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README.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.18">
<meta name="author" content="Josh Long">
<title>Authorize All the Things with the Spring Authorization Server, OAuth, and Spring Boot</title>
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</head>
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Authorize All the Things with the Spring Authorization Server, OAuth, and Spring Boot</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">Josh Long</span><br>
<span id="email" class="email"><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></span><br>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_introducing_the_spring_authorization_server">Introducing the Spring Authorization Server</a></li>
<li><a href="#_the_journey_ahead">The Journey Ahead</a></li>
<li><a href="#_try_it_out">Try it out!</a></li>
<li><a href="#_docker_compose_and_our_middleware">Docker Compose and our Middleware</a></li>
<li><a href="#_stand_up_a_spring_authorization_server_instance_for_great_good">Stand up a Spring Authorization Server Instance for Great Good</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_users">Users</a></li>
<li><a href="#_oauth_clients">OAuth Clients</a></li>
<li><a href="#_persistence_with_postgresql_and_jdbc">Persistence with PostgreSQL and JDBC</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_protecting_a_simple_http_api">Protecting a Simple HTTP API</a></li>
<li><a href="#_the_gateway_client">The Gateway Client</a></li>
<li><a href="#_your_first_cup_of_java">Your First Cup of Java</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_operations_improvements">Operations Improvements</a></li>
<li><a href="#_performance">Performance</a></li>
<li><a href="#_autocloseable">Autocloseable</a></li>
<li><a href="#_type_inference">Type Inference</a></li>
<li><a href="#_enhanced_switch_expressions">Enhanced Switch Expressions</a></li>
<li><a href="#_multiline_strings">Multiline Strings</a></li>
<li><a href="#_records">Records</a></li>
<li><a href="#_sealed_types">Sealed Types</a></li>
<li><a href="#_smart_casts">Smart Casts</a></li>
<li><a href="#_function_interfaces_lambdas_and_method_references">Function Interfaces, Lambdas and Method References</a></li>
<li><a href="#_virtual_threads_and_loom">Virtual Threads and Loom</a></li>
<li><a href="#_next_steps">Next Steps</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Josh Long loves the Spring Authorization Server, and want you to love it too.
Let’s dive right into it.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_introducing_the_spring_authorization_server">Introducing the Spring Authorization Server</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Hi, Spring fans!
In this installment we’re going to look at some patterns and practices for working with the Spring Authorization Server, and with OAuth in general in a Spring Boot-based system.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Spring Authorization Server is one of my favorite new projects.
It’s a full-blown OAuth identity provider (IDP), distributed as Spring Boot autoconfiguration.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Spring Authorization Server is the final piece in the Spring Security OAuth’s Ship of Theseus, the final replacement for a component in the built-in OAuth support in Spring Security 5 and later.
First there was OIDC client support, and then resource server support, and now - after a <em>lot</em> of community outpouring and support - a brand new and fully featured OAuth IDP.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Why not use Keycloak, Okta, Auth0, ActiveDirectory, or something, I hear you ask?
And the answer is.. be our guest! 99% of the stuff we’re going to look at here works with any OAuth IDP.
But i do so love the Spring Authorization Server.
I don’t know an easier way to get as configurable and flexible IDP up-and-running.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Having an easy component for your IDP integration is <em>liberating</em>.
If nothing else, it’s one less <code>users</code> microservice for you to build.
But, at its best, it’s a unifying force for your organization’s notions of identity and policy, all centralized.
If you implement it correctly, it’s one less <code>users</code> microservice for <em>all</em> of your systems, not just the one you’re working on now!</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>It’s Spring, so it of course supports the new-and-novel, but it’s also built like all Spring Boot autoconfiguration, with hooks and customization in mind at every step.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>I love it and I love it for helping me to love OAuth.
If you only knew the agony I’ve been subjected to in learning and welding OAuth over the years, then you’ll know what a thing that is for me to say.
And I want you, dear reader, to love OAuth.
