24_date_times.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "_This introduction to pandas is derived from Data School's pandas Q&A with my own notes and code on top of what was provided._"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Working with dates and times in pandas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "url = 'http://bit.ly/uforeports'\n",
    "ufo = pd.read_csv(url)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>City</th>\n",
       "      <th>Colors Reported</th>\n",
       "      <th>Shape Reported</th>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th>Time</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ithaca</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>TRIANGLE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NY</td>\n",
       "      <td>6/1/1930 22:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Willingboro</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>OTHER</td>\n",
       "      <td>NJ</td>\n",
       "      <td>6/30/1930 20:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Holyoke</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>OVAL</td>\n",
       "      <td>CO</td>\n",
       "      <td>2/15/1931 14:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Abilene</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>DISK</td>\n",
       "      <td>KS</td>\n",
       "      <td>6/1/1931 13:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>New York Worlds Fair</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>LIGHT</td>\n",
       "      <td>NY</td>\n",
       "      <td>4/18/1933 19:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   City Colors Reported Shape Reported State             Time\n",
       "0                Ithaca             NaN       TRIANGLE    NY   6/1/1930 22:00\n",
       "1           Willingboro             NaN          OTHER    NJ  6/30/1930 20:00\n",
       "2               Holyoke             NaN           OVAL    CO  2/15/1931 14:00\n",
       "3               Abilene             NaN           DISK    KS   6/1/1931 13:00\n",
       "4  New York Worlds Fair             NaN          LIGHT    NY  4/18/1933 19:00"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ufo.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "City               object\n",
       "Colors Reported    object\n",
       "Shape Reported     object\n",
       "State              object\n",
       "Time               object\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ufo.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    22\n",
       "1    20\n",
       "2    14\n",
       "3    13\n",
       "4    19\n",
       "Name: Time, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 5 characters from the end to 3 characters from the end\n",
    "# this is quite a chore\n",
    "ufo.Time.str.slice(-5, -3).astype(int).head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>City</th>\n",
       "      <th>Colors Reported</th>\n",
       "      <th>Shape Reported</th>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th>Time</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ithaca</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>TRIANGLE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NY</td>\n",
       "      <td>1930-06-01 22:00:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Willingboro</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>OTHER</td>\n",
       "      <td>NJ</td>\n",
       "      <td>1930-06-30 20:00:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Holyoke</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>OVAL</td>\n",
       "      <td>CO</td>\n",
       "      <td>1931-02-15 14:00:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Abilene</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>DISK</td>\n",
       "      <td>KS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1931-06-01 13:00:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>New York Worlds Fair</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>LIGHT</td>\n",
       "      <td>NY</td>\n",
       "      <td>1933-04-18 19:00:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   City Colors Reported Shape Reported State  \\\n",
       "0                Ithaca             NaN       TRIANGLE    NY   \n",
       "1           Willingboro             NaN          OTHER    NJ   \n",
       "2               Holyoke             NaN           OVAL    CO   \n",
       "3               Abilene             NaN           DISK    KS   \n",
       "4  New York Worlds Fair             NaN          LIGHT    NY   \n",
       "\n",
       "                 Time  \n",
       "0 1930-06-01 22:00:00  \n",
       "1 1930-06-30 20:00:00  \n",
       "2 1931-02-15 14:00:00  \n",
       "3 1931-06-01 13:00:00  \n",
       "4 1933-04-18 19:00:00  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# we will convert the Time column to datatime format\n",
    "# there are many options to ensure this works well with your data\n",
    "ufo['Time'] = pd.to_datetime(ufo.Time)\n",
    "ufo.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "City                       object\n",
       "Colors Reported            object\n",
       "Shape Reported             object\n",
       "State                      object\n",
       "Time               datetime64[ns]\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ufo.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    22\n",
       "1    20\n",
       "2    14\n",
       "3    13\n",
       "4    19\n",
       "Name: Time, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ufo.Time.dt.hour.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     Sunday\n",
       "1     Monday\n",
       "2     Sunday\n",
       "3     Monday\n",
       "4    Tuesday\n",
       "Name: Time, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ufo.Time.dt.weekday_name.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    6\n",
       "1    0\n",
       "2    6\n",
       "3    0\n",
       "4    1\n",
       "Name: Time, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ufo.Time.dt.weekday.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    152\n",
       "1    181\n",
       "2     46\n",
       "3    152\n",
       "4    108\n",
       "Name: Time, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ufo.Time.dt.dayofyear.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Timestamps**\n",
