Add Go 1.22.x and 1.23.x and drop Go 1.19.x

[ozennou]

• Update Go versions: Add support for Go 1.22.x and 1.23.x in the build.yml workflow, while removing support for the outdated and unsupported Go 1.19.x version. This ensures compatibility with newer Go versions and keeps the build process up-to-date.

• Cache dependency files: Implement caching for Go module dependencies (e.g., go.sum, go.mod, etc.) to significantly speed up pipeline execution. Caching will reduce redundant downloads of dependencies across builds, improving overall efficiency.

=> i will create a PR.

[ndyakov]

Hello @ozennou,
Feel free to review #3247 regarding the newer go versions in the CI workflow.