And the way to do that is to, basically, <em>not</em> care about OAuth.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>And so we’re going to take a journey to production together, with the Spring Authorization Server at our backs, and learn how to wield OAuth (via the amazing Spring Authorization Server) for some common kinds of patterns.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_the_journey_ahead">The Journey Ahead</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We’re going to do a breadth-first not depth-first approach to using the Spring Authorization Server, so we’re going to look at several pieces.
By the end of this, we’ll have explored:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>a Spring Authorization Server instance (called <code>authorization-server</code>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>a backend HTTP API protected by Spring Security’s OAuth 2 Resource Server capability (called <code>api</code>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>a headless RabbitMQ-powered microservice whose request handling is done with Spring Integration, and protected by Spring Security’s OAuth 2 Resource Server capability, <em>sort of</em>. (called <code>processor</code>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>a static JavaScript application.
I hesitate to even call it an application.
It’s one page, <code>index.html</code> (called <code>static</code>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>a Spring Cloud Gateway instance that’s acting as an OAuth 2 token relay and OAuth 2 client, originating new OAuth 2 tokens if they’re not present and then forwarding requests onward to the backend HTTP API and static JavaScript assets with the token in tow.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We’ll start first with the main event, the Spring Authorization Server.
Arguably, everything <em>after</em> that section would work equally well with any other OAuth 2 identity provider (IDP).
But maybe you’ll see in reading this section that you don’t <em>need</em> any other OAuth 2 identity provider any more.
Either way, read on!</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_try_it_out">Try it out!</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Now, before we get ahead of ourselves, let’s try it out!
Grab (<code>git clone</code>) the <a href="https://github.com/spring-tips/spring-authorization-server">code here</a> to follow along.</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>in the root folder of the code, run <code>docker compose up</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>in <code>authorization-service</code>, run <code>run.sh</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>in <code>gateway</code>, run <code>run.sh</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>in <code>api</code>, run <code>run.sh</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>in <code>processor</code>, run <code>run.sh</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>in <code>static</code>, run <code>run.sh</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>visit <code><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8082" class="bare">http://127.0.0.1:8082</a></code> (important: use the IP, <em>not</em> <code>localhost</code>!) in the browser.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>login with <code>jlong</code>/<code>password</code> (yes, I know it’s a terrible password, don’t <code>@</code> me!), and then consent when prompted.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>you’ll see a list of customers, click on the <code>email</code> button to kick off work in the <code>processor</code>.
You should see indications in the console that your message has been sent.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>There are lots of moving parts, but here’s what you need to know: we have a JavaScript/HTML 5 client, a backend HTTP API, and a headless backoffice process, all of which have been secured with the Spring Authorization Server.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Shut everything down, and we’ll start from scratch.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Refreshingly simple.
Let’s dive right into the nitty-gritty.
I want you building secure systems by the article’s end.
My goal here is not to cover <em>every</em> possible use case, but to cover some of the typical use-cases and introduce progressively more moving parts so that, if at some point you don’t see what you need, you know where to reach you to build it yourself.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_docker_compose_and_our_middleware">Docker Compose and our Middleware</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>I know I just told you to shut everything down, but you need to restart one thing: the Docker images for both PostgreSQL and RabbitMQ.
I’ve described all of their configuration in a <code>docker-compose.yml</code> file in the root of this project.
It looks like this.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="yaml"><span class="na">version</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s1">'</span><span class="s">3'</span>
<span class="na">services</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">postgres</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">image</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">postgres:15.2</span>
<span class="na">environment</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">POSTGRES_USER=postgres</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">PGUSER=postgres</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">POSTGRES_NAME=postgres</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres</span>
<span class="na">ports</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="s">5432:5432"</span>
<span class="na">rabbitmq</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">image</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">rabbitmq:3-management</span>
<span class="na">environment</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=user</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=password</span>
<span class="na">ports</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="s">5672:5672"</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="s">15672:15672"</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We’ll be connecting to either or both of the Docker images across many different services, so let’s start them up before we proceed.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Go to the root of the project.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="shell">docker compose up</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>RabbitMQ will be running on the usual port and have a user, <code>user</code>, and a password, <code>password</code>.
