interface.md

Interface

We want to use TypeScript's abilities to know what kind of object we pass as an item to the todo-item component. We'll make sure that the item is of the right type. But its type is not a simple string, number or boolean. We'll define the item's type using can interface.

We've already seen an interface provided by Angular: the OnInit interface which includes the method ngOnInit. Every Class that implements this interface should define this method. Otherwise we'll get an error during compile time.

Interfaces exist only in TypeScript and are removed when the code is compiled to JavaScript. In JavaScript we cannot enforce type safety out of the box.

Create a TodoItem interface in a new interfaces folder with the Angular CLI:

ng g i interfaces/todo-item

i is short for... you guessed it - interface. Adding a path causes the Angular CLI to generate the folders you stated if they do not already exist.

Open the newly created file src/app/interfaces/todo-item.ts:

{% code-tabs %} {% code-tabs-item title="src/app/interfaces/todo-item.ts" %}

export interface TodoItem {
}

{% endcode-tabs-item %} {% endcode-tabs %}

Now we can define what properties and/or methods every object of type TodoItem should have. At this point we'll add two members:

• title which must be of type string
• completed which is of type boolean and is an optional member

{% code-tabs %} {% code-tabs-item title="src/app/interfaces/todo-item.ts" %}

export interface TodoItem {
  title: string;
  completed?: boolean;
}

{% endcode-tabs-item %} {% endcode-tabs %}

Let's define the item @Input to be of the type we've created. This will allow the IDE to suggest us available members when we use item in the component class and template.

{% code-tabs %} {% code-tabs-item title="src/app/todo-item/todo-item.component.ts" %}

export class TodoItemComponent implements OnInit {
  @Input() item: TodoItem;

{% endcode-tabs-item %} {% endcode-tabs %}

You need to import the interface to this file.

{% code-tabs %} {% code-tabs-item title="src/app/todo-item/todo-item.component.ts" %}

import { TodoItem } from '../interfaces/todo-item';

{% endcode-tabs-item %} {% endcode-tabs %}

Now, let's define the list of todo items to contain objects of the TodoItem type.

{% code-tabs %} {% code-tabs-item title="src/app/app.component.ts" %}

export class AppComponent {
title = 'app';
todoList: TodoItem[] = [
  {title: 'install NodeJS'},
  {title: 'install Angular CLI'},
  {title: 'create new app'},
  {title: 'serve app'},
  {title: 'develop app'},
  {title: 'deploy app'},
];

{% endcode-tabs-item %} {% endcode-tabs %}

Again, you need to import the interface to this file.

{% code-tabs %} {% code-tabs-item title="src/app/app.component.ts" %}

import { TodoItem } from './interfaces/todo-item';

{% endcode-tabs-item %} {% endcode-tabs %}

Now try to delete the title of one of the objects in the list. What happens?