diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/simd.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/simd.rs
index ca910dccb0d06..604a88393fd95 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/simd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/simd.rs
@@ -191,6 +191,14 @@ pub(super) fn codegen_simd_intrinsic_call<'tcx>(
                     })
                     .try_into()
                     .unwrap(),
+                _ if idx_ty.is_simd()
+                    && matches!(
+                        idx_ty.simd_size_and_type(fx.tcx).1.kind(),
+                        ty::Uint(ty::UintTy::U32)
+                    ) =>
+                {
+                    idx_ty.simd_size_and_type(fx.tcx).0.try_into().unwrap()
+                }
                 _ => {
                     fx.tcx.dcx().span_err(
                         span,
@@ -213,6 +221,8 @@ pub(super) fn codegen_simd_intrinsic_call<'tcx>(
 
             let total_len = lane_count * 2;
 
+            // FIXME: this is a terrible abstraction-breaking hack.
+            // Find a way to reuse `immediate_const_vector` from `codegen_ssa` instead.
             let indexes = {
                 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::*;
                 let idx_const = match &idx.node {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/builder.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/builder.rs
index 47b378cc1cd82..6ba678e2e7c65 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/builder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/builder.rs
@@ -1923,15 +1923,11 @@ impl<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx> {
         v2: RValue<'gcc>,
         mask: RValue<'gcc>,
     ) -> RValue<'gcc> {
-        let struct_type = mask.get_type().is_struct().expect("mask should be of struct type");
-
         // TODO(antoyo): use a recursive unqualified() here.
         let vector_type = v1.get_type().unqualified().dyncast_vector().expect("vector type");
         let element_type = vector_type.get_element_type();
         let vec_num_units = vector_type.get_num_units();
 
-        let mask_num_units = struct_type.get_field_count();
-        let mut vector_elements = vec![];
         let mask_element_type = if element_type.is_integral() {
             element_type
         } else {
@@ -1942,19 +1938,39 @@ impl<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx> {
             #[cfg(not(feature = "master"))]
             self.int_type
         };
-        for i in 0..mask_num_units {
-            let field = struct_type.get_field(i as i32);
-            vector_elements.push(self.context.new_cast(
-                self.location,
-                mask.access_field(self.location, field).to_rvalue(),
-                mask_element_type,
-            ));
-        }
+
+        let mut mask_elements = if let Some(vector_type) = mask.get_type().dyncast_vector() {
+            let mask_num_units = vector_type.get_num_units();
+            let mut mask_elements = vec![];
+            for i in 0..mask_num_units {
+                let index = self.context.new_rvalue_from_long(self.cx.type_u32(), i as _);
+                mask_elements.push(self.context.new_cast(
+                    self.location,
+                    self.extract_element(mask, index).to_rvalue(),
+                    mask_element_type,
+                ));
+            }
+            mask_elements
+        } else {
+            let struct_type = mask.get_type().is_struct().expect("mask should be of struct type");
+            let mask_num_units = struct_type.get_field_count();
+            let mut mask_elements = vec![];
+            for i in 0..mask_num_units {
+                let field = struct_type.get_field(i as i32);
+                mask_elements.push(self.context.new_cast(
+                    self.location,
+                    mask.access_field(self.location, field).to_rvalue(),
+                    mask_element_type,
+                ));
+            }
+            mask_elements
+        };
+        let mask_num_units = mask_elements.len();
 
         // NOTE: the mask needs to be the same length as the input vectors, so add the missing
         // elements in the mask if needed.
         for _ in mask_num_units..vec_num_units {
-            vector_elements.push(self.context.new_rvalue_zero(mask_element_type));
+            mask_elements.push(self.context.new_rvalue_zero(mask_element_type));
         }
 
         let result_type = self.context.new_vector_type(element_type, mask_num_units as u64);
@@ -1998,7 +2014,7 @@ impl<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx> {
 
         let new_mask_num_units = std::cmp::max(mask_num_units, vec_num_units);
         let mask_type = self.context.new_vector_type(mask_element_type, new_mask_num_units as u64);
-        let mask = self.context.new_rvalue_from_vector(self.location, mask_type, &vector_elements);
+        let mask = self.context.new_rvalue_from_vector(self.location, mask_type, &mask_elements);
         let result = self.context.new_rvalue_vector_perm(self.location, v1, v2, mask);
 
         if vec_num_units != mask_num_units {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/intrinsic/simd.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/intrinsic/simd.rs
index 8da1df3be1534..96a833ccaf2b6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/intrinsic/simd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/intrinsic/simd.rs
@@ -353,19 +353,24 @@ pub fn generic_simd_intrinsic<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx>(
     }
 
     if name == sym::simd_shuffle {
-        // Make sure this is actually an array, since typeck only checks the length-suffixed
+        // Make sure this is actually an array or SIMD vector, since typeck only checks the length-suffixed
         // version of this intrinsic.
-        let n: u64 = match *args[2].layout.ty.kind() {
+        let idx_ty = args[2].layout.ty;
+        let n: u64 = match idx_ty.kind() {
             ty::Array(ty, len) if matches!(*ty.kind(), ty::Uint(ty::UintTy::U32)) => {
                 len.try_eval_target_usize(bx.cx.tcx, ty::ParamEnv::reveal_all()).unwrap_or_else(
                     || span_bug!(span, "could not evaluate shuffle index array length"),
                 )
             }
-            _ => return_error!(InvalidMonomorphization::SimdShuffle {
-                span,
-                name,
-                ty: args[2].layout.ty
-            }),
+            _ if idx_ty.is_simd()
+                && matches!(
+                    idx_ty.simd_size_and_type(bx.cx.tcx).1.kind(),
+                    ty::Uint(ty::UintTy::U32)
+                ) =>
+            {
+                idx_ty.simd_size_and_type(bx.cx.tcx).0
+            }
+            _ => return_error!(InvalidMonomorphization::SimdShuffle { span, name, ty: idx_ty }),
         };
         require_simd!(ret_ty, InvalidMonomorphization::SimdReturn { span, name, ty: ret_ty });
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs
index 802518dd1a23c..dc59e9349b057 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs
@@ -629,6 +629,9 @@ pub(crate) fn file_metadata<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>, source_file: &SourceFi
         };
         let hash_value = hex_encode(source_file.src_hash.hash_bytes());
 
+        let source =
+            cx.sess().opts.unstable_opts.embed_source.then_some(()).and(source_file.src.as_ref());
+
         unsafe {
             llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateFile(
                 DIB(cx),
@@ -639,6 +642,8 @@ pub(crate) fn file_metadata<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>, source_file: &SourceFi
                 hash_kind,
                 hash_value.as_ptr().cast(),
                 hash_value.len(),
+                source.map_or(ptr::null(), |x| x.as_ptr().cast()),
+                source.map_or(0, |x| x.len()),
             )
         }
     }
@@ -659,6 +664,8 @@ fn unknown_file_metadata<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> &'ll DIFile {
             llvm::ChecksumKind::None,
             hash_value.as_ptr().cast(),
             hash_value.len(),
+            ptr::null(),
+            0,
         )
     })
 }
@@ -943,6 +950,8 @@ pub(crate) fn build_compile_unit_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
             llvm::ChecksumKind::None,
             ptr::null(),
             0,
+            ptr::null(),
+            0,
         );
 
         let unit_metadata = llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateCompileUnit(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs
index abfe38d4c0cc6..a300f5f707a88 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs
@@ -1287,19 +1287,24 @@ fn generic_simd_intrinsic<'ll, 'tcx>(
     }
 
     if name == sym::simd_shuffle {
-        // Make sure this is actually an array, since typeck only checks the length-suffixed
+        // Make sure this is actually an array or SIMD vector, since typeck only checks the length-suffixed
         // version of this intrinsic.
-        let n: u64 = match args[2].layout.ty.kind() {
+        let idx_ty = args[2].layout.ty;
+        let n: u64 = match idx_ty.kind() {
             ty::Array(ty, len) if matches!(ty.kind(), ty::Uint(ty::UintTy::U32)) => {
                 len.try_eval_target_usize(bx.cx.tcx, ty::ParamEnv::reveal_all()).unwrap_or_else(
                     || span_bug!(span, "could not evaluate shuffle index array length"),
                 )
             }
-            _ => return_error!(InvalidMonomorphization::SimdShuffle {
-                span,
-                name,
-                ty: args[2].layout.ty
-            }),
+            _ if idx_ty.is_simd()
+                && matches!(
+                    idx_ty.simd_size_and_type(bx.cx.tcx).1.kind(),
+                    ty::Uint(ty::UintTy::U32)
+                ) =>
+            {
+                idx_ty.simd_size_and_type(bx.cx.tcx).0
+            }
+            _ => return_error!(InvalidMonomorphization::SimdShuffle { span, name, ty: idx_ty }),
         };
 
         let (out_len, out_ty) = require_simd!(ret_ty, SimdReturn);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
index faabbcb020d5f..7a495174ff1aa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
@@ -1860,6 +1860,8 @@ extern "C" {
         CSKind: ChecksumKind,
         Checksum: *const c_char,
         ChecksumLen: size_t,
+        Source: *const c_char,
+        SourceLen: size_t,
     ) -> &'a DIFile;
 
     pub fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateSubroutineType<'a>(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
index 8d271f61a9c75..4d19425255faf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
@@ -1317,11 +1317,9 @@ fn link_sanitizer_runtime(
     name: &str,
 ) {
     fn find_sanitizer_runtime(sess: &Session, filename: &str) -> PathBuf {
-        let session_tlib =
-            filesearch::make_target_lib_path(&sess.sysroot, sess.opts.target_triple.triple());
-        let path = session_tlib.join(filename);
+        let path = sess.target_tlib_path.dir.join(filename);
         if path.exists() {
-            return session_tlib;
+            return sess.target_tlib_path.dir.clone();
         } else {
             let default_sysroot =
                 filesearch::get_or_default_sysroot().expect("Failed finding sysroot");
@@ -1612,19 +1610,18 @@ fn print_native_static_libs(
 }
 
 fn get_object_file_path(sess: &Session, name: &str, self_contained: bool) -> PathBuf {
-    let fs = sess.target_filesearch(PathKind::Native);
-    let file_path = fs.get_lib_path().join(name);
+    let file_path = sess.target_tlib_path.dir.join(name);
     if file_path.exists() {
         return file_path;
     }
     // Special directory with objects used only in self-contained linkage mode
     if self_contained {
-        let file_path = fs.get_self_contained_lib_path().join(name);
+        let file_path = sess.target_tlib_path.dir.join("self-contained").join(name);
         if file_path.exists() {
             return file_path;
         }
     }
-    for search_path in fs.search_paths() {
+    for search_path in sess.target_filesearch(PathKind::Native).search_paths() {
         let file_path = search_path.dir.join(name);
         if file_path.exists() {
             return file_path;
@@ -2131,7 +2128,7 @@ fn add_library_search_dirs(
             | LinkSelfContainedComponents::UNWIND
             | LinkSelfContainedComponents::MINGW,
     ) {
-        let lib_path = sess.target_filesearch(PathKind::Native).get_self_contained_lib_path();
+        let lib_path = sess.target_tlib_path.dir.join("self-contained");
         cmd.include_path(&fix_windows_verbatim_for_gcc(&lib_path));
     }
 
@@ -2146,8 +2143,7 @@ fn add_library_search_dirs(
         || sess.target.os == "fuchsia"
         || sess.target.is_like_osx && !sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer.is_empty()
     {
-        let lib_path = sess.target_filesearch(PathKind::Native).get_lib_path();
-        cmd.include_path(&fix_windows_verbatim_for_gcc(&lib_path));
+        cmd.include_path(&fix_windows_verbatim_for_gcc(&sess.target_tlib_path.dir));
     }
 
