  1. From config file if BOTH access_key and secret_key are present.
  2. From the standard AWS environment variable - AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
  3. From ~/.aws/credentials
  4. IAM credentials retrieved from an instance profile.

NOTE: Getting access key from config file and secret key from other method (and vice versa) is not supported.

AWS Policies

Example working AWS IAM policy for user:

  • For deployment (policy for Thanos services):
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "Statement",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:ListBucket",
                "s3:GetObject",
                "s3:DeleteObject",
                "s3:PutObject"
            ],
            "Resource": [
                "arn:aws:s3:::<bucket>/*",
                "arn:aws:s3:::<bucket>"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

(No bucket policy)

To test the policy, set env vars for S3 access for empty, not used bucket as well as: THANOS_SKIP_GCS_TESTS=true THANOS_ALLOW_EXISTING_BUCKET_USE=true

And run: GOCACHE=off go test -v -run TestObjStore_AcceptanceTest_e2e ./pkg/...

  • For testing (policy to run e2e tests):

We need access to CreateBucket and DeleteBucket and access to all buckets:

{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "Statement",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:ListBucket",
                "s3:GetObject",
                "s3:DeleteObject",
                "s3:PutObject",
                "s3:CreateBucket",
                "s3:DeleteBucket"
            ],
            "Resource": [
                "arn:aws:s3:::<bucket>/*",
                "arn:aws:s3:::<bucket>"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

With this policy you should be able to run set THANOS_SKIP_GCS_TESTS=true and unset S3_BUCKET and run all tests using make test.

Details about AWS policies: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/using-with-s3-actions.html

GCS Configuration

To configure Google Cloud Storage bucket as an object store you need to set bucket with GCS bucket name and configure Google Application credentials.

For example:

type: GCS
config:
  bucket: ""
  service_account: ""

Using GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS

Application credentials are configured via JSON file and only the bucket needs to be specified, the client looks for:

  1. A JSON file whose path is specified by the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable.
  2. A JSON file in a location known to the gcloud command-line tool. On Windows, this is %APPDATA%/gcloud/application_default_credentials.json. On other systems, $HOME/.config/gcloud/application_default_credentials.json.
  3. On Google App Engine it uses the appengine.AccessToken function.
  4. On Google Compute Engine and Google App Engine Managed VMs, it fetches credentials from the metadata server. (In this final case any provided scopes are ignored.)

You can read more on how to get application credential json file in https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production

Using inline a Service Account

Another possibility is to inline the ServiceAccount into the Thanos configuration and only maintain one file. This feature was added, so that the Prometheus Operator only needs to take care of one secret file.

type: GCS
config:
  bucket: "thanos"
  service_account: |-
    {
      "type": "service_account",
      "project_id": "project",
      "private_key_id": "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz12345678906666",
      "private_key": "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\...\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n",
      "client_email": "[email protected]",
      "client_id": "123456789012345678901",
      "auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
      "token_uri": "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
      "auth_provider_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs",
      "client_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/robot/v1/metadata/x509/thanos%40gitpods.iam.gserviceaccount.com"
    }

GCS Policies

Note: GCS Policies should be applied at the project level, not at the bucket level

For deployment:

Storage Object Creator and Storage Object Viewer

For testing:

Storage Object Admin for ability to create and delete temporary buckets.

To test the policy is working as expected, exec into the sidecar container, eg:

kubectl exec -it -n <namespace> <prometheus with sidecar pod name> -c <sidecar container name> -- /bin/sh

Then test that you can at least list objects in the bucket, eg:

thanos bucket ls --objstore.config="${OBJSTORE_CONFIG}"

Azure Configuration

To use Azure Storage as Thanos object store, you need to precreate storage account from Azure portal or using Azure CLI. Follow the instructions from Azure Storage Documentation: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-quickstart-create-account

To configure Azure Storage account as an object store you need to provide a path to Azure storage config file in flag --objstore.config-file.

Config file format is the following:

type: AZURE
config:
  storage_account: ""
  storage_account_key: ""
  container: ""
  endpoint: ""

OpenStack Swift Configuration

Thanos uses gophercloud client to upload Prometheus data into OpenStack Swift.

Below is an example configuration file for thanos to use OpenStack swift container as an object store.
Note that if the name of a user, project or tenant is used one must also specify its domain by ID or name.
Various examples for OpenStack authentication can be found in the official documentation.

type: SWIFT
config:
  auth_url: ""
  username: ""
  user_domain_name: ""
  user_domain_id: ""
  user_id: ""
  password: ""
  domain_id: ""
  domain_name: ""
  project_id: ""
  project_name: ""
  project_domain_id: ""
  project_domain_name: ""
  region_name: ""
  container_name: ""

Other minio supported S3 object storages

Minio client used for AWS S3 can be potentially configured against other S3-compatible object storages.

Tencent COS Configuration

To use Tencent COS as storage store, you should apply a Tencent Account to create an object storage bucket at first. Note that detailed from Tencent Cloud Documents: https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/436

To configure Tencent Account to use COS as storage store you need to set these parameters in yaml format stored in a file:

type: COS
config:
  bucket: ""
  region: ""
  app_id: ""
  secret_key: ""
  secret_id: ""

Set the flags --objstore.config-file to reference to the configuration file.