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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>Yin-Yang Pong</title>
<meta
name="description"
content="The eternal battle between yin and yang, bad in good vs. good in bad. Written in JavaScript with some HTML & CSS in one index.html. Feel free to reuse the code and create your own version."
/>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://yin-yang-pong.vercel.app/" />
<link rel="author" href="https://github.com/schlagmichdoch" />
<meta name="theme-color" content="#172B36" />
<meta name="creator" content="schlagmichdoch" />
<style>
html {
height: 100%;
}
body {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #172b36 0%, #d9e8e3 100%);
}
#container {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
flex-direction: column;
width: min(70vh, 80%);
max-width: 600px;
height: 100%;
}
canvas {
display: block;
border-radius: 50%;
overflow: hidden;
width: 100%;
margin-top: auto;
box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}
#score {
font-family: monospace;
margin-top: 30px;
font-size: 16px;
padding-left: 20px;
color: #172b36;
}
#made {
text-align: center;
line-height: 1.5;
font-family: monospace;
margin-top: auto;
margin-bottom: 20px;
font-size: 10px;
}
#made a {
color: #172b36;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
<canvas id="pongCanvas" width="690" height="690"></canvas>
<div id="score"></div>
<p id="made">
made by <a href="https://github.com/schlagmichdoch">schlagmichdoch</a> | source on
<a href="https://github.com/schlagmichdoch/yin-yang-pong">github</a> | based on <a href="https://pong-wars.koenvangilst.nl/">pong-wars</a>
</p>
</div>
</body>
<script>
// Source palette: https://twitter.com/AlexCristache/status/1738610343499157872
// Idea for Pong wars: https://twitter.com/nicolasdnl/status/1749715070928433161
const colorPalette = {
ArcticPowder: "#F1F6F4",
MysticMint: "#D9E8E3",
Forsythia: "#FFC801",
DeepSaffron: "#FF9932",
NocturnalExpedition: "#114C5A",
OceanicNoir: "#172B36",
};
const canvas = document.getElementById("pongCanvas");
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
const scoreElement = document.getElementById("score");
const YIN_COLOR = colorPalette.MysticMint;
const YIN_BALL_COLOR = colorPalette.NocturnalExpedition;
const YANG_COLOR = colorPalette.NocturnalExpedition;
const YANG_BALL_COLOR = colorPalette.MysticMint;
const SPEED = 10;
const SQUARE_SIZE = 30; // must be an even integer and a factor of the canvas size
const BALL_RADIUS = SQUARE_SIZE / 2;
const BALL_CIRCUMFERENCE = 2 * Math.PI * BALL_RADIUS;
// Use diameter to ensure each pixel around the circumference is checked at least once
// Calculate next bigger power of 2 of diameter to ensure relevant angles (0, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, 1, 5/4, 3/2, 7/4) are always checked
let anglePerPixel = 1 / Math.pow(2, Math.ceil(Math.log2(BALL_CIRCUMFERENCE)));
const numSquaresX = canvas.width / SQUARE_SIZE;
const numSquaresY = canvas.height / SQUARE_SIZE;
const squares = [];
const scores = [];
scores[YIN_COLOR] = 0;
scores[YANG_COLOR] = 0;
const balls = [
{
x: canvas.width / 2,
y: canvas.height / 4,
angle: 2 * Math.random() / 3 - 1 / 3 + 1, // radians [2/3, 4/3)
color: YIN_COLOR,
ballColor: YIN_BALL_COLOR,
},
{
x: canvas.width / 2,
y: 3 * canvas.height / 4,
angle: 2 * Math.random() / 3 - 1 / 3, // radians [-1/3, 1/3)