     // Mac Catalyst uses the macOS SDK, but to link to iOS-specific frameworks
@@ -2859,15 +2855,14 @@ fn add_upstream_native_libraries(
 //
 // The returned path will always have `fix_windows_verbatim_for_gcc()` applied to it.
 fn rehome_sysroot_lib_dir(sess: &Session, lib_dir: &Path) -> PathBuf {
-    let sysroot_lib_path = sess.target_filesearch(PathKind::All).get_lib_path();
+    let sysroot_lib_path = &sess.target_tlib_path.dir;
     let canonical_sysroot_lib_path =
-        { try_canonicalize(&sysroot_lib_path).unwrap_or_else(|_| sysroot_lib_path.clone()) };
+        { try_canonicalize(sysroot_lib_path).unwrap_or_else(|_| sysroot_lib_path.clone()) };
 
     let canonical_lib_dir = try_canonicalize(lib_dir).unwrap_or_else(|_| lib_dir.to_path_buf());
     if canonical_lib_dir == canonical_sysroot_lib_path {
-        // This path, returned by `target_filesearch().get_lib_path()`, has
-        // already had `fix_windows_verbatim_for_gcc()` applied if needed.
-        sysroot_lib_path
+        // This path already had `fix_windows_verbatim_for_gcc()` applied if needed.
+        sysroot_lib_path.clone()
     } else {
         fix_windows_verbatim_for_gcc(lib_dir)
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/memory.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/memory.rs
index 910aec9b8e1de..97326fe99a21a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/memory.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/memory.rs
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ impl<'tcx, M: Machine<'tcx>> InterpCx<'tcx, M> {
     ///
     /// We do this so Miri's allocation access tracking does not show the validation
     /// reads as spurious accesses.
-    pub(super) fn run_for_validation<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce() -> R) -> R {
+    pub fn run_for_validation<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce() -> R) -> R {
         // This deliberately uses `==` on `bool` to follow the pattern
         // `assert!(val.replace(new) == old)`.
         assert!(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
index 34f2dca7c42ff..486136a2bcc10 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
@@ -774,6 +774,7 @@ fn test_unstable_options_tracking_hash() {
     tracked!(direct_access_external_data, Some(true));
     tracked!(dual_proc_macros, true);
     tracked!(dwarf_version, Some(5));
+    tracked!(embed_source, true);
     tracked!(emit_thin_lto, false);
     tracked!(export_executable_symbols, true);
     tracked!(fewer_names, Some(true));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp
index 79a68b2ff0e67..ed12318c88dae 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp
+++ b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp
@@ -913,14 +913,19 @@ extern "C" LLVMMetadataRef
 LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateFile(LLVMRustDIBuilderRef Builder, const char *Filename,
                             size_t FilenameLen, const char *Directory,
                             size_t DirectoryLen, LLVMRustChecksumKind CSKind,
-                            const char *Checksum, size_t ChecksumLen) {
+                            const char *Checksum, size_t ChecksumLen,
+                            const char *Source, size_t SourceLen) {
 
   std::optional<DIFile::ChecksumKind> llvmCSKind = fromRust(CSKind);
   std::optional<DIFile::ChecksumInfo<StringRef>> CSInfo{};
   if (llvmCSKind)
     CSInfo.emplace(*llvmCSKind, StringRef{Checksum, ChecksumLen});
+  std::optional<StringRef> oSource{};
+  if (Source)
+    oSource = StringRef(Source, SourceLen);
   return wrap(Builder->createFile(StringRef(Filename, FilenameLen),
-                                  StringRef(Directory, DirectoryLen), CSInfo));
+                                  StringRef(Directory, DirectoryLen), CSInfo,
+                                  oSource));
 }
 
 extern "C" LLVMMetadataRef
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_session/messages.ftl
index b84280a3ccf3f..01c371ee49884 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/messages.ftl
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ session_crate_name_empty = crate name must not be empty
 
 session_crate_name_invalid = crate names cannot start with a `-`, but `{$s}` has a leading hyphen
 
+session_embed_source_insufficient_dwarf_version = `-Zembed-source=y` requires at least `-Z dwarf-version=5` but DWARF version is {$dwarf_version}
+
+session_embed_source_requires_debug_info = `-Zembed-source=y` requires debug information to be enabled
+
 session_expr_parentheses_needed = parentheses are required to parse this as an expression
 
 session_failed_to_create_profiler = failed to create profiler: {$err}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/errors.rs
index 5cc54a5855bbe..15bbd4ff7bf4b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/errors.rs
@@ -165,6 +165,16 @@ pub(crate) struct UnsupportedDwarfVersion {
     pub(crate) dwarf_version: u32,
 }
 
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(session_embed_source_insufficient_dwarf_version)]
+pub(crate) struct EmbedSourceInsufficientDwarfVersion {
+    pub(crate) dwarf_version: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(session_embed_source_requires_debug_info)]
+pub(crate) struct EmbedSourceRequiresDebugInfo;
+
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(session_target_stack_protector_not_supported)]
 pub(crate) struct StackProtectorNotSupportedForTarget<'a> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/filesearch.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/filesearch.rs
index 63ca5fefd9faf..d78f4a78de732 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/filesearch.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/filesearch.rs
@@ -5,14 +5,11 @@ use std::{env, fs};
 
 use rustc_fs_util::{fix_windows_verbatim_for_gcc, try_canonicalize};
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
-use tracing::debug;
 
 use crate::search_paths::{PathKind, SearchPath};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct FileSearch<'a> {
-    sysroot: &'a Path,
-    triple: &'a str,
     cli_search_paths: &'a [SearchPath],
     tlib_path: &'a SearchPath,
     kind: PathKind,
@@ -32,23 +29,12 @@ impl<'a> FileSearch<'a> {
             .chain(std::iter::once(self.tlib_path))
     }
 
-    pub fn get_lib_path(&self) -> PathBuf {
-        make_target_lib_path(self.sysroot, self.triple)
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_self_contained_lib_path(&self) -> PathBuf {
-        self.get_lib_path().join("self-contained")
-    }
-
     pub fn new(
-        sysroot: &'a Path,
-        triple: &'a str,
         cli_search_paths: &'a [SearchPath],
         tlib_path: &'a SearchPath,
         kind: PathKind,
     ) -> FileSearch<'a> {
-        debug!("using sysroot = {}, triple = {}", sysroot.display(), triple);
-        FileSearch { sysroot, triple, cli_search_paths, tlib_path, kind }
+        FileSearch { cli_search_paths, tlib_path, kind }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
index df72e2430fd50..23231fbffbfdb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
@@ -1701,6 +1701,8 @@ options! {
         them only if an error has not been emitted"),
     ehcont_guard: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED],
         "generate Windows EHCont Guard tables"),
+    embed_source: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED],
+        "embed source text in DWARF debug sections (default: no)"),
     emit_stack_sizes: bool = (false, parse_bool, [UNTRACKED],
         "emit a section containing stack size metadata (default: no)"),
     emit_thin_lto: bool = (true, parse_bool, [TRACKED],
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs
index 693867c3853da..70430d82ab55b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs
@@ -37,8 +37,9 @@ use rustc_target::spec::{
 use crate::code_stats::CodeStats;
 pub use crate::code_stats::{DataTypeKind, FieldInfo, FieldKind, SizeKind, VariantInfo};
 use crate::config::{
-    self, CoverageLevel, CrateType, ErrorOutputType, FunctionReturn, Input, InstrumentCoverage,
-    OptLevel, OutFileName, OutputType, RemapPathScopeComponents, SwitchWithOptPath,
+    self, CoverageLevel, CrateType, DebugInfo, ErrorOutputType, FunctionReturn, Input,
+    InstrumentCoverage, OptLevel, OutFileName, OutputType, RemapPathScopeComponents,
+    SwitchWithOptPath,
 };
 use crate::parse::{add_feature_diagnostics, ParseSess};
 use crate::search_paths::{PathKind, SearchPath};
@@ -439,22 +440,10 @@ impl Session {
     }
 
     pub fn target_filesearch(&self, kind: PathKind) -> filesearch::FileSearch<'_> {
-        filesearch::FileSearch::new(
-            &self.sysroot,
-            self.opts.target_triple.triple(),
-            &self.opts.search_paths,
-            &self.target_tlib_path,
-            kind,
-        )
+        filesearch::FileSearch::new(&self.opts.search_paths, &self.target_tlib_path, kind)
     }
     pub fn host_filesearch(&self, kind: PathKind) -> filesearch::FileSearch<'_> {
-        filesearch::FileSearch::new(
-            &self.sysroot,
-            config::host_triple(),
-            &self.opts.search_paths,
-            &self.host_tlib_path,
-            kind,
-        )
+        filesearch::FileSearch::new(&self.opts.search_paths, &self.host_tlib_path, kind)
     }
 
     /// Returns a list of directories where target-specific tool binaries are located. Some fallback
@@ -1306,6 +1295,19 @@ fn validate_commandline_args_with_session_available(sess: &Session) {
             .emit_err(errors::SplitDebugInfoUnstablePlatform { debuginfo: sess.split_debuginfo() });
     }
 
+    if sess.opts.unstable_opts.embed_source {
+        let dwarf_version =
+            sess.opts.unstable_opts.dwarf_version.unwrap_or(sess.target.default_dwarf_version);
+
+        if dwarf_version < 5 {
+            sess.dcx().emit_warn(errors::EmbedSourceInsufficientDwarfVersion { dwarf_version });
+        }
+
+        if sess.opts.debuginfo == DebugInfo::None {
+            sess.dcx().emit_warn(errors::EmbedSourceRequiresDebugInfo);
+        }
+    }
+
     if sess.opts.unstable_opts.instrument_xray.is_some() && !sess.target.options.supports_xray {
         sess.dcx().emit_err(errors::InstrumentationNotSupported { us: "XRay".to_string() });
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
index 80f89a0ab2be0..d5f227a84a4ca 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
@@ -1750,6 +1750,9 @@ supported_targets! {
 
