diff --git a/src/CodeCoverage.php b/src/CodeCoverage.php
index df6fedc6..d37577a6 100644
--- a/src/CodeCoverage.php
+++ b/src/CodeCoverage.php
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@
 use SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\StaticAnalysis\CachingFileAnalyser;
 use SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\StaticAnalysis\FileAnalyser;
 use SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\StaticAnalysis\ParsingFileAnalyser;
+use SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\Test\Target\MapBuilder;
+use SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\Test\Target\Mapper;
+use SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\Test\Target\TargetCollection;
+use SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\Test\Target\ValidationResult;
 use SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\Test\TestSize\TestSize;
 use SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\Test\TestStatus\TestStatus;
 use SebastianBergmann\CodeUnitReverseLookup\Wizard;
@@ -47,6 +51,7 @@ final class CodeCoverage
     private readonly Driver $driver;
     private readonly Filter $filter;
     private readonly Wizard $wizard;
+    private ?Mapper $targetMapper                    = null;
     private bool $checkForUnintentionallyCoveredCode = false;
     private bool $ignoreDeprecatedCode               = false;
     private ?string $currentId                       = null;
@@ -348,6 +353,11 @@ public function detectsDeadCode(): bool
         return $this->driver->detectsDeadCode();
     }
 
+    public function validate(TargetCollection $targets): ValidationResult
+    {
+        return $targets->validate($this->targetMapper());
+    }
+
     /**
      * @throws ReflectionException
      * @throws UnintentionallyCoveredCodeException
@@ -566,6 +576,19 @@ private function processUnintentionallyCoveredUnits(array $unintentionallyCovere
         return $processed;
     }
 
+    private function targetMapper(): Mapper
+    {
+        if ($this->targetMapper !== null) {
+            return $this->targetMapper;
+        }
+
+        $this->targetMapper = new Mapper(
+            (new MapBuilder)->build($this->filter, $this->analyser()),
+        );
+
+        return $this->targetMapper;
+    }
+
     private function analyser(): FileAnalyser
     {
         if ($this->analyser !== null) {
diff --git a/src/Target/TargetCollection.php b/src/Target/TargetCollection.php
index ef6e32ac..9914cf85 100644
--- a/src/Target/TargetCollection.php
+++ b/src/Target/TargetCollection.php
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 namespace SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\Test\Target;
 
 use function count;
+use function implode;
 use Countable;
 use IteratorAggregate;
 
@@ -67,4 +68,23 @@ public function getIterator(): TargetCollectionIterator
     {
         return new TargetCollectionIterator($this);
     }
+
+    public function validate(Mapper $mapper): ValidationResult
+    {
+        $errors = [];
+
+        foreach ($this->targets as $target) {
+            try {
+                $mapper->mapTarget($target);
+            } catch (InvalidCodeCoverageTargetException $e) {
+                $errors[] = $e->getMessage();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($errors === []) {
+            return ValidationResult::success();
+        }
+
+        return ValidationResult::failure(implode("\n", $errors));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Target/ValidationFailure.php b/src/Target/ValidationFailure.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e43791f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Target/ValidationFailure.php
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+/*
+ * This file is part of phpunit/php-code-coverage.
+ *
+ * (c) Sebastian Bergmann <sebastian@phpunit.de>
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+namespace SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\Test\Target;
+
+/**
+ * @immutable
+ *
+ * @no-named-arguments Parameter names are not covered by the backward compatibility promise for phpunit/php-code-coverage
+ */
+final readonly class ValidationFailure extends ValidationResult
+{
+    /**
+     * @var non-empty-string
+     */
+    private string $message;
+
+    /**
+     * @param non-empty-string $message
+     *
+     * @noinspection PhpMissingParentConstructorInspection
+     */
+    protected function __construct(string $message)
+    {
+        $this->message = $message;
+    }
+
+    public function isFailure(): true
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return non-empty-string
+     */
+    public function message(): string
+    {
+        return $this->message;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Target/ValidationResult.php b/src/Target/ValidationResult.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7dc0cc5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Target/ValidationResult.php
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+/*
+ * This file is part of phpunit/php-code-coverage.
+ *
+ * (c) Sebastian Bergmann <sebastian@phpunit.de>
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+namespace SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\Test\Target;
+
+/**
+ * @immutable
+ *
+ * @no-named-arguments Parameter names are not covered by the backward compatibility promise for phpunit/php-code-coverage
+ */
+abstract readonly class ValidationResult
+{
+    public static function success(): ValidationSuccess
+    {
+        return new ValidationSuccess;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param non-empty-string $message
+     */
+    public static function failure(string $message): ValidationFailure
+    {
+        return new ValidationFailure($message);
+    }
+
+    protected function __construct()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @phpstan-assert-if-true ValidationSuccess $this
+     */
+    public function isSuccess(): bool
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @phpstan-assert-if-true ValidationFailure $this
+     */
+    public function isFailure(): bool
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Target/ValidationSuccess.php b/src/Target/ValidationSuccess.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1dffd0d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Target/ValidationSuccess.php
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+/*
+ * This file is part of phpunit/php-code-coverage.
+ *
+ * (c) Sebastian Bergmann <sebastian@phpunit.de>
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+namespace SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\Test\Target;
+
+/**
+ * @immutable
+ *
+ * @no-named-arguments Parameter names are not covered by the backward compatibility promise for phpunit/php-code-coverage
+ */
+final readonly class ValidationSuccess extends ValidationResult
+{
+    public function isSuccess(): true
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/tests/Target/ValidationResultTest.php b/tests/tests/Target/ValidationResultTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66806457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tests/Target/ValidationResultTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+/*
+ * This file is part of phpunit/php-code-coverage.
+ *
+ * (c) Sebastian Bergmann <sebastian@phpunit.de>
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+namespace SebastianBergmann\CodeCoverage\Test\Target;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\CoversClass;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Small;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+#[CoversClass(ValidationResult::class)]
+#[CoversClass(ValidationSuccess::class)]
+#[CoversClass(ValidationFailure::class)]
+#[Small]
+final class ValidationResultTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public function testCanBeSuccess(): void
+    {
+        $this->assertTrue(ValidationResult::success()->isSuccess());
+        $this->assertFalse(ValidationResult::success()->isFailure());
+    }
+
+    public function testCanBeFailure(): void
+    {
+        $message = 'message';
+
+        $this->assertTrue(ValidationResult::failure($message)->isFailure());
+        $this->assertFalse(ValidationResult::failure($message)->isSuccess());
+        $this->assertSame($message, ValidationResult::failure($message)->message());
+    }
+}