07-Exception_handling/01_handling_common_errors.ipynb

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    "# Module 7: Exception handling\n",
    "\n",
    "## Part 1: Handling common errors\n",
    "\n",
    "When developing Python programs, encountering errors is a common occurrence. Understanding common error types and knowing how to handle them can greatly improve the reliability and stability of your code. This section covers some of the most frequently encountered errors in Python and provides strategies for effectively handling them.\n",
    "\n",
    "### 1.1. Common errors\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Syntax errors: \n",
    "\n",
    "Syntax errors occur when the code violates the Python syntax rules. They are usually detected by the Python interpreter during the parsing phase and prevent the program from running. Some common causes of syntax errors include missing parentheses, incorrect indentation, or misspelled keywords.\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Name errors:\n",
    "\n",
    "NameErrors occur when a name or variable is referenced before it is defined or when the name is misspelled. These errors typically indicate that the Python interpreter cannot find the specified name or variable.\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Type errors: \n",
    "\n",
    "TypeErrors occur when an operation is performed on objects of incompatible types. This error typically arises when you attempt to use an object in a way that is not supported by its data type.\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Index errors and key errors: \n",
    "\n",
    "IndexErrors occur when attempting to access an invalid index or position in a sequence, such as a list or string. KeyError, on the other hand, occurs when trying to access a dictionary key that doesn't exist.\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Attribute errors: \n",
    "\n",
    "Attribute errors occur when you try to access an attribute or method that doesn't exist for a given object. This can happen when you mistype an attribute name or when the object doesn't have the expected attribute.\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Value errors: \n",
    "\n",
    "Value errors occur when you pass an argument with the correct type but an inappropriate value. For example, passing a negative number to a function that expects a positive value.\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Import errors: \n",
    "\n",
    "Import errors occur when you try to import a module that doesn't exist or when there is an issue with the module's dependencies.\n",
    "\n",
    "#### File-related errors:\n",
    "\n",
    "File-related errors occur when performing operations on files, such as opening, reading, or writing data. Some common file-related errors include FileNotFoundError, PermissionError, and IOError.\n",
    "\n",
    "### 1.2. Exception handling with try-except blocks\n",
    "\n",
    "For handling errors and exceptions that might occur during the execution of your code, Python provides the try-except block. This construct allows you to catch and handle specific exceptions, providing alternative paths of execution or error handling.\n",
    "\n",
    "To handle errors using try-except blocks:\n",
    "\n",
    "- Wrap the code that might raise an exception within a try block.\n",
    "- Specify the specific exception(s) you want to catch in the except block.\n",
    "- Implement error-handling logic, such as displaying an error message or performing fallback actions, within the except block.\n",
    "- Optionally, include a generic except block to handle any uncaught exceptions or perform general error handling.\n",
    "\n",
    "### 1.3. Summary\n",
    "\n",
    "Handling common errors is a crucial aspect of Python programming. By understanding the types of errors you may encounter, such as syntax errors, NameErrors, TypeErrors, IndexError, KeyError, and file-related errors, you can implement effective strategies to handle them. This includes reviewing error messages and tracebacks, verifying names and variable definitions, checking data types, ensuring valid indices or keys, and utilizing try-except blocks for exception handling. By handling errors appropriately, you can improve the robustness and reliability of your Python programs."
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