     ("x86_64-unikraft-linux-musl", x86_64_unikraft_linux_musl),
 
+    ("armv7-unknown-trusty", armv7_unknown_trusty),
+    ("aarch64-unknown-trusty", aarch64_unknown_trusty),
+
     ("riscv32i-unknown-none-elf", riscv32i_unknown_none_elf),
     ("riscv32im-risc0-zkvm-elf", riscv32im_risc0_zkvm_elf),
     ("riscv32im-unknown-none-elf", riscv32im_unknown_none_elf),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/aarch64_unknown_trusty.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/aarch64_unknown_trusty.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1525faf9b7e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/aarch64_unknown_trusty.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Trusty OS target for AArch64.
+
+use crate::spec::{LinkSelfContainedDefault, PanicStrategy, RelroLevel, Target, TargetOptions};
+
+pub fn target() -> Target {
+    Target {
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-unknown-musl".into(),
+        metadata: crate::spec::TargetMetadata {
+            description: Some("ARM64 Trusty".into()),
+            tier: Some(2),
+            host_tools: Some(false),
+            std: Some(false),
+        },
+        pointer_width: 64,
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128-Fn32".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions {
+            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8,+reserve-x18".into(),
+            executables: true,
+            max_atomic_width: Some(128),
+            panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
+            os: "trusty".into(),
+            position_independent_executables: true,
+            static_position_independent_executables: true,
+            crt_static_default: true,
+            crt_static_respected: true,
+            dynamic_linking: false,
+            link_self_contained: LinkSelfContainedDefault::InferredForMusl,
+            relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
+            mcount: "\u{1}_mcount".into(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        },
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/armv7_unknown_trusty.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/armv7_unknown_trusty.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ae73de5e64dc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/armv7_unknown_trusty.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+use crate::spec::{LinkSelfContainedDefault, PanicStrategy, RelroLevel, Target, TargetOptions};
+
+pub fn target() -> Target {
+    Target {
+        // It's important we use "gnueabi" and not "musleabi" here. LLVM uses it
+        // to determine the calling convention and float ABI, and it doesn't
+        // support the "musleabi" value.
+        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-unknown-gnueabi".into(),
+        metadata: crate::spec::TargetMetadata {
+            description: Some("Armv7-A Trusty".into()),
+            tier: Some(2),
+            host_tools: Some(false),
+            std: Some(false),
+        },
+        pointer_width: 32,
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions {
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
+            features: "+v7,+thumb2,+soft-float,-neon".into(),
+            max_atomic_width: Some(64),
+            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".into(),
+            os: "trusty".into(),
+            link_self_contained: LinkSelfContainedDefault::InferredForMusl,
+            dynamic_linking: false,
+            executables: true,
+            crt_static_default: true,
+            crt_static_respected: true,
+            relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
+            panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
+            position_independent_executables: true,
+            static_position_independent_executables: true,
+
+            ..Default::default()
+        },
+    }
+}
diff --git a/library/backtrace b/library/backtrace
index 72265bea21089..fc37b22dc8a38 160000
--- a/library/backtrace
+++ b/library/backtrace
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 72265bea210891ae47bbe6d4f17b493ef0606619
+Subproject commit fc37b22dc8a384d93f6b7b4817266eec6433875e
diff --git a/library/core/src/intrinsics/simd.rs b/library/core/src/intrinsics/simd.rs
index 221724d7b4ae9..5982819809937 100644
--- a/library/core/src/intrinsics/simd.rs
+++ b/library/core/src/intrinsics/simd.rs
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ extern "rust-intrinsic" {
     ///
     /// `T` must be a vector.
     ///
-    /// `U` must be a **const** array of `i32`s. This means it must either refer to a named
+    /// `U` must be a **const** array or vector of `u32`s. This means it must either refer to a named
     /// const or be given as an inline const expression (`const { ... }`).
     ///
     /// `V` must be a vector with the same element type as `T` and the same length as `U`.
diff --git a/library/core/src/num/f128.rs b/library/core/src/num/f128.rs
index 38e69e7641ab4..d4236e47bfe3b 100644
--- a/library/core/src/num/f128.rs
+++ b/library/core/src/num/f128.rs
@@ -454,11 +454,14 @@ impl f128 {
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if `self` has a positive sign, including `+0.0`, NaNs with
-    /// positive sign bit and positive infinity. Note that IEEE 754 doesn't assign any
-    /// meaning to the sign bit in case of a NaN, and as Rust doesn't guarantee that
-    /// the bit pattern of NaNs are conserved over arithmetic operations, the result of
-    /// `is_sign_positive` on a NaN might produce an unexpected result in some cases.
-    /// See [explanation of NaN as a special value](f128) for more info.
+    /// positive sign bit and positive infinity.
+    ///
+    /// Note that IEEE 754 doesn't assign any meaning to the sign bit in case of
+    /// a NaN, and as Rust doesn't guarantee that the bit pattern of NaNs are
+    /// conserved over arithmetic operations, the result of `is_sign_positive` on
+    /// a NaN might produce an unexpected or non-portable result. See the [specification
+    /// of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info. Use `self.signum() == 1.0`
+    /// if you need fully portable behavior (will return `false` for all NaNs).
     ///
     /// ```
     /// #![feature(f128)]
@@ -477,11 +480,14 @@ impl f128 {
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if `self` has a negative sign, including `-0.0`, NaNs with
-    /// negative sign bit and negative infinity. Note that IEEE 754 doesn't assign any
-    /// meaning to the sign bit in case of a NaN, and as Rust doesn't guarantee that
-    /// the bit pattern of NaNs are conserved over arithmetic operations, the result of
-    /// `is_sign_negative` on a NaN might produce an unexpected result in some cases.
-    /// See [explanation of NaN as a special value](f128) for more info.
+    /// negative sign bit and negative infinity.
+    ///
+    /// Note that IEEE 754 doesn't assign any meaning to the sign bit in case of
+    /// a NaN, and as Rust doesn't guarantee that the bit pattern of NaNs are
+    /// conserved over arithmetic operations, the result of `is_sign_negative` on
+    /// a NaN might produce an unexpected or non-portable result. See the [specification
+    /// of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info. Use `self.signum() == -1.0`
+    /// if you need fully portable behavior (will return `false` for all NaNs).
     ///
     /// ```
     /// #![feature(f128)]
@@ -750,7 +756,7 @@ impl f128 {
     /// Note that this follows the semantics specified in IEEE 754-2019.
     ///
     /// Also note that "propagation" of NaNs here doesn't necessarily mean that the bitpattern of a NaN
-    /// operand is conserved; see [explanation of NaN as a special value](f128) for more info.
+    /// operand is conserved; see the [specification of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info.
     #[inline]
     #[unstable(feature = "f128", issue = "116909")]
     // #[unstable(feature = "float_minimum_maximum", issue = "91079")]
@@ -791,7 +797,7 @@ impl f128 {
     /// Note that this follows the semantics specified in IEEE 754-2019.
     ///
     /// Also note that "propagation" of NaNs here doesn't necessarily mean that the bitpattern of a NaN
-    /// operand is conserved; see [explanation of NaN as a special value](f128) for more info.
+    /// operand is conserved; see the [specification of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info.
     #[inline]
     #[unstable(feature = "f128", issue = "116909")]
     // #[unstable(feature = "float_minimum_maximum", issue = "91079")]
diff --git a/library/core/src/num/f16.rs b/library/core/src/num/f16.rs
index bb0cc1c60ba5a..1e2f841aca733 100644
--- a/library/core/src/num/f16.rs
+++ b/library/core/src/num/f16.rs
@@ -464,11 +464,14 @@ impl f16 {
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if `self` has a positive sign, including `+0.0`, NaNs with
-    /// positive sign bit and positive infinity. Note that IEEE 754 doesn't assign any
-    /// meaning to the sign bit in case of a NaN, and as Rust doesn't guarantee that
-    /// the bit pattern of NaNs are conserved over arithmetic operations, the result of
-    /// `is_sign_positive` on a NaN might produce an unexpected result in some cases.
-    /// See [explanation of NaN as a special value](f16) for more info.
+    /// positive sign bit and positive infinity.
+    ///
+    /// Note that IEEE 754 doesn't assign any meaning to the sign bit in case of
+    /// a NaN, and as Rust doesn't guarantee that the bit pattern of NaNs are
+    /// conserved over arithmetic operations, the result of `is_sign_positive` on
+    /// a NaN might produce an unexpected or non-portable result. See the [specification
+    /// of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info. Use `self.signum() == 1.0`
+    /// if you need fully portable behavior (will return `false` for all NaNs).
     ///
     /// ```
     /// #![feature(f16)]
@@ -490,11 +493,14 @@ impl f16 {
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if `self` has a negative sign, including `-0.0`, NaNs with
-    /// negative sign bit and negative infinity. Note that IEEE 754 doesn't assign any
-    /// meaning to the sign bit in case of a NaN, and as Rust doesn't guarantee that
-    /// the bit pattern of NaNs are conserved over arithmetic operations, the result of
-    /// `is_sign_negative` on a NaN might produce an unexpected result in some cases.
-    /// See [explanation of NaN as a special value](f16) for more info.
+    /// negative sign bit and negative infinity.
+    ///
+    /// Note that IEEE 754 doesn't assign any meaning to the sign bit in case of
+    /// a NaN, and as Rust doesn't guarantee that the bit pattern of NaNs are
+    /// conserved over arithmetic operations, the result of `is_sign_negative` on
+    /// a NaN might produce an unexpected or non-portable result. See the [specification
+    /// of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info. Use `self.signum() == -1.0`
+    /// if you need fully portable behavior (will return `false` for all NaNs).
     ///
     /// ```
     /// #![feature(f16)]
@@ -762,7 +768,7 @@ impl f16 {
     /// Note that this follows the semantics specified in IEEE 754-2019.
     ///
     /// Also note that "propagation" of NaNs here doesn't necessarily mean that the bitpattern of a NaN
-    /// operand is conserved; see [explanation of NaN as a special value](f16) for more info.
+    /// operand is conserved; see the [specification of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info.
     #[inline]
     #[unstable(feature = "f16", issue = "116909")]
     // #[unstable(feature = "float_minimum_maximum", issue = "91079")]
@@ -802,7 +808,7 @@ impl f16 {
     /// Note that this follows the semantics specified in IEEE 754-2019.
     ///
     /// Also note that "propagation" of NaNs here doesn't necessarily mean that the bitpattern of a NaN
-    /// operand is conserved; see [explanation of NaN as a special value](f16) for more info.
+    /// operand is conserved; see the [specification of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info.
     #[inline]
     #[unstable(feature = "f16", issue = "116909")]
     // #[unstable(feature = "float_minimum_maximum", issue = "91079")]
diff --git a/library/core/src/num/f32.rs b/library/core/src/num/f32.rs
index 719727e2f1e0a..c1adcc753f2e5 100644
--- a/library/core/src/num/f32.rs
+++ b/library/core/src/num/f32.rs
@@ -700,8 +700,9 @@ impl f32 {
     /// Note that IEEE 754 doesn't assign any meaning to the sign bit in case of
     /// a NaN, and as Rust doesn't guarantee that the bit pattern of NaNs are
     /// conserved over arithmetic operations, the result of `is_sign_positive` on
-    /// a NaN might produce an unexpected result in some cases. See [explanation
-    /// of NaN as a special value](f32) for more info.
+    /// a NaN might produce an unexpected or non-portable result. See the [specification
+    /// of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info. Use `self.signum() == 1.0`
+    /// if you need fully portable behavior (will return `false` for all NaNs).
     ///
     /// ```
     /// let f = 7.0_f32;
@@ -724,8 +725,9 @@ impl f32 {
     /// Note that IEEE 754 doesn't assign any meaning to the sign bit in case of
     /// a NaN, and as Rust doesn't guarantee that the bit pattern of NaNs are
     /// conserved over arithmetic operations, the result of `is_sign_negative` on
-    /// a NaN might produce an unexpected result in some cases. See [explanation
-    /// of NaN as a special value](f32) for more info.
+    /// a NaN might produce an unexpected or non-portable result. See the [specification
+    /// of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info. Use `self.signum() == -1.0`
+    /// if you need fully portable behavior (will return `false` for all NaNs).
     ///
     /// ```
     /// let f = 7.0f32;
@@ -954,7 +956,7 @@ impl f32 {
     /// Note that this follows the semantics specified in IEEE 754-2019.
     ///
     /// Also note that "propagation" of NaNs here doesn't necessarily mean that the bitpattern of a NaN
-    /// operand is conserved; see [explanation of NaN as a special value](f32) for more info.
+    /// operand is conserved; see the [specification of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info.
     #[must_use = "this returns the result of the comparison, without modifying either input"]
     #[unstable(feature = "float_minimum_maximum", issue = "91079")]
     #[inline]
@@ -989,7 +991,7 @@ impl f32 {
     /// Note that this follows the semantics specified in IEEE 754-2019.
     ///
     /// Also note that "propagation" of NaNs here doesn't necessarily mean that the bitpattern of a NaN
-    /// operand is conserved; see [explanation of NaN as a special value](f32) for more info.
+    /// operand is conserved; see the [specification of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info.
     #[must_use = "this returns the result of the comparison, without modifying either input"]
     #[unstable(feature = "float_minimum_maximum", issue = "91079")]
     #[inline]
diff --git a/library/core/src/num/f64.rs b/library/core/src/num/f64.rs
index 85eb152ad1f19..e6406771ad333 100644
--- a/library/core/src/num/f64.rs
+++ b/library/core/src/num/f64.rs
@@ -695,8 +695,9 @@ impl f64 {
     /// Note that IEEE 754 doesn't assign any meaning to the sign bit in case of
     /// a NaN, and as Rust doesn't guarantee that the bit pattern of NaNs are
     /// conserved over arithmetic operations, the result of `is_sign_positive` on
-    /// a NaN might produce an unexpected result in some cases. See [explanation
-    /// of NaN as a special value](f32) for more info.
+    /// a NaN might produce an unexpected or non-portable result. See the [specification
+    /// of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info. Use `self.signum() == 1.0`
+    /// if you need fully portable behavior (will return `false` for all NaNs).
     ///
     /// ```
     /// let f = 7.0_f64;
@@ -728,8 +729,9 @@ impl f64 {
     /// Note that IEEE 754 doesn't assign any meaning to the sign bit in case of
     /// a NaN, and as Rust doesn't guarantee that the bit pattern of NaNs are
     /// conserved over arithmetic operations, the result of `is_sign_negative` on
-    /// a NaN might produce an unexpected result in some cases. See [explanation
-    /// of NaN as a special value](f32) for more info.
+    /// a NaN might produce an unexpected or non-portable result. See the [specification
+    /// of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info. Use `self.signum() == -1.0`
+    /// if you need fully portable behavior (will return `false` for all NaNs).
     ///
     /// ```
     /// let f = 7.0_f64;
@@ -968,7 +970,7 @@ impl f64 {
     /// Note that this follows the semantics specified in IEEE 754-2019.
     ///
     /// Also note that "propagation" of NaNs here doesn't necessarily mean that the bitpattern of a NaN
-    /// operand is conserved; see [explanation of NaN as a special value](f32) for more info.
+    /// operand is conserved; see the [specification of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info.
     #[must_use = "this returns the result of the comparison, without modifying either input"]
     #[unstable(feature = "float_minimum_maximum", issue = "91079")]
     #[inline]
@@ -1003,7 +1005,7 @@ impl f64 {
     /// Note that this follows the semantics specified in IEEE 754-2019.
     ///
     /// Also note that "propagation" of NaNs here doesn't necessarily mean that the bitpattern of a NaN
-    /// operand is conserved; see [explanation of NaN as a special value](f32) for more info.
+    /// operand is conserved; see the [specification of NaN bit patterns](f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info.
     #[must_use = "this returns the result of the comparison, without modifying either input"]
     #[unstable(feature = "float_minimum_maximum", issue = "91079")]
     #[inline]
diff --git a/library/core/src/primitive_docs.rs b/library/core/src/primitive_docs.rs
index 09ebef89fb0c2..7f35c7789e281 100644
--- a/library/core/src/primitive_docs.rs
+++ b/library/core/src/primitive_docs.rs
@@ -1190,6 +1190,11 @@ mod prim_f16 {}
 ///     portable or even fully deterministic! This means that there may be some
 ///     surprising results upon inspecting the bit patterns,
 ///     as the same calculations might produce NaNs with different bit patterns.
+///     This also affects the sign of the NaN: checking `is_sign_positive` or `is_sign_negative` on
+///     a NaN is the most common way to run into these surprising results.
+///     (Checking `x >= 0.0` or `x <= 0.0` avoids those surprises, but also how negative/positive
+///     zero are treated.)
+///     See the section below for what exactly is guaranteed about the bit pattern of a NaN.
 ///
 /// When a primitive operation (addition, subtraction, multiplication, or
 /// division) is performed on this type, the result is rounded according to the
@@ -1211,6 +1216,79 @@ mod prim_f16 {}
 /// *[See also the `std::f32::consts` module](crate::f32::consts).*
 ///
 /// [wikipedia]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-precision_floating-point_format
+///
+/// # NaN bit patterns
+///
+/// This section defines the possible NaN bit patterns returned by non-"bitwise" floating point
+/// operations. The bitwise operations are unary `-`, `abs`, `copysign`; those are guaranteed to
+/// exactly preserve the bit pattern of their input except for possibly changing the sign bit.
+///
+/// A floating-point NaN value consists of:
+/// - a sign bit
+/// - a quiet/signaling bit
+/// - a payload, which makes up the rest of the significand (i.e., the mantissa) except for the
+///   quiet/signaling bit.
+///
+/// Rust assumes that the quiet/signaling bit being set to `1` indicates a quiet NaN (QNaN), and a
+/// value of `0` indicates a signaling NaN (SNaN). In the following we will hence just call it the
+/// "quiet bit".
+///
+/// The following rules apply when a NaN value is returned: the result has a non-deterministic sign.
+/// The quiet bit and payload are non-deterministically chosen from the following set of options:
+///
+/// - **Preferred NaN**: The quiet bit is set and the payload is all-zero.
+/// - **Quieting NaN propagation**: The quiet bit is set and the payload is copied from any input
+///   operand that is a NaN. If the inputs and outputs do not have the same payload size (i.e., for
+///   `as` casts), then
+///   - If the output is smaller than the input, low-order bits of the payload get dropped.
+///   - If the output is larger than the input, the payload gets filled up with 0s in the low-order
+///     bits.
+/// - **Unchanged NaN propagation**: The quiet bit and payload are copied from any input operand
+///   that is a NaN. If the inputs and outputs do not have the same size (i.e., for `as` casts), the
+///   same rules as for "quieting NaN propagation" apply, with one caveat: if the output is smaller
+///   than the input, droppig the low-order bits may result in a payload of 0; a payload of 0 is not
+///   possible with a signaling NaN (the all-0 significand encodes an infinity) so unchanged NaN
+///   propagation cannot occur with some inputs.
+/// - **Target-specific NaN**: The quiet bit is set and the payload is picked from a target-specific
+///   set of "extra" possible NaN payloads. The set can depend on the input operand values.
+///   See the table below for the concrete NaNs this set contains on various targets.
+///
+/// In particular, if all input NaNs are quiet (or if there are no input NaNs), then the output NaN
+/// is definitely quiet. Signaling NaN outputs can only occur if they are provided as an input
+/// value. Similarly, if all input NaNs are preferred (or if there are no input NaNs) and the target
+/// does not have any "extra" NaN payloads, then the output NaN is guaranteed to be preferred.
+///
+/// The non-deterministic choice happens when the operation is executed; i.e., the result of a
+/// NaN-producing floating point operation is a stable bit pattern (looking at these bits multiple
+/// times will yield consistent results), but running the same operation twice with the same inputs
+/// can produce different results.
+///
+/// These guarantees are neither stronger nor weaker than those of IEEE 754: IEEE 754 guarantees
+/// that an operation never returns a signaling NaN, whereas it is possible for operations like
+/// `SNAN * 1.0` to return a signaling NaN in Rust. Conversely, IEEE 754 makes no statement at all
+/// about which quiet NaN is returned, whereas Rust restricts the set of possible results to the
+/// ones listed above.
+///
+/// Unless noted otherwise, the same rules also apply to NaNs returned by other library functions
+/// (e.g. `min`, `minimum`, `max`, `maximum`); other aspects of their semantics and which IEEE 754
+/// operation they correspond to are documented with the respective functions.
+///
+/// When a floating-point operation is executed in `const` context, the same rules apply: no
+/// guarantee is made about which of the NaN bit patterns described above will be returned. The
+/// result does not have to match what happens when executing the same code at runtime, and the
+/// result can vary depending on factors such as compiler version and flags.
+///
+/// ### Target-specific "extra" NaN values
+// FIXME: Is there a better place to put this?
+///
+/// | `target_arch` | Extra payloads possible on this platform |
+/// |---------------|---------|
+/// | `x86`, `x86_64`, `arm`, `aarch64`, `riscv32`, `riscv64` | None |
+/// | `sparc`, `sparc64` | The all-one payload |
+/// | `wasm32`, `wasm64` | If all input NaNs are quiet with all-zero payload: None.<br> Otherwise: all possible payloads. |
+///
+/// For targets not in this table, all payloads are possible.
+
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 mod prim_f32 {}
 