color: YANG_COLOR,
ballColor: YANG_BALL_COLOR,
}
];
balls.forEach((ball) => {
ball.dx = calculateDxFromAngle(ball.angle);
ball.dy = calculateDyFromAngle(ball.angle);
});
let iteration = 0;
// Populate the fields with Yin-Yang pattern
for (let i = 0; i < numSquaresX; i++) {
squares[i] = [];
for (let j = 0; j < numSquaresY; j++) {
let squareRef = {
x: i < Math.floor(numSquaresX / 2)
? i * SQUARE_SIZE + SQUARE_SIZE
: i * SQUARE_SIZE,
y: j < Math.floor(numSquaresY / 2)
? j * SQUARE_SIZE + SQUARE_SIZE
: j * SQUARE_SIZE
};
let circleCenter = {
x: canvas.width / 2,
y: canvas.height / 2
};
let distance = calculateDistance(squareRef, circleCenter);
if (distance <= canvas.width / 2) {
if (
(j < Math.ceil(numSquaresY / 2) && i < Math.floor(numSquaresX / 2) + 1)
|| (j >= Math.ceil(numSquaresY / 2) && i < numSquaresX / 2 - 1)
) {
squares[i][j] = YIN_COLOR;
scores[YIN_COLOR]++;
}
else {
squares[i][j] = YANG_COLOR;
scores[YANG_COLOR]++;
}
}
else {
squares[i][j] = false;
}
}
}
for (let i = Math.floor(numSquaresX / 2); i < Math.floor(3 * numSquaresX / 4); i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < Math.floor(numSquaresY / 2); j++) {
let squareRef = {
x: i < Math.floor(numSquaresX / 2)
? i * SQUARE_SIZE + SQUARE_SIZE
: i * SQUARE_SIZE,
y: j < Math.floor(numSquaresX / 2)
? j * SQUARE_SIZE + SQUARE_SIZE
: j * SQUARE_SIZE
};
let circleCenter = {
x: canvas.width / 2,
y: canvas.height / 4
};
let distance = calculateDistance(squareRef, circleCenter);
if (squares[i][j] === YANG_COLOR && distance <= canvas.width / 4 - 1) {
squares[i][j] = YIN_COLOR;
scores[YIN_COLOR]++;
scores[YANG_COLOR]--;
}
}
}
for (let i = Math.ceil(numSquaresX / 2) - 1; i > Math.ceil(numSquaresX / 4) - 1; i--) {
for (let j = Math.floor(numSquaresY / 2); j < numSquaresY; j++) {
let squareRef = {
x: i < Math.floor(numSquaresX / 2)
? i * SQUARE_SIZE + SQUARE_SIZE
: i * SQUARE_SIZE,
y: j < Math.floor(numSquaresX / 2)
? j * SQUARE_SIZE + SQUARE_SIZE
: j * SQUARE_SIZE
};
let circleCenter = {
x: canvas.width / 2,
y: 3 * canvas.height / 4
};
let distance = calculateDistance(squareRef, circleCenter);
if (squares[i][j] === YIN_COLOR && distance <= canvas.width / 4 - 1) {
squares[i][j] = YANG_COLOR;
scores[YANG_COLOR]++;
scores[YIN_COLOR]--;
}
}
}
function drawBall(ball) {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(ball.x, ball.y, BALL_RADIUS, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
ctx.fillStyle = ball.ballColor;
ctx.fill();
}
function drawSquares() {
for (let i = 0; i < numSquaresX; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < numSquaresY; j++) {
if (squares[i][j]) {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle = squares[i][j];
ctx.rect(
i * SQUARE_SIZE,
j * SQUARE_SIZE,
SQUARE_SIZE,
SQUARE_SIZE
);
ctx.fill();
}
}
}
}
function calculateDistance(p1, p2) {
return Math.sqrt(Math.pow(p2.x - p1.x, 2) + Math.pow(p2.y - p1.y, 2));
}
function getRoundedAngle(angle) {
return Math.round(1_000_000 * angle) / 1_000_000;
}
function calculateDxFromAngle(angle) {
return Math.round(Math.sqrt(2) * Math.cos(angle * Math.PI) * 1_000_000) / 1_000_000;
}
function calculateDyFromAngle(angle) {
return Math.round(Math.sqrt(2) * Math.sin(angle * Math.PI) * 1_000_000) / 1_000_000;
}
function isAnyOtherBallInSquare(thisBall, square) {
// If this ball and square this is the exclusion zone.
