…t different args

The rules for casting `*mut X<dyn A>` -> `*mut Y<dyn B>` are as follows:
- If `B` has a principal
  - `A` must have exactly the same principal (including generics)
  - Auto traits of `B` must be a subset of autotraits in `A`

Note that `X<_>` and `Y<_>` can be identity, or arbitrary structs with last field being the dyn type.
The lifetime of the trait object itself (`dyn ... + 'a`) is not checked.

This prevents a few soundness issues with `#![feature(arbitrary_self_types)]` and trait upcasting.
Namely, these checks make sure that vtable is always valid for the pointee.

I think it's fine, but let's ask T-lang separately.

…yn _

...because it's very sketchy and causes FCWs.
In this case it *is* actually sound, but still.

I should write a better fork of anymap...

Co-authored-by: Michael Goulet <[email protected]>

…uper trait

…, r=compiler-errors,oli-obk,lnicola

Make casts of pointers to trait objects stricter

This is an attempt to `fix` rust-lang#120222 and rust-lang#120217.

This is done by adding restrictions on casting pointers to trait objects.

Before this PR the rules were as follows:

> When casting `*const X<dyn A>` -> `*const Y<dyn B>`, principal traits in `A` and `B` must refer to the same trait definition (or no trait).

With this PR the rules are changed to

> When casting `*const X<dyn Src>` -> `*const Y<dyn Dst>`
> - if `Dst` has a principal trait `DstP`,
>   - `Src` must have a principal trait `SrcP`
>   - `dyn SrcP` and `dyn DstP` must be the same type (modulo the trait object lifetime, `dyn T+'a` -> `dyn T+'b` is allowed)
>   - Auto traits in `Dst` must be a subset of auto traits in `Src`
>     - Not adhering to this is currently a FCW (warn-by-default + `FutureReleaseErrorReportInDeps`), instead of an error
> - if `Src` has a principal trait `Dst` must as well
>   - this restriction will be removed in a follow up PR

This ensures that
1. Principal trait's generic arguments match (no `*const dyn Tr<A>` -> `*const dyn Tr<B>` casts, which are a problem for [rust-lang#120222](rust-lang#120222))
2. Principal trait's lifetime arguments match (no `*const dyn Tr<'a>` -> `*const dyn Tr<'b>` casts, which are a problem for [rust-lang#120217](rust-lang#120217))
3. No auto traits can be _added_ (this is a problem for arbitrary self types, see [this comment](rust-lang#120248 (comment)))

Some notes:
 - We only care about the metadata/last field, so you can still cast `*const dyn T` to `*const WithHeader<dyn T>`, etc
- The lifetime of the trait object itself (`dyn A + 'lt`) is not checked, so you can still cast `*mut FnOnce() + '_` to `*mut FnOnce() + 'static`, etc
  - This feels fishy, but I couldn't come up with a reason it must be checked

The diagnostics are currently not great, to say the least, but as far as I can tell this correctly fixes the issues.

cc `@oli-obk` `@compiler-errors` `@lcnr`

Mark format! with must_use hint

Uses unstable feature rust-lang#94745

Part of rust-lang#126475

First contribution to rust, please let me know if the blessing of tests is correct
Thanks `@bjorn3` for the help

Verify that allocations output by GVN are sufficiently aligned.

Fixes rust-lang#127396

r? `@oli-obk`

…pratt

clarify `sys::unix::fd::FileDesc::drop` comment

closes rust-lang#66876

simply clarifies some resource-relevant things regarding the `close` syscall to reduce the amount of search needed in other parts of the web.

…r=clubby789

bootstrap: once_cell::sync::Lazy -> std::sync::LazyLock

Since rust-lang#121377 has landed on beta