PostgresSQL will be running on the usual port with the user <code>postgres</code>, schema called <code>postgres</code>, and the password <code>postgres</code>.
Yes, I know these are terrible passwords…​</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_stand_up_a_spring_authorization_server_instance_for_great_good">Stand up a Spring Authorization Server Instance for Great Good</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Go to the <a href="https://start.spring.io">Spring Initializr (start.spring.io)</a>, specify a group ID and an artifact ID (I chose <code>bootiful</code> : <code>authorization-server</code>) and add <code>OAuth2 Authorization Server</code> as a dependency.
I’d add <code>GraalVM Native Support</code> for good measure, but you do you.
Open the downloaded project in your IDE.
I’m using IntelliJ IDEA, but again, you do you.
I ran the following command from the root of the newly unzipped archive: <code>idea build.gradle</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You’ve got a new Spring Boot Authorization Server.
We need to specify two things: <strong>users</strong>, and <strong>clients</strong>.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_users">Users</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Users are pretty straight forward, right?
A user is the sum of the username, password, and associated information attached to the systems' notion of identity.
The beating heart of our system.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>There are a lot of ways to get this done.
The easiest might be to just have one user, the <em>default</em> user, which you can describe using Spring Boot’s associated properties, like this:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="properties"><span class="py">spring.security.user.name</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s">jlong</span>
<span class="py">spring.security.user.password</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s">password</span>
<span class="py">spring.security.user.roles</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s">admin,users.write,users.read,openid</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This gets us off the ground, but as soon as you want two or more users, you’ll need to specify them a different way.
The easiest is probably to define a bean of type <code>InMemoryUserDetailsManager</code>, like this.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>package bootiful.authorizationserver;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;
@Configuration
class UserDetailsConfiguration {
@Bean
UserDetailsService inMemoryUserDetailsManager() {
var userBuilder = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder();
return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(
userBuilder.roles("USER").username("jlong").password("password").build(),
userBuilder.roles("USER", "ADMIN").username("rwinch").password("p@ssw0rd").build()
);
}
}</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Thus configured we’ve got two users:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>jlong</code> with password <code>password</code> and roles <code>USER</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>rwinch</code> with password <code>p@ssw0rd</code> and roles <code>USER</code> and <code>ADMIN</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This implementation is fine for development as it’s all in-memory.
In a production system, you’ll probably want something more durable.
We’ll look at those possibilities in a bit.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_oauth_clients">OAuth Clients</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>An OAuth client defines how a program or process interacts with an OAuth IDP (like Spring Authorization Server).
Clients correspond more or less to the programs that would like to be allowed to authenticate on behalf of users.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>I have tried to conceive of a clear illustration of clients in a vacuum, but it’s not easy. so let’s examine a real life example: you stumble upon some website, say <a href="https://www.yelp.com/">Yelp</a>, a website that lets you contribute and read reviews about locations - restaurants, businesses, tourist spots, etc.
You want to login to see your history.
You <em>could</em> create a new account there, going through the whole sign up flow and entering redundant information, but this information could soon become stale.
Maybe you change house or email address, or whatever, and you’ve forgotten to go back to the site and change your information.
Yelp know this, so they offer another path forward: <code>Continue with Google</code> and <code>Continue with Apple</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/yelp-signup.png" alt="yelp signup">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Click the button and another window on Google or Apple’s sites pop up.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/google-signin.png" alt="google signin">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You know what to do here: you’re in familiar territory.
It’s google.com!
You know Google.
And Google <em>definitely</em> knows you!
You’ve got an account here, you maintain that account, and you like that account.
You use it for your daily email, after all.
You’ve even got that reassuring little padlock icon in the browser’s location bar giving you the warm-n-fuzzies about this site’s authenticity: it is who it claims to be.
So you enter your information, login, and you have to whatever mutli-factor auth things Google wants you to do.</p>