// ---bb------------------ ---------------------------
// --bbbb----------------- ---------------------------
// --bbbb----------------- --------######-------------
// ---bb------------------ -------########------------
// ---------ssss---------- -------##ssss##------------
// ---------ssss---------- -------##ssss##------------
// ---------ssss---------- -------##ssss##------------
// ---------ssss---------- -------##ssss##------------
// ----------------------- -------########------------
// ----------------------- --------######-------------
// ----------------------- ---------------------------
square.x = square.sx * SQUARE_SIZE;
square.y = square.sy * SQUARE_SIZE;
for (let i = 0; i < balls.length; i++) {
let ball = balls[i];
// Do not check this ball
if (ball.color === thisBall.color) continue;
ball.sx = Math.floor(ball.x / SQUARE_SIZE);
ball.sy = Math.floor(ball.y / SQUARE_SIZE);
// Check if ball is inside square
if (ball.sx === square.sx && ball.sy === square.sy) {
return true;
}
// Check if ball is more than one square away
if (Math.abs(ball.sx - square.sx) > 1 || Math.abs(ball.sy - square.sy) > 1) {
// is not in square -> check next ball
continue;
}
// Check if ball is inside orthogonally neighboring square and closer than one radius to the according edge of this square
if (
(square.sx - ball.sx === 1 && square.x - ball.x <= BALL_RADIUS) // Left neighbor
|| (square.sy - ball.sy === 1 && square.y - ball.y <= BALL_RADIUS) // Top neighbor
|| (ball.sx - square.sx === 1 && ball.x - (square.x + SQUARE_SIZE) <= BALL_RADIUS) // Right neighbor
|| (ball.sy - square.sy === 1 && ball.y - (square.y + SQUARE_SIZE) <= BALL_RADIUS) // Bottom neighbor
) {
return true;
}
// Ball must be in diagonally neighboring square
// Check if the distance to any of the corner points of the square is closer than the ball radius -> overlap
if (
calculateDistance(ball, square) <= BALL_RADIUS
|| calculateDistance(ball, { x: square.x + SQUARE_SIZE, y: square.y }) <= BALL_RADIUS
|| calculateDistance(ball, { x: square.x, y: square.y + SQUARE_SIZE }) <= BALL_RADIUS
|| calculateDistance(ball, { x: square.x + SQUARE_SIZE, y: square.y + SQUARE_SIZE }) <= BALL_RADIUS
) {
return true;
}
}
// No ball is in square
return false;
}
function nearSquareCandidateOrBorder(ball) {
let ballSquare = {
sx: Math.floor(ball.x / SQUARE_SIZE),
sy: Math.floor(ball.y / SQUARE_SIZE)
};
// only next squares in direction of travel are candidates
let possibleSquares = [];
possibleSquares.push({
sx: ballSquare.sx + Math.sign(ball.dx),
sy: ballSquare.sy,
});
possibleSquares.push({
sx: ballSquare.sx,
sy: ballSquare.sy + Math.sign(ball.dy),
});
possibleSquares.push({
sx: ballSquare.sx + Math.sign(ball.dx),
sy: ballSquare.sy + Math.sign(ball.dy),
});
for (let i = 0; i < possibleSquares.length; i++) {
let square = possibleSquares[i];
square.x = square.sx * SQUARE_SIZE;
square.y = square.sy * SQUARE_SIZE;
let canvasCenter = {
x: canvas.width / 2 - 1,
y: canvas.height / 2 - 1
};
// check if near border
if (calculateDistance(square, canvasCenter) > canvas.width / 2 - SQUARE_SIZE) {
return true;
}
// check if square is of other color
if (!squares[square.sx] || !squares[square.sx][square.sy] || squares[square.sx][square.sy] !== ball.color) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
function updateSquareAndBounce(ball) {
let dxUpdated = ball.dx;
let dyUpdated = ball.dy;
let angleUpdated = ball.angle;
let angleCheck = 0;
let angleCols = [];
let squaresToFlip = [];
// Check multiple points around the ball's circumference
for (let i = 0; angleCheck < 2; angleCheck = getRoundedAngle(++i * anglePerPixel)) {
let angleCheckDiff = ball.angle - angleCheck;
// angles must be in range [0,2)
if (Math.sign(angleCheckDiff) === -1) {
angleCheckDiff += 2;
}
// Only check angles in vector direction
if (angleCheckDiff >= 1 / 2 && angleCheckDiff <= 3 / 2) continue;
// check is one out of circle
let check = {
x: ball.x + Math.cos(angleCheck * Math.PI) * BALL_RADIUS,
y: ball.y + Math.sin(angleCheck * Math.PI) * BALL_RADIUS
};
// Depending on which side of the circle we are, we need to round decimal pixels either up or down
// On left and top side of circle we need to reduce by one more to check potential next square.
