Syntax.md

Syntax Cheat Sheet

Variables

a = 2 # Assigns the integer value 2 to the variable a
b = 3
c = a + b # Assigns the value of a plus b to the variable c
s = 'some string'

Control Structures

While loops

i = 0
while i < 10:
    print(i)
    i += 1

If statements

a = 1
b = 2
if a == b:
    print('a and b are equivalent')
elif a < b:
    print('a is smaller than b')
else:
    print('a is greater than b')

operator	function
<	less than
<=	less than or equal to
>	greater than
>=	greater than or equal to
==	equal
!=	not equal

For loops

for i in range(10):
    print(i)

for letter in 'my string':
    print(letter)

Nesting

for i in range(20):
    if i % 2 == 0:
        print(i, 'is even')
    else:
        print(i, 'is odd')

Functions

def my_function(parameter_1, parameter_2):
    print(parameter_1, parameter_2)

# Then you can call your function like this
my_function('high', 'school')
# prints "high school" to the console

Standard convention for Python files:

def main():
    # put your program's code here


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Data structures

All of the following can also use the len() call to get their length

my_list = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
print(len(my_list)) # 5

Lists

empty_list = []
empty_list = list()

my_list = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
my_list = list(range(5))

my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c']
print(my_list[0]) # a
print(my_list[1]) # b
print(my_list[len(my_list) - 1]) # c
print(my_list[-1]) # shorthand of the previous call

Tuples

empty_tuple = ()
empty_tuple = tuple()

my_tuple = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4)
my_tuple = tuple(range(5))

Dictionaries

empty_dict = {}
empty_dict = dict()

my_dict = {'one': 'eins', 'two': 'zwei', 'three': 'drei'}
print(my_dict['one']) # eins
my_dict['four'] = 'vier' # this adds the entry to the dictionary
my_dict.keys() # returns an iterable of the keys
my_dict.values() # returns an iterable of the values
for key in my_dict.keys():
    print(my_dict[key]) # this will print all the values

Other helpful info

User input

user_input = input('What would you like to input? ')

Keyboard shortcuts

Press Ctrl + c to break out of a runaway loop

Press Ctrl + d to exit the Python interpreter