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Overview

Plugin should be bundled as an apk. $PLUGIN_ID in this documentation corresponds to the executable name for the plugin in order to be cross-platform, e.g. obfs-local. An apk can have more than one plugins bundled. We don't care as long as they have different $PLUGIN_ID. For duplicated plugin ID, host should refuse to start.

There are no arbitrary restrictions/requirements on package name, component name and content provider authority, but you're suggested to follow the format in this documentations. For package name, use com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.$PLUGIN_ID if it only contains a single plugin to prevent duplicated plugins. In some places hyphens are not accepted, for example package name. In that case, hyphens - should be changed into underscores _. For example, the package name for obfs-local would probably be com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.obfs_local.

It's advised to use this library for easier development, but you're free to start from scratch following this documentation.

Plugin configuration

Plugins get their args configured via one of the following two options:

  • A configuration activity; (example)
  • If no configuration activity is found or the activity requests the fallback mode, the fallback mode will be used: user manual input and optional help message. (example)

Your user interface need not be consistent with shadowsocks-android styling - you don't need to use preferences UI at all if you don't feel like it - however it's recommended to use Material Design at minimum.

Configuration activity

If the plugin provides a configuration activity, it will be started when user picks your plugin and taps configure. It:

  • MUST have action: com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.ACTION_CONFIGURE;
  • MUST have category: android.intent.category.DEFAULT;
  • MUST be able to receive data URI plugin://com.github.shadowsocks/$PLUGIN_ID;
  • SHOULD parse string extra com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.EXTRA_OPTIONS (all options as a single string) and display the current options;
  • SHOULD distinguish between server settings and feature settings in some way, e.g. for obfs-local, obfs is a server setting and obfs_host is a feature setting;
  • On finish, it SHOULD return one of the following results:
    • RESULT_OK = 0: In this case it MUST return the data Intent with the new com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.EXTRA_OPTIONS;
    • RESULT_CANCELED = -1: Nothing will be changed;
    • RESULT_FALLBACK = 1: Fallback mode is requested and the host should display the fallback editor.

This corresponds to com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.ConfigurationActivity in the plugin library. Here's what a proper configuration activity usually should look like in AndroidManifest.xml:

<manifest>
    ...
    <application>
        ...
        <activity android:name=".ConfigActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.ACTION_CONFIGURE"/>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
                <data android:scheme="plugin"
                      android:host="com.github.shadowsocks"
                      android:path="/$PLUGIN_ID"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        ...
    </application>
</manifest>

Help activity/callback

If the plugin doesn't provide a configuration activity, it's highly recommended to provide a help message in the form of an Activity. It:

  • MUST have action: com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.ACTION_HELP;
  • MUST have category: android.intent.category.DEFAULT;
  • MUST be able to receive data URI plugin://com.github.shadowsocks/$PLUGIN_ID;
  • CAN parse string extra com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.EXTRA_OPTIONS and display some more relevant information;
  • SHOULD parse @NightMode int extra com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.EXTRA_NIGHT_MODE and act accordingly;
  • SHOULD either:
    • Be invisible and return help message with CharSequence extra com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.EXTRA_HELP_MESSAGE in the data intent with RESULT_OK; (in this case, a simple dialog will be shown containing the message)
    • Be visible and return RESULT_CANCELED.
  • SHOULD distinguish between server settings and feature settings in some way, e.g. for simple_obfs, obfs is a server setting and obfs_host is a feature setting.

This corresponds to com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.HelpActivity or com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.HelpCallback in the plugin library. Here's what a proper help activity/callback usually should look like in AndroidManifest.xml:

<manifest>
    ...
    <application>
        ...
        <activity android:name=".HelpActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.ACTION_HELP"/>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
                <data android:scheme="plugin"
                      android:host="com.github.shadowsocks"
                      android:path="/$PLUGIN_ID"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        ...
    </application>
</manifest>

Plugin implementation

Every plugin can be either in native mode or JVM mode.

Native mode

In native mode, plugins are provided as native executables and shadowsocks-libev's plugin mode will be used.

Every native mode plugin MUST have a content provider to provide the native executables (since they can exceed 1M which is the limit of Intent size) that:

  • MUST have android:label and android:icon; (may be inherited from parent application)
  • SHOULD have android:directBootAware="true" with proper support if possible;
  • MUST have an intent filter with action com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN; (used for discovering plugins)
  • MUST have meta-data com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.id with string value $PLUGIN_ID or a string resource;
  • MUST have an intent filter with action com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN and data plugin://com.github.shadowsocks/$PLUGIN_ID; (used for configuring plugin)
  • CAN have meta-data com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.default_config with string value or a string resource, default is empty;
  • MUST implement query that returns the file list which MUST include $PLUGIN_ID when having these as arguments:
    • uri = "content://$authority_of_your_provider;
    • projection = ["path", "mode"]; (relative path, for example obfs-local; file mode as integer, for example 0b110100100)
    • selection = null;
    • selectionArgs = null;
    • sortOrder = null;
  • MUST implement openFile that for files returned in query, openFile with mode = "r" returns a valid ParcelFileDescriptor for reading. For example, uri can be content://com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.kcptun/kcptun.