check.x = angleCheck >= 1 / 2 && angleCheck < 3 / 2
? Math.ceil(check.x) - 1
: Math.floor(check.x);
check.y = angleCheck >= 1 && angleCheck < 2
? Math.ceil(check.y) - 1
: Math.floor(check.y);
let canvasCenter = {
x: canvas.width / 2 - 1,
y: canvas.height / 2 - 1
};
// boundary collision
if (calculateDistance(check, canvasCenter) > canvas.width / 2) {
angleCols.push(angleCheck);
}
check.sx = Math.floor(check.x / SQUARE_SIZE);
check.sy = Math.floor(check.y / SQUARE_SIZE);
if (squares[check.sx] && squares[check.sx][check.sy] && squares[check.sx][check.sy] !== ball.color) {
// Do not flip square if any other ball is inside square
if (!isAnyOtherBallInSquare(ball, check)) {
squaresToFlip.push(check);
}
angleCols.push(angleCheck);
}
}
if (angleCols.length >= 1) {
// Determine bounce direction based on the collision angle
let angleReflection;
// Multiple collisions must be combined by their mean difference
let angleColsSum = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < angleCols.length; i++) {
let angleCol = angleCols[i];
if (ball.angle < 0.5 && angleCol >= 1) {
angleCol -= 2;
}
else if (ball.angle >= 1.5 && angleCol < 1) {
angleCol += 2;
}
angleColsSum += angleCol;
}
let angleColsMean = getRoundedAngle(angleColsSum / angleCols.length);
let angleDiffsMean = getRoundedAngle(angleColsMean - ball.angle);
let angleColsInverted = angleColsMean + 1;
// angles must be in range [0,2)
if (angleColsInverted >= 2) {
angleColsInverted -= 2;
}
angleReflection = getRoundedAngle(angleColsInverted + angleDiffsMean);
// angles must be in range [0,2)
while (angleReflection >= 2) {
angleReflection -= 2;
}
while (angleReflection < 0) {
angleReflection += 2;
}
angleUpdated = angleReflection;
dxUpdated = calculateDxFromAngle(angleUpdated);
dyUpdated = calculateDyFromAngle(angleUpdated);
}
// flip square color and change scores
for (let i = 0; i < squaresToFlip.length; i++) {
const oldColor = squares[squaresToFlip[i].sx][squaresToFlip[i].sy];
// ensure each square is only flipped once
if (oldColor === ball.color) continue;
squares[squaresToFlip[i].sx][squaresToFlip[i].sy] = ball.color;
scores[ball.color]++;
scores[oldColor]--;
}
ball.dx = dxUpdated;
ball.dy = dyUpdated;
ball.angle = angleUpdated;
}
function updateScoreElement() {
scoreElement.textContent = `yin ${scores[YIN_COLOR]} | yang ${scores[YANG_COLOR]}`;
}
function draw() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
updateScoreElement();
drawSquares();
balls.forEach((ball) => {
drawBall(ball);
});
for (let step = 0; step < SPEED; step++) {
balls.forEach((ball) => {
if (nearSquareCandidateOrBorder(ball)) {
updateSquareAndBounce(ball);
}
ball.x += ball.dx;
ball.y += ball.dy;
});
}
iteration++;
if (iteration % 1_000 === 0) console.log("iteration", iteration);
requestAnimationFrame(draw);
}
requestAnimationFrame(draw);
</script>
</html>