Guarantee that uninitialized bytes have no bit validity

[joshlf]

While this has been discussed before, it's not explicitly documented in the reference.

A few open questions:

• Does it make sense to speak about uninitialized bytes in general, or only about padding bytes? Does Rust currently have other forms of uninitialized bytes?
• Does it make sense to also define that uninitialized bytes cannot be "observed"? Currently, the closest that we have to this is statements on bit validity for various primitive types, which refer to uninitialized bytes, but do not define what they are (e.g., bools, numeric types, etc).
  • I could see an argument that we don't need to talk about "observing" in the general sense; it is sufficient to define that it is UB to transmute an uninitialized byte to another type. In fact, it should technically be sufficient not to define that it is sound to transmute an uninitialized byte to a type; since there are no types for which this is sound, there exists no soundness proof for code which would attempt to do this regardless of "intermediate" type.
• Where would be best to document this?