diff --git a/library/std/src/f128.rs b/library/std/src/f128.rs
index f6df6259137bf..506d708d0d2eb 100644
--- a/library/std/src/f128.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/f128.rs
@@ -248,11 +248,11 @@ impl f128 {
     /// Returns a number composed of the magnitude of `self` and the sign of
     /// `sign`.
     ///
-    /// Equal to `self` if the sign of `self` and `sign` are the same, otherwise
-    /// equal to `-self`. If `self` is a NaN, then a NaN with the sign bit of
-    /// `sign` is returned. Note, however, that conserving the sign bit on NaN
-    /// across arithmetical operations is not generally guaranteed.
-    /// See [explanation of NaN as a special value](primitive@f128) for more info.
+    /// Equal to `self` if the sign of `self` and `sign` are the same, otherwise equal to `-self`.
+    /// If `self` is a NaN, then a NaN with the same payload as `self` and the sign bit of `sign` is
+    /// returned. Note, however, that conserving the sign bit on NaN across arithmetical operations
+    /// is not generally guaranteed. See [specification of NaN bit
+    /// patterns](primitive@f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
diff --git a/library/std/src/f16.rs b/library/std/src/f16.rs
index 10908332762d5..033a3d4500932 100644
--- a/library/std/src/f16.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/f16.rs
@@ -247,11 +247,11 @@ impl f16 {
     /// Returns a number composed of the magnitude of `self` and the sign of
     /// `sign`.
     ///
-    /// Equal to `self` if the sign of `self` and `sign` are the same, otherwise
-    /// equal to `-self`. If `self` is a NaN, then a NaN with the sign bit of
-    /// `sign` is returned. Note, however, that conserving the sign bit on NaN
-    /// across arithmetical operations is not generally guaranteed.
-    /// See [explanation of NaN as a special value](primitive@f16) for more info.
+    /// Equal to `self` if the sign of `self` and `sign` are the same, otherwise equal to `-self`.
+    /// If `self` is a NaN, then a NaN with the same payload as `self` and the sign bit of `sign` is
+    /// returned. Note, however, that conserving the sign bit on NaN across arithmetical operations
+    /// is not generally guaranteed. See [specification of NaN bit
+    /// patterns](primitive@f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
diff --git a/library/std/src/f32.rs b/library/std/src/f32.rs
index 12433d25bfa45..35c2a77b5338d 100644
--- a/library/std/src/f32.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/f32.rs
@@ -226,11 +226,11 @@ impl f32 {
     /// Returns a number composed of the magnitude of `self` and the sign of
     /// `sign`.
     ///
-    /// Equal to `self` if the sign of `self` and `sign` are the same, otherwise
-    /// equal to `-self`. If `self` is a NaN, then a NaN with the sign bit of
-    /// `sign` is returned. Note, however, that conserving the sign bit on NaN
-    /// across arithmetical operations is not generally guaranteed.
-    /// See [explanation of NaN as a special value](primitive@f32) for more info.
+    /// Equal to `self` if the sign of `self` and `sign` are the same, otherwise equal to `-self`.
+    /// If `self` is a NaN, then a NaN with the same payload as `self` and the sign bit of `sign` is
+    /// returned. Note, however, that conserving the sign bit on NaN across arithmetical operations
+    /// is not generally guaranteed. See [specification of NaN bit
+    /// patterns](primitive@f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
diff --git a/library/std/src/f64.rs b/library/std/src/f64.rs
index a343e19173e59..c177f74a97e15 100644
--- a/library/std/src/f64.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/f64.rs
@@ -226,11 +226,11 @@ impl f64 {
     /// Returns a number composed of the magnitude of `self` and the sign of
     /// `sign`.
     ///
-    /// Equal to `self` if the sign of `self` and `sign` are the same, otherwise
-    /// equal to `-self`. If `self` is a NaN, then a NaN with the sign bit of
-    /// `sign` is returned. Note, however, that conserving the sign bit on NaN
-    /// across arithmetical operations is not generally guaranteed.
-    /// See [explanation of NaN as a special value](primitive@f32) for more info.
+    /// Equal to `self` if the sign of `self` and `sign` are the same, otherwise equal to `-self`.
+    /// If `self` is a NaN, then a NaN with the same payload as `self` and the sign bit of `sign` is
+    /// returned. Note, however, that conserving the sign bit on NaN across arithmetical operations
+    /// is not generally guaranteed. See [specification of NaN bit
+    /// patterns](primitive@f32#nan-bit-patterns) for more info.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
index ce23b7735f8bd..bdfee55d8d183 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
@@ -1885,6 +1885,22 @@ impl Config {
                     warn("link-shared");
                 }
 
+                // FIXME(#129153): instead of all the ad-hoc `download-ci-llvm` checks that follow,
+                // use the `builder-config` present in tarballs since #128822 to compare the local
+                // config to the ones used to build the LLVM artifacts on CI, and only notify users
+                // if they've chosen a different value.
+
+                if libzstd.is_some() {
+                    println!(
+                        "WARNING: when using `download-ci-llvm`, the local `llvm.libzstd` option, \
+                        like almost all `llvm.*` options, will be ignored and set by the LLVM CI \
+                        artifacts builder config."
+                    );
+                    println!(
+                        "HELP: To use `llvm.libzstd` for LLVM/LLD builds, set `download-ci-llvm` option to false."
+                    );
+                }
+
                 // None of the LLVM options, except assertions, are supported
                 // when using downloaded LLVM. We could just ignore these but
                 // that's potentially confusing, so force them to not be
@@ -1894,7 +1910,6 @@ impl Config {
                 check_ci_llvm!(optimize_toml);
                 check_ci_llvm!(thin_lto);
                 check_ci_llvm!(release_debuginfo);
-                check_ci_llvm!(libzstd);
                 check_ci_llvm!(targets);
                 check_ci_llvm!(experimental_targets);
                 check_ci_llvm!(clang_cl);
diff --git a/src/ci/docker/host-x86_64/dist-x86_64-linux/Dockerfile b/src/ci/docker/host-x86_64/dist-x86_64-linux/Dockerfile
index 61e9694f1e2ae..e857f38e68a85 100644
--- a/src/ci/docker/host-x86_64/dist-x86_64-linux/Dockerfile
+++ b/src/ci/docker/host-x86_64/dist-x86_64-linux/Dockerfile
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ COPY host-x86_64/dist-x86_64-linux/build-clang.sh /tmp/
 RUN ./build-clang.sh
 ENV CC=clang CXX=clang++
 
-# rustc's LLVM needs zstd.
-COPY scripts/zstd.sh /tmp/
-RUN ./zstd.sh
+# Build zstd to enable `llvm.libzstd`.
+COPY host-x86_64/dist-x86_64-linux/build-zstd.sh /tmp/
+RUN ./build-zstd.sh
 
