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Fullstack Authentication Example with Next.js and NextAuth.js

This example shows how to implement a fullstack app in TypeScript with Next.js using React (frontend), Next.js API routes and Prisma Client (backend). It also demonstrates how to implement authentication using NextAuth.js. The example uses a SQLite database file with some initial dummy data which you can find at ./prisma/dev.db.

Note that the app uses a mix of server-side rendering with getServerSideProps (SSR) and static site generation with getStaticProps (SSG). When possible, SSG is used to make database queries already at build-time (e.g. when fetching the public feed). Sometimes, the user requesting data needs to be authenticated, so SSR is being used to render data dynamically on the server-side (e.g. when viewing a user's drafts).

Getting started

1. Download example and install dependencies

curl https://codeload.github.com/prisma/prisma-examples/tar.gz/latest | tar -xz --strip=2 prisma-examples-latest/typescript/rest-nextjs-api-routes-auth

Install npm dependencies:

cd rest-nextjs-api-routes-auth
npm install
Alternative: Clone the entire repo

Clone this repository:

git clone [email protected]:prisma/prisma-examples.git --depth=1

Install npm dependencies:

cd prisma-examples/typescript/rest-nextjs-api-routes-auth
npm install

2. Create and seed the database

Run the following command to create your SQLite database file. This also creates the User and Post tables that are defined in prisma/schema.prisma:

npx prisma migrate dev --name init

Now, seed the database with the sample data in prisma/seed.ts by running the following command:

npx prisma db seed

3. Configuring your authentication provider

In order to get this example to work, you need to configure the GitHub and/or Email authentication providers from NextAuth.js.

Configuring the GitHub authentication provider

Expand to learn how you can configure the GitHub authentication provider

First, log into your GitHub account.

Then, navigate to Settings, then open to Developer Settings, then switch to OAuth Apps.

Clicking on the Register a new application button will redirect you to a registration form to fill out some information for your app. The Authorization callback URL should be the Next.js /api/auth route.

An important thing to note here is that the Authorization callback URL field only supports a single URL, unlike e.g. Auth0, which allows you to add additional callback URLs separated with a comma. This means if you want to deploy your app later with a production URL, you will need to set up a new GitHub OAuth app.

Click on the Register application button, and then you will be able to find your newly generated Client ID and Client Secret. Copy and paste this info into the .env file in the root directory.

The resulting section in the .env file might look like this:

# GitHub oAuth
GITHUB_ID=6bafeb321963449bdf51
GITHUB_SECRET=509298c32faa283f28679ad6de6f86b2472e1bff

Configuring the Email authentication provider

You can follow the instructions in the NextAuth.js documentation to configure the Email authentication provider. Once your email authentication provider is configured, you can set the environment variables in .env accordingly.

4. Start the app

npm run dev

The app is now running, navigate to http://localhost:3000/ in your browser to explore its UI.

Evolving the app

Evolving the application typically requires three steps:

  1. Migrate your database using Prisma Migrate
  2. Update your server-side application code
  3. Build new UI features in React

For the following example scenario, assume you want to add a "profile" feature to the app where users can create a profile and write a short bio about themselves.

1. Migrate your database using Prisma Migrate

The first step is to add a new table, e.g. called Profile, to the database. You can do this by adding a new model to your Prisma schema file file and then running a migration afterwards:

// schema.prisma

model Post {
  id        Int     @default(autoincrement()) @id
  title     String
  content   String?
  published Boolean @default(false)
  author    User?   @relation(fields: [authorId], references: [id])
  authorId  Int
}

model User {
  id      Int      @default(autoincrement()) @id 
  name    String? 
  email   String   @unique
  posts   Post[]
+ profile Profile?
}

+model Profile {
+  id     Int     @default(autoincrement()) @id
+  bio    String?
+  userId Int     @unique
+  user   User    @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id])
+}

Once you've updated your data model, you can execute the changes against your database with the following command:

npx prisma migrate dev

2. Update your application code

You can now use your PrismaClient instance to perform operations against the new Profile table. Here are some examples:

Create a new profile for an existing user

const profile = await prisma.profile.create({
  data: {
    bio: "Hello World",
    user: {
      connect: { email: "[email protected]" },
    },
  },
});

Create a new user with a new profile

const user = await prisma.user.create({
  data: {
    email: "[email protected]",
    name: "John",
    profile: {
      create: {
        bio: "Hello World",
      },
    },
  },
});

Update the profile of an existing user

const userWithUpdatedProfile = await prisma.user.update({
  where: { email: "[email protected]" },
  data: {
    profile: {
      update: {
        bio: "Hello Friends",
      },
    },
  },
});

3. Build new UI features in React

Once you have added a new endpoint to the API (e.g. /api/profile with /POST, /PUT and GET operations), you can start building a new UI component in React. It could e.g. be called profile.tsx and would be located in the pages directory.

In the application code, you can access the new endpoint via fetch operations and populate the UI with the data you receive from the API calls.

Switch to another database (e.g. PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, MongoDB)

If you want to try this example with another database than SQLite, you can adjust the the database connection in prisma/schema.prisma by reconfiguring the datasource block.

Learn more about the different connection configurations in the docs.

Expand for an overview of example configurations with different databases

PostgreSQL

For PostgreSQL, the connection URL has the following structure:

datasource db {
  provider = "postgresql"
  url      = "postgresql://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/DATABASE?schema=SCHEMA"
}

Here is an example connection string with a local PostgreSQL database:

datasource db {
  provider = "postgresql"
  url      = "postgresql://janedoe:mypassword@localhost:5432/notesapi?schema=public"
}

MySQL

For MySQL, the connection URL has the following structure:

datasource db {
  provider = "mysql"
  url      = "mysql://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/DATABASE"
}

Here is an example connection string with a local MySQL database:

datasource db {
  provider = "mysql"
  url      = "mysql://janedoe:mypassword@localhost:3306/notesapi"
}

Microsoft SQL Server

Here is an example connection string with a local Microsoft SQL Server database:

datasource db {
  provider = "sqlserver"
  url      = "sqlserver://localhost:1433;initial catalog=sample;user=sa;password=mypassword;"
}

MongoDB

Here is an example connection string with a local MongoDB database:

datasource db {
  provider = "mongodb"
  url      = "mongodb://USERNAME:PASSWORD@HOST/DATABASE?authSource=admin&retryWrites=true&w=majority"
}

Because MongoDB is currently in Preview, you need to specify the previewFeatures on your generator block:

generator client {
  provider        = "prisma-client-js"
  previewFeatures = ["mongodb"]
}

Next steps