diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/gradle/plugin/SpringBootAotPlugin.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/gradle/plugin/SpringBootAotPlugin.java
index 00ba72184993..a4b88c5136b7 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/gradle/plugin/SpringBootAotPlugin.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/gradle/plugin/SpringBootAotPlugin.java
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import org.gradle.api.plugins.JavaPluginExtension;
 import org.gradle.api.plugins.PluginContainer;
 import org.gradle.api.provider.Provider;
+import org.gradle.api.provider.ProviderFactory;
 import org.gradle.api.tasks.SourceSet;
 import org.gradle.api.tasks.SourceSetContainer;
 import org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskProvider;
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ private void configureAotTask(Project project, SourceSet sourceSet, AbstractAot
 		task.getArtifactId().set(project.provider(() -> project.getName()));
 	}
 
-	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
 	private Configuration createAotProcessingClasspath(Project project, String taskName, SourceSet inputSourceSet) {
 		Configuration base = project.getConfigurations()
 			.getByName(inputSourceSet.getRuntimeClasspathConfigurationName());
@@ -160,9 +161,11 @@ private Configuration createAotProcessingClasspath(Project project, String taskN
 			classpath.setDescription("Classpath of the " + taskName + " task.");
 			removeDevelopmentOnly(base.getExtendsFrom()).forEach(classpath::extendsFrom);
 			classpath.attributes((attributes) -> {
+				ProviderFactory providers = project.getProviders();
 				AttributeContainer baseAttributes = base.getAttributes();
-				for (Attribute<?> attribute : baseAttributes.keySet()) {
-					attributes.attribute((Attribute<Object>) attribute, baseAttributes.getAttribute(attribute));
+				for (Attribute attribute : baseAttributes.keySet()) {
+					attributes.attributeProvider(attribute,
+							providers.provider(() -> baseAttributes.getAttribute(attribute)));
 				}
 			});
 		});
diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/gradle/plugin/SpringBootAotPluginIntegrationTests.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/gradle/plugin/SpringBootAotPluginIntegrationTests.java
index b3d9932037ac..aead5ebcc535 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/gradle/plugin/SpringBootAotPluginIntegrationTests.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/gradle/plugin/SpringBootAotPluginIntegrationTests.java
@@ -23,11 +23,14 @@
 
 import org.gradle.testkit.runner.TaskOutcome;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestTemplate;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.EnabledOnJre;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.JRE;
 
 import org.springframework.boot.gradle.junit.GradleCompatibility;
 import org.springframework.boot.testsupport.gradle.testkit.GradleBuild;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatNoException;
 
 /**
  * Integration tests for {@link SpringBootAotPlugin}.
@@ -121,6 +124,13 @@ void processTestAotIsSkippedWhenProjectHasNoTestSource() {
 			.isEqualTo(TaskOutcome.NO_SOURCE);
 	}
 
+	// gh-37343
+	@TestTemplate
+	@EnabledOnJre(JRE.JAVA_17)
+	void applyingAotPluginDoesNotPreventConfigurationOfJavaToolchainLanguageVersion() {
+		assertThatNoException().isThrownBy(() -> this.gradleBuild.build("help").getOutput());
+	}
+
 	private void writeMainClass(String packageName, String className) throws IOException {
 		File java = new File(this.gradleBuild.getProjectDir(),
 				"src/main/java/" + packageName.replace(".", "/") + "/" + className + ".java");
diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/test/resources/org/springframework/boot/gradle/plugin/SpringBootAotPluginIntegrationTests-applyingAotPluginDoesNotPreventConfigurationOfJavaToolchainLanguageVersion.gradle b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/test/resources/org/springframework/boot/gradle/plugin/SpringBootAotPluginIntegrationTests-applyingAotPluginDoesNotPreventConfigurationOfJavaToolchainLanguageVersion.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..da216cf930bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/test/resources/org/springframework/boot/gradle/plugin/SpringBootAotPluginIntegrationTests-applyingAotPluginDoesNotPreventConfigurationOfJavaToolchainLanguageVersion.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'org.springframework.boot'
+	id 'org.springframework.boot.aot'
+	id 'java'
+}
+
+java {
+    toolchain {
+        languageVersion.set(JavaLanguageVersion.of(17))
+    }
+}