 COPY scripts/sccache.sh /scripts/
 RUN sh /scripts/sccache.sh
diff --git a/src/ci/docker/scripts/zstd.sh b/src/ci/docker/host-x86_64/dist-x86_64-linux/build-zstd.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from src/ci/docker/scripts/zstd.sh
rename to src/ci/docker/host-x86_64/dist-x86_64-linux/build-zstd.sh
diff --git a/src/ci/docker/host-x86_64/x86_64-gnu/Dockerfile b/src/ci/docker/host-x86_64/x86_64-gnu/Dockerfile
index 19683317126ab..83c2aa8cfb3b7 100644
--- a/src/ci/docker/host-x86_64/x86_64-gnu/Dockerfile
+++ b/src/ci/docker/host-x86_64/x86_64-gnu/Dockerfile
@@ -28,5 +28,6 @@ ENV RUST_CONFIGURE_ARGS \
  --build=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu \
  --enable-sanitizers \
  --enable-profiler \
- --enable-compiler-docs
+ --enable-compiler-docs \
+ --set llvm.libzstd=true
 ENV SCRIPT python3 ../x.py --stage 2 test
diff --git a/src/doc/rustc/src/SUMMARY.md b/src/doc/rustc/src/SUMMARY.md
index 4e34e2667cfc0..b3a74a7716bb3 100644
--- a/src/doc/rustc/src/SUMMARY.md
+++ b/src/doc/rustc/src/SUMMARY.md
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
     - [aarch64-unknown-teeos](platform-support/aarch64-unknown-teeos.md)
     - [\*-espidf](platform-support/esp-idf.md)
     - [\*-unknown-fuchsia](platform-support/fuchsia.md)
+    - [\*-unknown-trusty](platform-support/trusty.md)
     - [\*-kmc-solid_\*](platform-support/kmc-solid.md)
     - [csky-unknown-linux-gnuabiv2\*](platform-support/csky-unknown-linux-gnuabiv2.md)
     - [hexagon-unknown-linux-musl](platform-support/hexagon-unknown-linux-musl.md)
diff --git a/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support.md b/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support.md
index dd478e9df379e..0d79e5f4114e3 100644
--- a/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support.md
+++ b/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support.md
@@ -264,6 +264,7 @@ target | std | host | notes
 [`aarch64-unknown-netbsd`](platform-support/netbsd.md) | ✓ | ✓ | ARM64 NetBSD
 [`aarch64-unknown-openbsd`](platform-support/openbsd.md) | ✓ | ✓ | ARM64 OpenBSD
 [`aarch64-unknown-redox`](platform-support/redox.md) | ✓ |  | ARM64 Redox OS
+[`aarch64-unknown-trusty`](platform-support/trusty.md) | ? |  |
 `aarch64-uwp-windows-msvc` | ✓ |  |
 [`aarch64-wrs-vxworks`](platform-support/vxworks.md) | ✓ |  | ARM64 VxWorks OS
 `aarch64_be-unknown-linux-gnu_ilp32` | ✓ | ✓ | ARM64 Linux (big-endian, ILP32 ABI)
@@ -283,6 +284,7 @@ target | std | host | notes
 [`armv7-unknown-linux-uclibceabihf`](platform-support/armv7-unknown-linux-uclibceabihf.md) | ✓ | ? | Armv7-A Linux with uClibc, hardfloat
 `armv7-unknown-freebsd` | ✓ | ✓ | Armv7-A FreeBSD
 [`armv7-unknown-netbsd-eabihf`](platform-support/netbsd.md) | ✓ | ✓ | Armv7-A NetBSD w/hard-float
+[`armv7-unknown-trusty`](platform-support/trusty.md) | ? |  |
 [`armv7-wrs-vxworks-eabihf`](platform-support/vxworks.md) | ✓ |  | Armv7-A for VxWorks
 [`armv7a-kmc-solid_asp3-eabi`](platform-support/kmc-solid.md) | ✓ |  | ARM SOLID with TOPPERS/ASP3
 [`armv7a-kmc-solid_asp3-eabihf`](platform-support/kmc-solid.md) | ✓ |  | ARM SOLID with TOPPERS/ASP3, hardfloat
diff --git a/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support/trusty.md b/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support/trusty.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dec3b96ff6449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support/trusty.md
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# `aarch64-unknown-trusty` and `armv7-unknown-trusty`
+
+**Tier: 3**
+
+[Trusty] is a secure Operating System that provides a Trusted Execution
+Environment (TEE) for Android.
+
+## Target maintainers
+
+- Nicole LeGare (@randomPoison)
+- Stephen Crane (@rinon)
+- As a fallback trusty-dev-team@google.com can be contacted
+
+## Requirements
+
+These targets are cross-compiled. They have no special requirements for the host.
+
+Support for the standard library is work-in-progress. It is expected that
+they will support alloc with the default allocator, and partially support std.
+
+Trusty uses the ELF file format.
+
+## Building the target
+
+The targets can be built by enabling them for a `rustc` build, for example:
+
+```toml
+[build]
+build-stage = 1
+target = ["aarch64-unknown-trusty", "armv7-unknown-trusty"]
+```
+
+## Building Rust programs
+
+There is currently no supported way to build a Trusty app with Cargo. You can
+follow the [Trusty build instructions] to build the Trusty kernel along with any
+Rust apps that are setup in the project.
+
+## Testing
+
+See the [Trusty build instructions] for information on how to build Rust code
+within the main Trusty project. The main project also includes infrastructure
+for testing Rust applications within a QEMU emulator.
+
+## Cross-compilation toolchains and C code
+
+See the [Trusty build instructions] for information on how C code is built
+within Trusty.
+
+[Trusty]: https://source.android.com/docs/security/features/trusty
+[Trusty build instructions]: https://source.android.com/docs/security/features/trusty/download-and-build
diff --git a/src/doc/style-guide/src/items.md b/src/doc/style-guide/src/items.md
index 8e1b1d80fb644..5ea8b6cd54294 100644
--- a/src/doc/style-guide/src/items.md
+++ b/src/doc/style-guide/src/items.md
@@ -449,8 +449,8 @@ entries, format it across multiple lines as with a type alias.
 ## extern items
 
 When writing extern items (such as `extern "C" fn`), always specify the ABI.
-For example, write `extern "C" fn foo ...`, not `extern fn foo ...`, or
-`extern "C" { ... }`.
+For example, write `extern "C" fn foo ...` or `unsafe extern "C" { ...}`
+and avoid `extern fn foo ...` and `unsafe extern { ... }`.
 
 ## Imports (`use` statements)
 
diff --git a/src/doc/unstable-book/src/compiler-flags/embed-source.md b/src/doc/unstable-book/src/compiler-flags/embed-source.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..01a11e3779712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/doc/unstable-book/src/compiler-flags/embed-source.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# `embed-source`
+
+This flag controls whether the compiler embeds the program source code text into
+the object debug information section. It takes one of the following values:
+
+* `y`, `yes`, `on` or `true`: put source code in debug info.
+* `n`, `no`, `off`, `false` or no value: omit source code from debug info (the default).
+
+This flag is ignored in configurations that don't emit DWARF debug information
+and is ignored on non-LLVM backends. `-Z embed-source` requires DWARFv5. Use
+`-Z dwarf-version=5` to control the compiler's DWARF target version and `-g` to
+enable debug info generation.
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/command-list.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/command-list.rs
index 7f8080235c870..a559d6f81a240 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/command-list.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/command-list.rs
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ const KNOWN_DIRECTIVE_NAMES: &[&str] = &[
     "needs-force-clang-based-tests",
     "needs-git-hash",
     "needs-llvm-components",
+    "needs-llvm-zstd",
     "needs-profiler-support",
     "needs-relocation-model-pic",
     "needs-run-enabled",
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header.rs
index 1fc24301c85e6..933913eb47c34 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header.rs
@@ -1203,6 +1203,107 @@ pub fn extract_llvm_version_from_binary(binary_path: &str) -> Option<u32> {
     None
 }
 
+/// For tests using the `needs-llvm-zstd` directive:
+/// - for local LLVM builds, try to find the static zstd library in the llvm-config system libs.
+/// - for `download-ci-llvm`, see if `lld` was built with zstd support.
+pub fn llvm_has_libzstd(config: &Config) -> bool {
+    // Strategy 1: works for local builds but not with `download-ci-llvm`.
+    //
+    // We check whether `llvm-config` returns the zstd library. Bootstrap's `llvm.libzstd` will only
+    // ask to statically link it when building LLVM, so we only check if the list of system libs
+    // contains a path to that static lib, and that it exists.
+    //
+    // See compiler/rustc_llvm/build.rs for more details and similar expectations.
+    fn is_zstd_in_config(llvm_bin_dir: &Path) -> Option<()> {
+        let llvm_config_path = llvm_bin_dir.join("llvm-config");
+        let output = Command::new(llvm_config_path).arg("--system-libs").output().ok()?;
+        assert!(output.status.success(), "running llvm-config --system-libs failed");
+
+        let libs = String::from_utf8(output.stdout).ok()?;
+        for lib in libs.split_whitespace() {
+            if lib.ends_with("libzstd.a") && Path::new(lib).exists() {
+                return Some(());
+            }
+        }
+
+        None
+    }
+
+    // Strategy 2: `download-ci-llvm`'s `llvm-config --system-libs` will not return any libs to
+    // use.
+    //
+    // The CI artifacts also don't contain the bootstrap config used to build them: otherwise we
+    // could have looked at the `llvm.libzstd` config.
+    //
+    // We infer whether `LLVM_ENABLE_ZSTD` was used to build LLVM as a byproduct of testing whether
+    // `lld` supports it. If not, an error will be emitted: "LLVM was not built with
+    // LLVM_ENABLE_ZSTD or did not find zstd at build time".
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    fn is_lld_built_with_zstd(llvm_bin_dir: &Path) -> Option<()> {
+        let lld_path = llvm_bin_dir.join("lld");
+        if lld_path.exists() {
+            // We can't call `lld` as-is, it expects to be invoked by a compiler driver using a
+            // different name. Prepare a temporary symlink to do that.
+            let lld_symlink_path = llvm_bin_dir.join("ld.lld");
+            if !lld_symlink_path.exists() {
+                std::os::unix::fs::symlink(lld_path, &lld_symlink_path).ok()?;
+            }
+
+            // Run `lld` with a zstd flag. We expect this command to always error here, we don't
+            // want to link actual files and don't pass any.
+            let output = Command::new(&lld_symlink_path)
+                .arg("--compress-debug-sections=zstd")
+                .output()
+                .ok()?;
+            assert!(!output.status.success());
+
+            // Look for a specific error caused by LLVM not being built with zstd support. We could
+            // also look for the "no input files" message, indicating the zstd flag was accepted.
+            let stderr = String::from_utf8(output.stderr).ok()?;
+            let zstd_available = !stderr.contains("LLVM was not built with LLVM_ENABLE_ZSTD");
+
+            // We don't particularly need to clean the link up (so the previous commands could fail
+            // in theory but won't in practice), but we can try.
+            std::fs::remove_file(lld_symlink_path).ok()?;
+
+            if zstd_available {
+                return Some(());
+            }
+        }
+
+        None
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(unix))]
+    fn is_lld_built_with_zstd(_llvm_bin_dir: &Path) -> Option<()> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    if let Some(llvm_bin_dir) = &config.llvm_bin_dir {
+        // Strategy 1: for local LLVM builds.
+        if is_zstd_in_config(llvm_bin_dir).is_some() {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Strategy 2: for LLVM artifacts built on CI via `download-ci-llvm`.
+        //
+        // It doesn't work for cases where the artifacts don't contain the linker, but it's
+        // best-effort: CI has `llvm.libzstd` and `lld` enabled on the x64 linux artifacts, so it
+        // will at least work there.
+        //
+        // If this can be improved and expanded to less common cases in the future, it should.
+        if config.target == "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"
+            && config.host == config.target
+            && is_lld_built_with_zstd(llvm_bin_dir).is_some()
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise, all hope is lost.
+    false
+}
+
 /// Takes a directive of the form "<version1> [- <version2>]",
 /// returns the numeric representation of <version1> and <version2> as
 /// tuple: (<version1> as u32, <version2> as u32)
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/needs.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/needs.rs
index 8f935d5b74441..72b1b9c6d480a 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/needs.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header/needs.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::common::{Config, Sanitizer};
-use crate::header::IgnoreDecision;
+use crate::header::{llvm_has_libzstd, IgnoreDecision};
 
 pub(super) fn handle_needs(
     cache: &CachedNeedsConditions,
@@ -144,6 +144,11 @@ pub(super) fn handle_needs(
             condition: cache.symlinks,
             ignore_reason: "ignored if symlinks are unavailable",
         },
+        Need {
+            name: "needs-llvm-zstd",
+            condition: cache.llvm_zstd,
+            ignore_reason: "ignored if LLVM wasn't build with zstd for ELF section compression",
+        },
     ];
 
     let (name, comment) = match ln.split_once([':', ' ']) {
@@ -169,7 +174,7 @@ pub(super) fn handle_needs(
             } else {
                 return IgnoreDecision::Ignore {
                     reason: if let Some(comment) = comment {
-                        format!("{} ({comment})", need.ignore_reason)
+                        format!("{} ({})", need.ignore_reason, comment.trim())
                     } else {
                         need.ignore_reason.into()
                     },
@@ -210,6 +215,8 @@ pub(super) struct CachedNeedsConditions {
     rust_lld: bool,
     dlltool: bool,
     symlinks: bool,
+    /// Whether LLVM built with zstd, for the `needs-llvm-zstd` directive.
+    llvm_zstd: bool,
 }
 
 impl CachedNeedsConditions {
@@ -253,6 +260,7 @@ impl CachedNeedsConditions {
                 .join(if config.host.contains("windows") { "rust-lld.exe" } else { "rust-lld" })
                 .exists(),
 