This corresponds to com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.NativePluginProvider in the plugin library. Here's what a proper native plugin provider usually should look like in AndroidManifest.xml:

<manifest>
    ...
    <application>
        ...
        <provider android:name=".BinaryProvider"
                  android:exported="true"
                  android:directBootAware="true"
                  android:authorities="$FULLY_QUALIFIED_NAME_OF_YOUR_CONTENTPROVIDER"
                  tools:ignore="ExportedContentProvider">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN"/>
            </intent-filter>
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN"/>
                <data android:scheme="plugin"
                      android:host="com.github.shadowsocks"
                      android:path="/$PLUGIN_ID"/>
            </intent-filter>
            <meta-data android:name="com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.id"
                       android:value="$PLUGIN_ID"/>
            <meta-data android:name="com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.default_config"
                       android:value="dummy=default;plugin=options"/>
        </provider>
        ...
    </application>
</manifest>

Native mode without binary copying

If your plugin binary executable can run in place, you can support native mode without binary copying. To support this mode, your ContentProvider must first support native mode with binary copying (this will be used if the fast routine fails) and:

  • MUST implement call that returns absolute path to the entry executable as com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.EXTRA_ENTRY when having method = "shadowsocks:getExecutable"; (com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.EXTRA_OPTIONS is provided in extras as well just in case you need them)
  • SHOULD define android:installLocation="internalOnly" for <manifest> in AndroidManifest.xml;
  • SHOULD define android:extractNativeLibs="true" for <application> in AndroidManifest.xml;

If you don't plan to support this mode, you can just throw UnsupportedOperationException when being invoked. It will fallback to the slow routine automatically.

Native mode without binary copying and setup

Additionally, if your plugin only needs to supply the path of your executable without doing any extra setup work, you can use an additional meta-data with name com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.executable_path to supply executable path to your native binary. This allows the host app to launch your plugin without ever launching your app.

JVM mode

This feature hasn't been implemented yet. Please open an issue if you need this.

Plugin security

Plugins are certified using package signatures and shadowsocks-android will consider these signatures as trusted:

  • Signatures by trusted sources which includes:
    • @madeye, i.e. the signer of the main repo;
    • The main repo doesn't contain any other trusted signatures. Third-party forks should add their signatures to this trusted sources if they have plugins signed by them before publishing their source code.
  • Current package signature, which means:
    • If you get apk from shadowsocks-android releases or Google Play, this means only apk signed by @madeye will be recognized as trusted.
    • If you get apk from a third-party fork, all plugins from that developer will get recognized as trusted automatically even if its source code isn't available anywhere online.

A warning will be shown for untrusted plugins. No arbitrary restrictions will be applied.

Plugin platform versioning

In order to be able to identify compatible and incompatible plugins, Semantic Versioning will be used.

Given a version number MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH, increment the:

  1. MAJOR version when you make incompatible API changes,
  2. MINOR version when you add functionality in a backwards-compatible manner, and
  3. PATCH version when you make backwards-compatible bug fixes.

Plugin app must include this in their application tag: (which should be automatically included if you are using our library)

<meta-data android:name="com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.version"
           android:value="1.0.0"/>

Plugin ID Aliasing

To implement plugin ID aliasing, you:

  • MUST define meta-data com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.id.aliases in your plugin content provider with android:value="alias", or use android:resources to specify a string resource or string array resource for multiple aliases.
  • MUST be able to be matched by com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN when invoked on alias. To do this, you SHOULD use multiple intent-filter and use a different android:path for each alias. Alternatively, you MAY also use a single intent-filter and use android:pathPattern to match all your aliases at once. You MUST NOT use android:pathPrefix or allow android:pathPattern to match undeclared plugin ID/alias as it might create a conflict with other plugins.
  • SHOULD NOT add or change intent-filter for activities to include your aliases -- your plugin ID will always be used.

For example:

<manifest>
    ...
    <application>
        ...
        <provider>
            ...
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN"/>
                <data android:scheme="plugin"
                      android:host="com.github.shadowsocks"
                      android:path="/$PLUGIN_ID"/>
            </intent-filter>
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN"/>
                <data android:scheme="plugin"
                      android:host="com.github.shadowsocks"
                      android:path="/$PLUGIN_ALIAS"/>
            </intent-filter>
            <meta-data android:name="com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.id"
                       android:value="$PLUGIN_ID"/>
            <meta-data android:name="com.github.shadowsocks.plugin.aliases"
                       android:value="$PLUGIN_ALIAS"/>
            ...
        </provider>
        ...
    </application>
</manifest>

Android TV

Android TV client does not invoke configuration activities. Therefore your plugins should automatically work with them.