    "<br /> We can use it for comparison and mathematical operations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ts = pd.to_datetime('1/1/1999')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>City</th>\n",
       "      <th>Colors Reported</th>\n",
       "      <th>Shape Reported</th>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th>Time</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12832</th>\n",
       "      <td>Loma Rica</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>LIGHT</td>\n",
       "      <td>CA</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999-01-01 02:30:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12833</th>\n",
       "      <td>Bauxite</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>AR</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999-01-01 03:00:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12834</th>\n",
       "      <td>Florence</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>CYLINDER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SC</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999-01-01 14:00:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12835</th>\n",
       "      <td>Lake Henshaw</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIGAR</td>\n",
       "      <td>CA</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999-01-01 15:00:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12836</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wilmington Island</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>LIGHT</td>\n",
       "      <td>GA</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999-01-01 17:15:00</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                    City Colors Reported Shape Reported State  \\\n",
       "12832          Loma Rica             NaN          LIGHT    CA   \n",
       "12833            Bauxite             NaN            NaN    AR   \n",
       "12834           Florence             NaN       CYLINDER    SC   \n",
       "12835       Lake Henshaw             NaN          CIGAR    CA   \n",
       "12836  Wilmington Island             NaN          LIGHT    GA   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     Time  \n",
       "12832 1999-01-01 02:30:00  \n",
       "12833 1999-01-01 03:00:00  \n",
       "12834 1999-01-01 14:00:00  \n",
       "12835 1999-01-01 15:00:00  \n",
       "12836 1999-01-01 17:15:00  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ufo.loc[ufo.Time >= ts, :].head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2000-12-31 23:59:00')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ufo.Time.max()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timedelta('25781 days 01:59:00')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ufo.Time.max() - ufo.Time.min()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "25781"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(ufo.Time.max() - ufo.Time.min()).days"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Plotting**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%matplotlib inline"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ufo['Year'] = ufo.Time.dt.year"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>City</th>\n",
       "      <th>Colors Reported</th>\n",
       "      <th>Shape Reported</th>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th>Time</th>\n",
       "      <th>Year</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ithaca</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>TRIANGLE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NY</td>\n",
       "      <td>1930-06-01 22:00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1930</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Willingboro</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>OTHER</td>\n",
       "      <td>NJ</td>\n",
       "      <td>1930-06-30 20:00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1930</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Holyoke</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>OVAL</td>\n",
       "      <td>CO</td>\n",
       "      <td>1931-02-15 14:00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1931</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Abilene</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>DISK</td>\n",
       "      <td>KS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1931-06-01 13:00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1931</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>New York Worlds Fair</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>LIGHT</td>\n",
       "      <td>NY</td>\n",
       "      <td>1933-04-18 19:00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1933</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   City Colors Reported Shape Reported State  \\\n",
       "0                Ithaca             NaN       TRIANGLE    NY   \n",
       "1           Willingboro             NaN          OTHER    NJ   \n",
       "2               Holyoke             NaN           OVAL    CO   \n",
       "3               Abilene             NaN           DISK    KS   \n",
       "4  New York Worlds Fair             NaN          LIGHT    NY   \n",
       "\n",
       "                 Time  Year  \n",
       "0 1930-06-01 22:00:00  1930  \n",
       "1 1930-06-30 20:00:00  1930  \n",
       "2 1931-02-15 14:00:00  1931  \n",
       "3 1931-06-01 13:00:00  1931  \n",
       "4 1933-04-18 19:00:00  1933  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ufo.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x118989da0>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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XPf7O/O1k5UeQ7gmqp+/+fODObH03YAFwUB3FfympqRtgP+CpHHz/fYFjsvVe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\nAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x118995cf8>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ufo.Year.value_counts().sort_index().plot()"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "anaconda-cloud": {},
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python [py3k]",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "Python [py3k]"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.5.2"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 0
}