+            llvm_zstd: llvm_has_libzstd(&config),
             dlltool: find_dlltool(&config),
             symlinks: has_symlinks(),
         }
diff --git a/src/tools/miri/src/concurrency/data_race.rs b/src/tools/miri/src/concurrency/data_race.rs
index 9df0d95f1f275..6fd207c92b937 100644
--- a/src/tools/miri/src/concurrency/data_race.rs
+++ b/src/tools/miri/src/concurrency/data_race.rs
@@ -617,9 +617,10 @@ pub trait EvalContextExt<'tcx>: MiriInterpCxExt<'tcx> {
         // the *value* (including the associated provenance if this is an AtomicPtr) at this location.
         // Only metadata on the location itself is used.
         let scalar = this.allow_data_races_ref(move |this| this.read_scalar(place))?;
-        this.buffered_atomic_read(place, atomic, scalar, || {
+        let buffered_scalar = this.buffered_atomic_read(place, atomic, scalar, || {
             this.validate_atomic_load(place, atomic)
-        })
+        })?;
+        Ok(buffered_scalar.ok_or_else(|| err_ub!(InvalidUninitBytes(None)))?)
     }
 
     /// Perform an atomic write operation at the memory location.
@@ -632,14 +633,14 @@ pub trait EvalContextExt<'tcx>: MiriInterpCxExt<'tcx> {
         let this = self.eval_context_mut();
         this.atomic_access_check(dest, AtomicAccessType::Store)?;
 
+        // Read the previous value so we can put it in the store buffer later.
+        // The program didn't actually do a read, so suppress the memory access hooks.
+        // This is also a very special exception where we just ignore an error -- if this read
+        // was UB e.g. because the memory is uninitialized, we don't want to know!
+        let old_val = this.run_for_validation(|| this.read_scalar(dest)).ok();
         this.allow_data_races_mut(move |this| this.write_scalar(val, dest))?;
         this.validate_atomic_store(dest, atomic)?;
-        // FIXME: it's not possible to get the value before write_scalar. A read_scalar will cause
-        // side effects from a read the program did not perform. So we have to initialise
-        // the store buffer with the value currently being written
-        // ONCE this is fixed please remove the hack in buffered_atomic_write() in weak_memory.rs
-        // https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/issues/2164
-        this.buffered_atomic_write(val, dest, atomic, val)
+        this.buffered_atomic_write(val, dest, atomic, old_val)
     }
 
     /// Perform an atomic RMW operation on a memory location.
@@ -768,7 +769,7 @@ pub trait EvalContextExt<'tcx>: MiriInterpCxExt<'tcx> {
             // in the modification order.
             // Since `old` is only a value and not the store element, we need to separately
             // find it in our store buffer and perform load_impl on it.
-            this.perform_read_on_buffered_latest(place, fail, old.to_scalar())?;
+            this.perform_read_on_buffered_latest(place, fail)?;
         }
 
         // Return the old value.
diff --git a/src/tools/miri/src/concurrency/weak_memory.rs b/src/tools/miri/src/concurrency/weak_memory.rs
index 6f4171584a8f7..0605b744e6afd 100644
--- a/src/tools/miri/src/concurrency/weak_memory.rs
+++ b/src/tools/miri/src/concurrency/weak_memory.rs
@@ -39,11 +39,10 @@
 //! to attach store buffers to atomic objects. However, Rust follows LLVM in that it only has
 //! 'atomic accesses'. Therefore Miri cannot know when and where atomic 'objects' are being
 //! created or destroyed, to manage its store buffers. Instead, we hence lazily create an
-//! atomic object on the first atomic access to a given region, and we destroy that object
-//! on the next non-atomic or imperfectly overlapping atomic access to that region.
+//! atomic object on the first atomic write to a given region, and we destroy that object
+//! on the next non-atomic or imperfectly overlapping atomic write to that region.
 //! These lazy (de)allocations happen in memory_accessed() on non-atomic accesses, and
-//! get_or_create_store_buffer() on atomic accesses. This mostly works well, but it does
-//! lead to some issues (<https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/issues/2164>).
+//! get_or_create_store_buffer_mut() on atomic writes.
 //!
 //! One consequence of this difference is that safe/sound Rust allows for more operations on atomic locations
 //! than the C++20 atomic API was intended to allow, such as non-atomically accessing
@@ -144,11 +143,9 @@ struct StoreElement {
 
     /// The timestamp of the storing thread when it performed the store
     timestamp: VTimestamp,
-    /// The value of this store
-    // FIXME: this means the store must be fully initialized;
-    // we will have to change this if we want to support atomics on
-    // (partially) uninitialized data.
-    val: Scalar,
+    /// The value of this store. `None` means uninitialized.
+    // FIXME: Currently, we cannot represent partial initialization.
+    val: Option<Scalar>,
 
     /// Metadata about loads from this store element,
     /// behind a RefCell to keep load op take &self
@@ -170,7 +167,7 @@ impl StoreBufferAlloc {
 
     /// When a non-atomic access happens on a location that has been atomically accessed
     /// before without data race, we can determine that the non-atomic access fully happens
-    /// after all the prior atomic accesses so the location no longer needs to exhibit
+    /// after all the prior atomic writes so the location no longer needs to exhibit
     /// any weak memory behaviours until further atomic accesses.
     pub fn memory_accessed(&self, range: AllocRange, global: &DataRaceState) {
         if !global.ongoing_action_data_race_free() {
@@ -192,37 +189,29 @@ impl StoreBufferAlloc {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Gets a store buffer associated with an atomic object in this allocation,
-    /// or creates one with the specified initial value if no atomic object exists yet.
-    fn get_or_create_store_buffer<'tcx>(
+    /// Gets a store buffer associated with an atomic object in this allocation.
+    /// Returns `None` if there is no store buffer.
+    fn get_store_buffer<'tcx>(
         &self,
         range: AllocRange,
-        init: Scalar,
-    ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, Ref<'_, StoreBuffer>> {
+    ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, Option<Ref<'_, StoreBuffer>>> {
         let access_type = self.store_buffers.borrow().access_type(range);
         let pos = match access_type {
             AccessType::PerfectlyOverlapping(pos) => pos,
-            AccessType::Empty(pos) => {
-                let mut buffers = self.store_buffers.borrow_mut();
-                buffers.insert_at_pos(pos, range, StoreBuffer::new(init));
-                pos
-            }
-            AccessType::ImperfectlyOverlapping(pos_range) => {
-                // Once we reach here we would've already checked that this access is not racy.
-                let mut buffers = self.store_buffers.borrow_mut();
-                buffers.remove_pos_range(pos_range.clone());
-                buffers.insert_at_pos(pos_range.start, range, StoreBuffer::new(init));
-                pos_range.start
-            }
+            // If there is nothing here yet, that means there wasn't an atomic write yet so
+            // we can't return anything outdated.
+            _ => return Ok(None),
         };
-        Ok(Ref::map(self.store_buffers.borrow(), |buffer| &buffer[pos]))
+        let store_buffer = Ref::map(self.store_buffers.borrow(), |buffer| &buffer[pos]);
+        Ok(Some(store_buffer))
     }
 
-    /// Gets a mutable store buffer associated with an atomic object in this allocation
+    /// Gets a mutable store buffer associated with an atomic object in this allocation,
+    /// or creates one with the specified initial value if no atomic object exists yet.
     fn get_or_create_store_buffer_mut<'tcx>(
         &mut self,
         range: AllocRange,
-        init: Scalar,
+        init: Option<Scalar>,
     ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, &mut StoreBuffer> {
         let buffers = self.store_buffers.get_mut();
         let access_type = buffers.access_type(range);
@@ -244,10 +233,8 @@ impl StoreBufferAlloc {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> StoreBuffer {
-    fn new(init: Scalar) -> Self {
+    fn new(init: Option<Scalar>) -> Self {
         let mut buffer = VecDeque::new();
-        buffer.reserve(STORE_BUFFER_LIMIT);
-        let mut ret = Self { buffer };
         let store_elem = StoreElement {
             // The thread index and timestamp of the initialisation write
             // are never meaningfully used, so it's fine to leave them as 0
@@ -257,11 +244,11 @@ impl<'tcx> StoreBuffer {
             is_seqcst: false,
             load_info: RefCell::new(LoadInfo::default()),
         };
-        ret.buffer.push_back(store_elem);
-        ret
+        buffer.push_back(store_elem);
+        Self { buffer }
     }
 
-    /// Reads from the last store in modification order
+    /// Reads from the last store in modification order, if any.
     fn read_from_last_store(
         &self,
         global: &DataRaceState,
@@ -282,7 +269,7 @@ impl<'tcx> StoreBuffer {
         is_seqcst: bool,
         rng: &mut (impl rand::Rng + ?Sized),
         validate: impl FnOnce() -> InterpResult<'tcx>,
-    ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, (Scalar, LoadRecency)> {
+    ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, (Option<Scalar>, LoadRecency)> {
         // Having a live borrow to store_buffer while calling validate_atomic_load is fine
         // because the race detector doesn't touch store_buffer
 
@@ -419,15 +406,15 @@ impl<'tcx> StoreBuffer {
             // In the language provided in the paper, an atomic store takes the value from a
             // non-atomic memory location.
             // But we already have the immediate value here so we don't need to do the memory
-            // access
-            val,
+            // access.
+            val: Some(val),
             is_seqcst,
             load_info: RefCell::new(LoadInfo::default()),
         };
-        self.buffer.push_back(store_elem);
-        if self.buffer.len() > STORE_BUFFER_LIMIT {
+        if self.buffer.len() >= STORE_BUFFER_LIMIT {
             self.buffer.pop_front();
         }
+        self.buffer.push_back(store_elem);
         if is_seqcst {
             // Every store that happens before this needs to be marked as SC
             // so that in a later SC load, only the last SC store (i.e. this one) or stores that
@@ -450,7 +437,12 @@ impl StoreElement {
     /// buffer regardless of subsequent loads by the same thread; if the earliest load of another
     /// thread doesn't happen before the current one, then no subsequent load by the other thread
     /// can happen before the current one.
-    fn load_impl(&self, index: VectorIdx, clocks: &ThreadClockSet, is_seqcst: bool) -> Scalar {
+    fn load_impl(
+        &self,
+        index: VectorIdx,
+        clocks: &ThreadClockSet,
+        is_seqcst: bool,
+    ) -> Option<Scalar> {
         let mut load_info = self.load_info.borrow_mut();
         load_info.sc_loaded |= is_seqcst;
         let _ = load_info.timestamps.try_insert(index, clocks.clock[index]);
@@ -479,7 +471,7 @@ pub(super) trait EvalContextExt<'tcx>: crate::MiriInterpCxExt<'tcx> {
                 global.sc_write(threads);
             }
             let range = alloc_range(base_offset, place.layout.size);
-            let buffer = alloc_buffers.get_or_create_store_buffer_mut(range, init)?;
+            let buffer = alloc_buffers.get_or_create_store_buffer_mut(range, Some(init))?;
             buffer.read_from_last_store(global, threads, atomic == AtomicRwOrd::SeqCst);
             buffer.buffered_write(new_val, global, threads, atomic == AtomicRwOrd::SeqCst)?;
         }
@@ -492,47 +484,55 @@ pub(super) trait EvalContextExt<'tcx>: crate::MiriInterpCxExt<'tcx> {
         atomic: AtomicReadOrd,
         latest_in_mo: Scalar,
         validate: impl FnOnce() -> InterpResult<'tcx>,
-    ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, Scalar> {
+    ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, Option<Scalar>> {
         let this = self.eval_context_ref();
-        if let Some(global) = &this.machine.data_race {
-            let (alloc_id, base_offset, ..) = this.ptr_get_alloc_id(place.ptr(), 0)?;
-            if let Some(alloc_buffers) = this.get_alloc_extra(alloc_id)?.weak_memory.as_ref() {
-                if atomic == AtomicReadOrd::SeqCst {
-                    global.sc_read(&this.machine.threads);
-                }
-                let mut rng = this.machine.rng.borrow_mut();
-                let buffer = alloc_buffers.get_or_create_store_buffer(
-                    alloc_range(base_offset, place.layout.size),
-                    latest_in_mo,
-                )?;
-                let (loaded, recency) = buffer.buffered_read(
-                    global,
-                    &this.machine.threads,
-                    atomic == AtomicReadOrd::SeqCst,
-                    &mut *rng,
-                    validate,
-                )?;
-                if global.track_outdated_loads && recency == LoadRecency::Outdated {
-                    this.emit_diagnostic(NonHaltingDiagnostic::WeakMemoryOutdatedLoad {
-                        ptr: place.ptr(),
-                    });
+        'fallback: {
+            if let Some(global) = &this.machine.data_race {
+                let (alloc_id, base_offset, ..) = this.ptr_get_alloc_id(place.ptr(), 0)?;
+                if let Some(alloc_buffers) = this.get_alloc_extra(alloc_id)?.weak_memory.as_ref() {
+                    if atomic == AtomicReadOrd::SeqCst {
+                        global.sc_read(&this.machine.threads);
+                    }
+                    let mut rng = this.machine.rng.borrow_mut();
+                    let Some(buffer) = alloc_buffers
+                        .get_store_buffer(alloc_range(base_offset, place.layout.size))?
+                    else {
+                        // No old writes available, fall back to base case.
+                        break 'fallback;
+                    };
+                    let (loaded, recency) = buffer.buffered_read(
+                        global,
+                        &this.machine.threads,
+                        atomic == AtomicReadOrd::SeqCst,
+                        &mut *rng,
+                        validate,
+                    )?;
+                    if global.track_outdated_loads && recency == LoadRecency::Outdated {
+                        this.emit_diagnostic(NonHaltingDiagnostic::WeakMemoryOutdatedLoad {
+                            ptr: place.ptr(),
+                        });
+                    }
+
+                    return Ok(loaded);
                 }
-
-                return Ok(loaded);
             }
         }
 
         // Race detector or weak memory disabled, simply read the latest value
         validate()?;
-        Ok(latest_in_mo)
+        Ok(Some(latest_in_mo))
     }
 
+    /// Add the given write to the store buffer. (Does not change machine memory.)
+    ///
+    /// `init` says with which value to initialize the store buffer in case there wasn't a store
+    /// buffer for this memory range before.
     fn buffered_atomic_write(
         &mut self,
         val: Scalar,
         dest: &MPlaceTy<'tcx>,
         atomic: AtomicWriteOrd,
-        init: Scalar,
+        init: Option<Scalar>,
     ) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
         let this = self.eval_context_mut();
         let (alloc_id, base_offset, ..) = this.ptr_get_alloc_id(dest.ptr(), 0)?;
@@ -545,23 +545,8 @@ pub(super) trait EvalContextExt<'tcx>: crate::MiriInterpCxExt<'tcx> {
                 global.sc_write(threads);
             }
 
-            // UGLY HACK: in write_scalar_atomic() we don't know the value before our write,
-            // so init == val always. If the buffer is fresh then we would've duplicated an entry,
-            // so we need to remove it.
-            // See https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/issues/2164
-            let was_empty = matches!(
-                alloc_buffers
-                    .store_buffers
-                    .borrow()
-                    .access_type(alloc_range(base_offset, dest.layout.size)),
-                AccessType::Empty(_)
-            );
             let buffer = alloc_buffers
                 .get_or_create_store_buffer_mut(alloc_range(base_offset, dest.layout.size), init)?;
-            if was_empty {
-                buffer.buffer.pop_front();
-            }
-
             buffer.buffered_write(val, global, threads, atomic == AtomicWriteOrd::SeqCst)?;
         }
 
@@ -576,7 +561,6 @@ pub(super) trait EvalContextExt<'tcx>: crate::MiriInterpCxExt<'tcx> {
         &self,
         place: &MPlaceTy<'tcx>,
         atomic: AtomicReadOrd,
-        init: Scalar,
     ) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
         let this = self.eval_context_ref();
 
@@ -587,8 +571,12 @@ pub(super) trait EvalContextExt<'tcx>: crate::MiriInterpCxExt<'tcx> {
             let size = place.layout.size;
             let (alloc_id, base_offset, ..) = this.ptr_get_alloc_id(place.ptr(), 0)?;
             if let Some(alloc_buffers) = this.get_alloc_extra(alloc_id)?.weak_memory.as_ref() {
-                let buffer = alloc_buffers
-                    .get_or_create_store_buffer(alloc_range(base_offset, size), init)?;
+                let Some(buffer) =
+                    alloc_buffers.get_store_buffer(alloc_range(base_offset, size))?
+                else {
+                    // No store buffer, nothing to do.
+                    return Ok(());
+                };
                 buffer.read_from_last_store(
                     global,
                     &this.machine.threads,
diff --git a/src/tools/miri/tests/fail/weak_memory/weak_uninit.rs b/src/tools/miri/tests/fail/weak_memory/weak_uninit.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..54bea6c6908e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/miri/tests/fail/weak_memory/weak_uninit.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//@compile-flags: -Zmiri-ignore-leaks -Zmiri-preemption-rate=0
+
+// Tests showing weak memory behaviours are exhibited. All tests
+// return true when the desired behaviour is seen.
+// This is scheduler and pseudo-RNG dependent, so each test is
+// run multiple times until one try returns true.
+// Spurious failure is possible, if you are really unlucky with
+// the RNG and always read the latest value from the store buffer.
+#![feature(new_uninit)]
+
+use std::sync::atomic::*;
+use std::thread::spawn;
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+struct EvilSend<T>(pub T);
+
+unsafe impl<T> Send for EvilSend<T> {}
+unsafe impl<T> Sync for EvilSend<T> {}
+
+// We can't create static items because we need to run each test multiple times.
+fn static_uninit_atomic() -> &'static AtomicUsize {
+    unsafe { Box::leak(Box::new_uninit()).assume_init_ref() }
+}
+
+fn relaxed() {
+    let x = static_uninit_atomic();
+    let j1 = spawn(move || {
+        x.store(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    });
+
+    let j2 = spawn(move || x.load(Ordering::Relaxed)); //~ERROR: using uninitialized data
+
+    j1.join().unwrap();
+    j2.join().unwrap();
+}
+
+pub fn main() {
+    // If we try often enough, we should hit UB.
+    for _ in 0..100 {
+        relaxed();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/miri/tests/fail/weak_memory/weak_uninit.stderr b/src/tools/miri/tests/fail/weak_memory/weak_uninit.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9aa5bc2fa76df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/miri/tests/fail/weak_memory/weak_uninit.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+error: Undefined Behavior: using uninitialized data, but this operation requires initialized memory
+  --> $DIR/weak_uninit.rs:LL:CC
+   |
+LL |     let j2 = spawn(move || x.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
+   |                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ using uninitialized data, but this operation requires initialized memory
+   |
+   = help: this indicates a bug in the program: it performed an invalid operation, and caused Undefined Behavior
+   = help: see https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/reference/behavior-considered-undefined.html for further information
+   = note: BACKTRACE on thread `unnamed-ID`:
+   = note: inside closure at $DIR/weak_uninit.rs:LL:CC
+
+note: some details are omitted, run with `MIRIFLAGS=-Zmiri-backtrace=full` for a verbose backtrace
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
+
diff --git a/src/tools/miri/tests/pass/weak_memory/weak.rs b/src/tools/miri/tests/pass/weak_memory/weak.rs
index dac63eeeb0b24..1b5c98cd51826 100644
--- a/src/tools/miri/tests/pass/weak_memory/weak.rs
+++ b/src/tools/miri/tests/pass/weak_memory/weak.rs
@@ -18,11 +18,9 @@ struct EvilSend<T>(pub T);
 unsafe impl<T> Send for EvilSend<T> {}
 unsafe impl<T> Sync for EvilSend<T> {}
 
-// We can't create static items because we need to run each test
-// multiple times
+// We can't create static items because we need to run each test multiple times.
 fn static_atomic(val: usize) -> &'static AtomicUsize {
-    let ret = Box::leak(Box::new(AtomicUsize::new(val)));
-    ret
+    Box::leak(Box::new(AtomicUsize::new(val)))
 }
 
 // Spins until it reads the given value
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ fn reads_value(loc: &AtomicUsize, val: usize) -> usize {
     val
 }
 
-fn relaxed() -> bool {
+fn relaxed(initial_read: bool) -> bool {
     let x = static_atomic(0);
     let j1 = spawn(move || {
         x.store(1, Relaxed);
@@ -47,7 +45,9 @@ fn relaxed() -> bool {
     j1.join().unwrap();
     let r2 = j2.join().unwrap();
 
-    r2 == 1
+    // There are three possible values here: 0 (from the initial read), 1 (from the first relaxed
+    // read), and 2 (the last read). The last case is boring and we cover the other two.
+    r2 == if initial_read { 0 } else { 1 }
 }
 
 // https://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~afd/homepages/papers/pdfs/2017/POPL.pdf Figure 8
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ fn seq_cst() -> bool {
 
 fn initialization_write(add_fence: bool) -> bool {
     let x = static_atomic(11);
-    assert_eq!(x.load(Relaxed), 11); // work around https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/issues/2164
 
     let wait = static_atomic(0);
 
@@ -112,11 +111,8 @@ fn faa_replaced_by_load() -> bool {
     }
 
     let x = static_atomic(0);
-    assert_eq!(x.load(Relaxed), 0); // work around https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/issues/2164
     let y = static_atomic(0);
-    assert_eq!(y.load(Relaxed), 0); // work around https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/issues/2164
     let z = static_atomic(0);
-    assert_eq!(z.load(Relaxed), 0); // work around https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/issues/2164
 
     // Since each thread is so short, we need to make sure that they truely run at the same time
     // Otherwise t1 will finish before t2 even starts
@@ -146,7 +142,8 @@ fn assert_once(f: fn() -> bool) {
 }
 
 pub fn main() {
-    assert_once(relaxed);
+    assert_once(|| relaxed(false));
+    assert_once(|| relaxed(true));
     assert_once(seq_cst);
     assert_once(|| initialization_write(false));
     assert_once(|| initialization_write(true));
diff --git a/tests/assembly/targets/targets-elf.rs b/tests/assembly/targets/targets-elf.rs
index c3a083321e229..6f0a200a08cf3 100644
--- a/tests/assembly/targets/targets-elf.rs
+++ b/tests/assembly/targets/targets-elf.rs
@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@
 //@ revisions: aarch64_unknown_teeos
 //@ [aarch64_unknown_teeos] compile-flags: --target aarch64-unknown-teeos
 //@ [aarch64_unknown_teeos] needs-llvm-components: aarch64
+//@ revisions: aarch64_unknown_trusty
+//@ [aarch64_unknown_trusty] compile-flags: --target aarch64-unknown-trusty
+//@ [aarch64_unknown_trusty] needs-llvm-components: aarch64
 //@ revisions: aarch64_wrs_vxworks
 //@ [aarch64_wrs_vxworks] compile-flags: --target aarch64-wrs-vxworks
 //@ [aarch64_wrs_vxworks] needs-llvm-components: aarch64
@@ -153,6 +156,9 @@
 //@ revisions: armv7_unknown_netbsd_eabihf
 //@ [armv7_unknown_netbsd_eabihf] compile-flags: --target armv7-unknown-netbsd-eabihf
 //@ [armv7_unknown_netbsd_eabihf] needs-llvm-components: arm
+//@ revisions: armv7_unknown_trusty
+//@ [armv7_unknown_trusty] compile-flags: --target armv7-unknown-trusty
+//@ [armv7_unknown_trusty] needs-llvm-components: arm
 //@ revisions: armv7_wrs_vxworks_eabihf
 //@ [armv7_wrs_vxworks_eabihf] compile-flags: --target armv7-wrs-vxworks-eabihf
 //@ [armv7_wrs_vxworks_eabihf] needs-llvm-components: arm
diff --git a/tests/run-make/rust-lld-compress-debug-sections/main.rs b/tests/run-make/compressed-debuginfo-zstd/main.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/run-make/rust-lld-compress-debug-sections/main.rs
rename to tests/run-make/compressed-debuginfo-zstd/main.rs
diff --git a/tests/run-make/compressed-debuginfo-zstd/rmake.rs b/tests/run-make/compressed-debuginfo-zstd/rmake.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8356373e949aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/run-make/compressed-debuginfo-zstd/rmake.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Checks debuginfo compression both for the always-enabled zlib, and when the optional zstd is
+// enabled:
+// - via rustc's `debuginfo-compression`,
+// - and via rust-lld's `compress-debug-sections`
+
+//@ needs-llvm-zstd: we want LLVM/LLD to be built with zstd support
+//@ needs-rust-lld: the system linker will most likely not support zstd
+//@ only-linux
+//@ ignore-cross-compile
+
+use run_make_support::{llvm_readobj, run_in_tmpdir, Rustc};
+
+fn check_compression(compression: &str, to_find: &str) {
+    // check compressed debug sections via rustc flag
+    prepare_and_check(to_find, |rustc| {
+        rustc.arg(&format!("-Zdebuginfo-compression={compression}"))
+    });
+
+    // check compressed debug sections via rust-lld flag
+    prepare_and_check(to_find, |rustc| {
+        rustc.link_arg(&format!("-Wl,--compress-debug-sections={compression}"))
+    });
+}
+
+fn prepare_and_check<F: FnOnce(&mut Rustc) -> &mut Rustc>(to_find: &str, prepare_rustc: F) {
+    run_in_tmpdir(|| {
+        let mut rustc = Rustc::new();
+        rustc
+            .arg("-Zlinker-features=+lld")
+            .arg("-Clink-self-contained=+linker")
+            .arg("-Zunstable-options")
+            .arg("-Cdebuginfo=full")
+            .input("main.rs");
+        prepare_rustc(&mut rustc).run();
+        llvm_readobj().arg("-t").arg("main").run().assert_stdout_contains(to_find);
+    });
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    check_compression("zlib", "ZLIB");
+    check_compression("zstd", "ZSTD");
+}
diff --git a/tests/run-make/embed-source-dwarf/main.rs b/tests/run-make/embed-source-dwarf/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c80af84f41415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/run-make/embed-source-dwarf/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// hello
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/run-make/embed-source-dwarf/rmake.rs b/tests/run-make/embed-source-dwarf/rmake.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..06d550121b0de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/run-make/embed-source-dwarf/rmake.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+//@ ignore-windows
+//@ ignore-apple
+
+// LLVM 17's embed-source implementation requires that source code is attached
+// for all files in the output DWARF debug info. This restriction was lifted in
+// LLVM 18 (87e22bdd2bd6d77d782f9d64b3e3ae5bdcd5080d).
+//@ min-llvm-version: 18
+
+// This test should be replaced with one in tests/debuginfo once we can easily
+// tell via GDB or LLDB if debuginfo contains source code. Cheap tricks in LLDB
+// like setting an invalid source map path don't appear to work, maybe this'll
+// become easier once GDB supports DWARFv6?
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use gimli::{AttributeValue, EndianRcSlice, Reader, RunTimeEndian};
+use object::{Object, ObjectSection};
+use run_make_support::{gimli, object, rfs, rustc};
+
+fn main() {
+    let output = PathBuf::from("embed-source-main");
+    rustc()
+        .input("main.rs")
+        .output(&output)
+        .arg("-g")
+        .arg("-Zembed-source=yes")
+        .arg("-Zdwarf-version=5")
+        .run();
+    let output = rfs::read(output);
+    let obj = object::File::parse(output.as_slice()).unwrap();
+    let endian = if obj.is_little_endian() { RunTimeEndian::Little } else { RunTimeEndian::Big };
+    let dwarf = gimli::Dwarf::load(|section| -> Result<_, ()> {
+        let data = obj.section_by_name(section.name()).map(|s| s.uncompressed_data().unwrap());
+        Ok(EndianRcSlice::new(Rc::from(data.unwrap_or_default().as_ref()), endian))
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+
+    let mut sources = HashMap::new();
+
+    let mut iter = dwarf.units();
+    while let Some(header) = iter.next().unwrap() {
+        let unit = dwarf.unit(header).unwrap();
+        let unit = unit.unit_ref(&dwarf);
+
+        if let Some(program) = &unit.line_program {
+            let header = program.header();
+            for file in header.file_names() {
+                if let Some(source) = file.source() {
+                    let path = unit
+                        .attr_string(file.path_name())
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .to_string_lossy()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .to_string();
+                    let source =
+                        unit.attr_string(source).unwrap().to_string_lossy().unwrap().to_string();
+                    if !source.is_empty() {
+                        sources.insert(path, source);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    dbg!(&sources);
+    assert_eq!(sources.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(sources.get("main.rs").unwrap(), "// hello\nfn main() {}\n");
+}
diff --git a/tests/run-make/rust-lld-compress-debug-sections/rmake.rs b/tests/run-make/rust-lld-compress-debug-sections/rmake.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index ea4997fab8099..0000000000000
--- a/tests/run-make/rust-lld-compress-debug-sections/rmake.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-// Checks the `compress-debug-sections` option on rust-lld.
-
-//@ needs-rust-lld
-//@ only-linux
-//@ ignore-cross-compile
-
-// FIXME: This test isn't comprehensive and isn't covering all possible combinations.
-
-use run_make_support::{assert_contains, llvm_readobj, run_in_tmpdir, rustc};
-
-fn check_compression(compression: &str, to_find: &str) {
-    run_in_tmpdir(|| {
-        let out = rustc()
-            .arg("-Zlinker-features=+lld")
-            .arg("-Clink-self-contained=+linker")
-            .arg("-Zunstable-options")
-            .arg("-Cdebuginfo=full")
-            .link_arg(&format!("-Wl,--compress-debug-sections={compression}"))
-            .input("main.rs")
-            .run_unchecked();
-        let stderr = out.stderr_utf8();
-        if stderr.is_empty() {
-            llvm_readobj().arg("-t").arg("main").run().assert_stdout_contains(to_find);
-        } else {
-            assert_contains(
-                stderr,
-                format!(
-                    "LLVM was not built with LLVM_ENABLE_{to_find} \
-                     or did not find {compression} at build time"
-                ),
-            );
-        }
-    });
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    check_compression("zlib", "ZLIB");
-    check_compression("zstd", "ZSTD");
-}
diff --git a/tests/ui/check-cfg/well-known-values.stderr b/tests/ui/check-cfg/well-known-values.stderr
index d780e04e729a2..103a7564a0f87 100644
--- a/tests/ui/check-cfg/well-known-values.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/check-cfg/well-known-values.stderr
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ warning: unexpected `cfg` condition value: `_UNEXPECTED_VALUE`
 LL |     target_os = "_UNEXPECTED_VALUE",
    |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |
-   = note: expected values for `target_os` are: `aix`, `android`, `cuda`, `dragonfly`, `emscripten`, `espidf`, `freebsd`, `fuchsia`, `haiku`, `hermit`, `horizon`, `hurd`, `illumos`, `ios`, `l4re`, `linux`, `macos`, `netbsd`, `none`, `nto`, `nuttx`, `openbsd`, `psp`, `redox`, `solaris`, `solid_asp3`, `teeos`, `tvos`, `uefi`, `unknown`, `visionos`, `vita`, `vxworks`, `wasi`, `watchos`, `windows`, `xous`, and `zkvm`
+   = note: expected values for `target_os` are: `aix`, `android`, `cuda`, `dragonfly`, `emscripten`, `espidf`, `freebsd`, `fuchsia`, `haiku`, `hermit`, `horizon`, `hurd`, `illumos`, `ios`, `l4re`, `linux`, `macos`, `netbsd`, `none`, `nto`, `nuttx`, `openbsd`, `psp`, `redox`, `solaris`, `solid_asp3`, `teeos`, `trusty`, `tvos`, `uefi`, `unknown`, `visionos`, `vita`, `vxworks`, `wasi`, `watchos`, `windows`, `xous`, and `zkvm`
    = note: see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/check-cfg.html> for more information about checking conditional configuration
 
 warning: unexpected `cfg` condition value: `_UNEXPECTED_VALUE`
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ LL | #[cfg(target_os = "linuz")] // testing that we suggest `linux`
    |                   |
    |                   help: there is a expected value with a similar name: `"linux"`
    |
-   = note: expected values for `target_os` are: `aix`, `android`, `cuda`, `dragonfly`, `emscripten`, `espidf`, `freebsd`, `fuchsia`, `haiku`, `hermit`, `horizon`, `hurd`, `illumos`, `ios`, `l4re`, `linux`, `macos`, `netbsd`, `none`, `nto`, `nuttx`, `openbsd`, `psp`, `redox`, `solaris`, `solid_asp3`, `teeos`, `tvos`, `uefi`, `unknown`, `visionos`, `vita`, `vxworks`, `wasi`, `watchos`, `windows`, `xous`, and `zkvm`
+   = note: expected values for `target_os` are: `aix`, `android`, `cuda`, `dragonfly`, `emscripten`, `espidf`, `freebsd`, `fuchsia`, `haiku`, `hermit`, `horizon`, `hurd`, `illumos`, `ios`, `l4re`, `linux`, `macos`, `netbsd`, `none`, `nto`, `nuttx`, `openbsd`, `psp`, `redox`, `solaris`, `solid_asp3`, `teeos`, `trusty`, `tvos`, `uefi`, `unknown`, `visionos`, `vita`, `vxworks`, `wasi`, `watchos`, `windows`, `xous`, and `zkvm`
    = note: see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/check-cfg.html> for more information about checking conditional configuration
 
 warning: 29 warnings emitted
diff --git a/tests/ui/simd/shuffle.rs b/tests/ui/simd/shuffle.rs
index 09926d95557cd..dc0d688284e3c 100644
--- a/tests/ui/simd/shuffle.rs
+++ b/tests/ui/simd/shuffle.rs
@@ -6,15 +6,20 @@
 #![allow(incomplete_features)]
 #![feature(adt_const_params)]
 
+use std::marker::ConstParamTy;
+
 extern "rust-intrinsic" {
     fn simd_shuffle<T, I, U>(a: T, b: T, i: I) -> U;
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, ConstParamTy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(simd)]
 struct Simd<T, const N: usize>([T; N]);
 
-pub unsafe fn __shuffle_vector16<const IDX: [u32; 16], T, U>(x: T, y: T) -> U {
+unsafe fn __shuffle_vector16<const IDX: [u32; 16], T, U>(x: T, y: T) -> U {
+    simd_shuffle(x, y, IDX)
+}
+unsafe fn __shuffle_vector16_v2<const IDX: Simd<u32, 16>, T, U>(x: T, y: T) -> U {
     simd_shuffle(x, y, IDX)
 }
 
@@ -30,6 +35,17 @@ fn main() {
         let y: Simd<u8, 2> = simd_shuffle(a, b, I2);
         assert_eq!(y.0, [1, 5]);
     }
+    // Test that we can also use a SIMD vector instead of a normal array for the shuffle.
+    const I1_SIMD: Simd<u32, 4> = Simd([0, 2, 4, 6]);
+    const I2_SIMD: Simd<u32, 2> = Simd([1, 5]);
+    unsafe {
+        let x: Simd<u8, 4> = simd_shuffle(a, b, I1_SIMD);
+        assert_eq!(x.0, [0, 2, 4, 6]);
+
+        let y: Simd<u8, 2> = simd_shuffle(a, b, I2_SIMD);
+        assert_eq!(y.0, [1, 5]);
+    }
+
     // Test that an indirection (via an unnamed constant)
     // through a const generic parameter also works.
     // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/113500 for details.
@@ -42,4 +58,11 @@ fn main() {
             Simd<u8, 16>,
         >(a, b);
     }
+    unsafe {
+        __shuffle_vector16_v2::<
+            { Simd([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]) },
+            Simd<u8, 16>,
+            Simd<u8, 16>,
+        >(a, b);
+    }
 }